Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical Properties

•A physical property of a substance is any

property of a substance that you can

observe without changing it’s identity.

Physical Properties: Appearance•Physical properties include how the

substance looks•These properties include color, shape,

size, state of matter (solid, liquid, gas)

Physical Properties: Behavior

•Physical properties also include how a substance behaves

•These properties include magnetism, elasticity, ductility, malleability, ability to flow

•Malleability is the material’s ability to be compressed•Ductility is a material’s ability to be stretched

Physical Properties: Touch & Smell

•Touch and smell are also physical properties of a substance.

Physical Properties: Density•Density is the mass of an object divided

by its volume•D=m/v=g/ml•The density of water is 1 g/ml

mD v

m=DvD=m/vV=m/D

Physical Change•A change is size, shape, or state of matter

is a physical change.•The identity of the substance remains the

same with a physical change.

Using Physical Properties to Separate•Mixtures can also be separated by

physical properties.•Distillation is the process of using heat to

remove liquid from a mixture and then• recompensing it.

Chemical Properties•A chemical property is a characteristic of

a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a chemical change. These include reactivity, flammability, stability, and toxicity

•Reactivity is the ability of a substance to react with another

•Flammability is the ability of something to burn

•Stability is a substances tendency not to react

•Toxicity is the degree to which a substance can damage a living or non-living organisms

Chemical Change

•During a chemical change, the identity of the substance changes.

•New substances are formed during a chemical change.

•Some indicators of a chemical change is a change physical properties•Chemical changes can’t be undone by physical changes

Using Chemical Change to Separate•Chemical changes can be used to

separate things or return them to their original state.

•An example would be tarnish on silver. This can be turned back into silver through a chemical reaction with aluminum foil, baking soda, and water.

Comparing Chemical & Physical Properties

Substance Physical property Chemical property

Helium less dense than air nonflammable

Wood grainy texture flammable

Baking soda white powderreacts with vinegar to produce bubbles

Iron malleable reacts with oxygenPowdered sugar white powder does not react with vinegarRubbing alcohol clear liquid flammable

Red food coloring red colorreacts with bleach and loses color

Conservation of Mass•The law of

conservation of mass states that the mass of all of the substances present before a chemical change is equal to the mass of all substances that remain after.

•Mass of products = mass of reactants