Physical and Mental Demands of Performance

Which activity is most likely to use aerobic respiration for energy?10 km cross country runVault in gymnasticsShot putJumping to block a shot in basketball(1 mark)

All of the following are functions of the blood except:TransportProtectionEnergy productionTemperature control(1 mark)

Explain what is meant by ‘hypothermia’. (2 marks)• Rapid or excessive cooling of the body• through cold water• cold weather• to below 35°C.

Describe the actions to be taken when someone is suffering from hypothermia. (2 marks)• Provide extra layers of clothes.• Seek shelter.• Eat warm or hot food.• Warm or hot drink.• Remove wet clothing.• Replace with dry clothing.• Insulate with extra blankets or foil or sleeping bags etc.• Seek warmth from another person.• Seek medical help.

Fractures are common injuries in sport. State how a fracture can be recognised. (1 mark)• Pain• Abnormal shape• Swelling• Bruising• Unnatural position• Bone sticking out• Snapping sound when it happens• Immobility

Which of the following would not be classed as an externally caused injury? (1 mark)• Compound fracture• Greenstick fracture• Open fracture• Stress fracture

Describe what is meant be the term fatigue and the problems associated with it for a sportsperson. (4 marks)• A feeling of physical or mental tiredness brought on by

extreme exertion.• Leads to local muscle fatigue – parts of body cannot

continue.• Concentration levels decrease and judgement

becomes poor.• Skill levels decrease.• Cannot be stopped unless the intensity levels are

reduced or the rest is taken.

Explain what is meant by an overuse injury. (1 mark)• Injury caused by training too much.• Includes injuries such as stress fractures or

tennis elbow.

What is meant by the RICE principle? (5 marks)• A method for treating soft tissue (muscle,

tendon and ligament) injuries.• Rest; stop activity immediately.• Ice; to reduce swelling and pain.• Compression; to reduce swelling and support

injured area.• Elevation; raise injured area above heart to

decrease circulation.

• Define aerobic respiration. (1 mark)Respiration / energy production which occurs in the presence of oxygen.

What is gaseous exchange and where does it take place? (2 marks)• The process where oxygen is taken in from the

air and exchanged for carbon dioxide.• Occurs at the alveoli in the lungs.

What happens to breathing rate during exercise? (2 marks)• It increases.• Due to greater demand for oxygen• And requirement to remove carbon dioxide.

Define anaerobic respiration. (1 mark)• Respiration / energy production without

oxygen.

What is oxygen debt? (2 marks)• A requirement to increase breathing rate in

order to intake more oxygen.• Follows periods of anaerobic exercise.

How do you measure and improve cardiovascular endurance? (4 marks)• Cardiovascular endurance levels can be determined using

resting pulse rate or pulse recovery rate.• Improved with aerobic training.• Aerobic training forces the heart and lungs to adapt to the

increased work load.• This is done by training in the aerobic training zone.• This is 60-80% max heart rate.• Max HR calculated by 220-age.• HR can be determined using pulse rate or a heart rate monitor.