Physical and Human Geography

of

Europe and Russia4th Six Weeks CBA Review

The European Union (EU)

• single economic market to pool resources• created by a system of laws which apply in

all member states, guaranteeing the freedom of movement of people, goods, services and capital

• Requirements to join– European nation– Democratic ruled– Free market economy

European Peninsulas

• Scandinavian

• Jutland

• Italian

• Balkan

• Iberian

Scandinavian Peninsula

• Norway

• Sweden

• Small part of Finland

Jutland Peninsula

• Denmark

• Small portion of Germany

Italian Peninsula

• Italy

• Apennine Mountains

Balkan Peninsula

• Albania• Macedonia• Croatia • Bos & Her• Bulgaria• Serbia• Montenegro• Greece

Iberian Peninsula

• Spain• Portugal• Separated

from the rest of continental Europe by the Pyrenees Mountains

Industrial Revolution

• CAUSE– Access to local natural resources such as

coal and iron reserves needed to make steel

• EFFECTS– Moved parts of Europe from agricultural to

industrial economy– Moved from rural populations to larger urban

cities (which led to pollution, illness, unsanitary living conditions)

Products of the Industrial Revolution in Europe

Watt Steam Engine Spinning JennyCoalbrookdale

Bubonic Plague (Black Death)

• Cultural diffusion• Spread through trade

routes by fleas on rats– Unsanitary conditions

• Killed about 25 million Europeans– Approximately 1/4 to

1/3 of the population

North Atlantic Drift

• Current of warm water from the tropics

• Causes mild climate in western Europe

Important European Rivers

Danube River

UniqueAlike Rhine River

Unique

1771 m flows west to east - empties into the Black Sea

Both start in the Alps, lined by many castles

Flows north 820 miles to the North Sea

Moves through nine countries

Network of rivers that bring people and goods together

Encourage trade and travel, economic growth, most commercial activity

Chernobyl

• Cause– Design flaw/Operator flaw– Nuclear reactor blew up

spreading radioactive dust

• Effect– International radioactive

contamination of land, water, air

– Death from exposure– Mental/physical health

problems, birth defects

Abandoned housing

The Reactor Site

Onion Domes

• Russian architectural feature

• Prevented heavy snow from settling on the roofs of buildings

Ural Mountains

• Natural boundary - separates continents of Europe from Asia

• Splits Russia• Most Russians live on

the western side of the range because of its proximity to Europe and European trade

British Isles

• Ireland

• Britain

• Other small islands

Nordic Countries

• Nordic countries are different from non-Nordic countries– Countries of Denmark, Norway, Sweden were

kingdoms during the 900s– None ever became a major empire like Great

Britain at any time in history

Berlin Wall

• Constructed by Soviet Union

• To keep East Berlin people from leaving communist side to go to democratic side of West Berlin

Aral Sea is shrinking

• Rivers that feed into the Aral Sea were diverted by Soviets for irrigation

• Sea is landlocked, rivers only source of water

• Allow rivers to flow again to rebuild it

Conflict in Yugoslavia

• 1990s Yugoslavia splits on ethnic differences – Croats, Serbs, Bosnians

• Newsflash today: Kosovo declares independence, Serbians blame US and burn US embassy

Command Economy

• Economic activity is controlled by the central government

• Supply and price are set by them

•Example – Soviet Union

Tundra

Arctic plains north of the taiga

Taiga

• Vast coniferous forest region

• Expands across Eurasia from Norway to the Pacific

Steppe

• Flat arid grassland

• Found south of taiga in Russia

Major cities on the Danube

Major Cities on the Danube

• Belgrade

• Budapest

• Vienna•Germany

•Austria•Slovakia•Hungary

•Croatia•Serbia

•Romania•Bulgaria•Moldova•Ukraine

Borders or flows through these countries

European Rivers

• Most European rivers flow into one of the seas: – the Mediterranean– the North Sea– the Black Sea

Harvesting Peat in Ireland

• Nonrenewable• Dried peat is

used as fuel 20% of heating

fuel in Ireland comes from peat

• Cut in blocks for easier burning – like logs

Political Cartoon

What inferences can you make?

Sources• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Isles• http://www.arcticphoto.co.uk/gallery2/arctic/landscape/tundra/rc0250-04.htm• www.wikipedia.com• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_peninsula• http://encarta.msn.com/map_701513545/Jutland.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Satellite_image_of_Italy_in_March_2003.jpg• http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/geogres/maps/eugif/euocncur.gif• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Era• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_Jenny• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Doktorschnabel_430px.jpg• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pripyat%2C_Ukraine%2C_abandoned_city.jpg• http://econc10.bu.edu/economic_systems/NatIdentity/images/chernobyl_site.gif• http://www.flickr.com/photos/70561184@N00/1455640589• http://www.flickr.com/photos/97044050@N00/1327219593• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union• http://encarta.msn.com/map_701517296/Ural_Mountains.html• http://encarta.msn.com/map_701511972/Danube.html• http://www.europe-map.org/rivers.htm• http://www.csupomona.edu/~sfenglehart/%20Hst%20Images%20/Berlin%20Wall.JPEG• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aral_Sea• http://www.sptimes.com/News/120700/photos/NIE-Economic-chart.jpg

Sources, continued• http://education.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/ee/map.html;_ylt

=AkwNJKHbgv0m_ndHyJI5qRy4ecYF• http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9G_bHOs18FHzn8AdoejzbkF/

SIG=1239l6m34/EXP=1203972396/**http%3A//www.flickr.com/photos/yokels/1357160542/

• http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9G_bDkp2MFH6YMB1QujzbkF/SIG=129r425ol/EXP=1203972521/**http%3A//www.flickr.com/photos/54085921@N00/1388633650/

• http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9G_bF.y2MFHB0AB2qOjzbkF/SIG=12a75kb0a/EXP=1203972658/**http%3A//www.flickr.com/photos/stewartbremner/365249461/

• http://encarta.msn.com/media_461520411_761567023_-1_1/Balkan_Peninsula_Today.html

• http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9G_bDsY8sFH88MAbc2jzbkF/SIG=123gopjva/EXP=1203979160/**http%3A//www.flickr.com/photos/axemann/195039653/

• http://geography.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.m%2Dw.com/cgi%2Dbin/nytmaps.pl%3Fyugoslavia

• http://www.globecartoon.com/chapp/05.html