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Physical Protection of Brazilian Nuclear Material and FacilitiesOverview on the Brazilian Nuclear Security Regime
Renato L. A. Tavares Nuclear Security and Standards Division (DISEN)
Directorate for Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards (DRS)
National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN)
Topics
• Overview on Brazilian Nuclear Security Regime
• Brazilian Laws ans Regulations
• International Binding and non-Binding Instruments
• Challenges and Actions: Local Threat Scenario
• Challenges and Actions: A New Security Regulatory Framework
• Challenges and Actions: DBT
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
State Organizations
Legal Framework
Security/ Defense Agencies
Policy / StrategiesPlanning
Border Controls
RegulatorRegulations
Licensing (Security Assessments and
Inspections)
Culture/AwarenessPromotion
OperatorsPhysical Protection Systems
(procedures, personnel, equipment)
Physical Protection Plans
Overview: Nuclear Security Regime
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
Brazilian Nuclear Program
Some numbers: - 3 Mining and processing facilities (1 operational, 1
preoperational and 1 decommissioning)- 1 Conversion pilot plant (to UF6 - preoperational tests)- 3 Enrichment facilities (Laboratory, Pilot and Industrial
plants)- 1 Industrial conversion plant (UF6 to UO2)- 1 Industrial fuel fabrication plant- 2 NPPs (PWR design)- 1 NPP (under construction, PWR design)- 4 Research reactors - 1 Multipurpose Research Reactor (site approval)- 6 Research Institutes
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
Overview: Facilities that handle radioactive sources
Some numbers: ~ 5000 facilities that handle radioactive sourcesunder licensing, around 2300 active• Around 480 Cat I and Cat II sources:
• Radiotherapy;• Industrial radiography;• Irradiators;
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
Medical 35%
Industrial39%
R & D20%
Services4%
Other2%
Overview: CNEN Regulatory StructureCOMISSÃO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR (CNEN)
Directorate for Institutional Management (DGI)Directorate for Research and Development (DPD)
Directorate for Safety, Security and Safeguards (DRS)
DIRECTORATE FOR SAFETY, SECURITY AND SAFEGUARDS (DRS)Licensing of Nuclear Facilities and Facilities that handle radioactive sources
Regulatory Activities
General Coordination for Reactors and
Fuel Cycle Facilities
General Coordination for Medical and
Industrial Facilities
Safeguards Coordination
Raw Materials Coordination
Standards and Nuclear Security
Division
RadioactiveWaste
Division
CENASF STANDARDSESF
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
NE 2.01 –
PhysicalProtection
NE 1.04 Licensing ofNuclear Facilities
NN-6.02 - Licensing of Radioactive Facilities
NE-5.01 - Transportation of Radioactive Material
NE-4.01 – Safety and Radiological Protection for Mineral-Industrial Facilities
NE 8.02 – Licensing ofWaste Repositories
Federal Constituition(1988): State
Monopoly andPeaceful Purposes
CNEN Creation
Law (1956)
Competencies (1962)
TLC Law (1998)
OtherNuclear Laws
Security Assessment
TechnicalReports and
Notes/ PP Plansapproval
Technical Visits/ RegulatoryInspections
Activity and Inspection
Reports
Activities Products
Brazilian Laws and Regulations
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
International Binding and non Binding- Convention1 on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (since 1986) and
2005 Amendment (in process of ratification)
- Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources (2004)
- IAEA Nuclear Security Series:
- NSS 13 – Recommendations – Nuclear Security Recommendations on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities
- NSS 14 – Recommendations – Nuclear Security Recommendations on Radioactive Materials and Associated Facilities
- NSS 26G – Implementing Guides – Security of Nuclear Material in Transport
- NSS 9 – Implementing Guides – Security in the Transport of Radioactive Material
1 – Decree nº 95, Abril 16th 1991
Challenges and Actions
Despite the limitations (budget, HR)....
Lice
nsin
g • PhysicalProtectionPlansAssessment
• RegulatoryAudits
Regu
latio
n • RegulationCNEN NE-2.01 Revision
• RegulationCNEN NN-2.05 Elaboration
• RegulationCNEN NN-2.06 Elaboration
Inte
rnat
iona
lRep
rese
ntat
ions • NSGC
• NSSC• AdSec• Mercosul• ITDB• CPPNM• Fórum
Iberoamericano
Trai
ning
and
Capa
city
Build
ing • CENASF
• Training Program
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
Regulation CNEN NE-2.01 – Physical Protection of Nuclear Operational Units
• CNEN NE 2.01 (2011) – Prescriptive approach:• Compliance-based • Operators submit to CNEN their
physical protection plans that must consider a threat assessment
• Inspections to verify security measures described on the PP Plans
• non-compliant items may compromise operator´s licensing processes
• Physical Protection Plans must be revised every two years, or whenever new conditions make it necessary
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
A New Regulatory Framework
CNEN NN 2.01
Security ofNuclear
Material andAssociated Facilities
CNEN NN 2.05 Security on Transportof Nuclear
andRadioactive
Material
CNEN NN 2.06 Security
ofRadioactiveMaterial andAssiociated
Facilities
CNEN NE 2.01
PhysicalProtectionof Nuclear Operational
Units
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
CPPNM/ACode ofConductNSS-13NSS-27G
NSS-9NSS-26G
Code ofConductNSS-14
Challenges and Actions: Threat Assessment Process
INFCIRC 225 says:
No Cat I material in Brazil, only Cat II
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
• Local decision and policy-makers realized that the current approach may not be fully effective
• In process of analyzing all regulations pertaining to nuclear security to establish which ones are ineffective, out-dated or confusing and need to be revised
• Economical crisis drives more cost-efficient solutions
Adapted from IAEA NSS-10, p.23
Challenges and Actions: Threat Assessment Process
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
Challenges and Actions: Establishing a national DBT
Efforts are being made by CNEN to stimulate the elaboration process of a DBT to serve as starting point to redesign and re-evaluation of PPS for existing nuclear/radioactive materials and facilities, as well as transportoperations, by:• Establishing a supportive regulatory framework to the process;• Identifying State organizations needed to participate on the process
(Intelligence Agency, Ministry of Defence, SIPRON, ...);• Providing training to increase awareness of security culture on operators,
other government agencies and decision-makers on the subject
Despite the limitations (budget, HR)....
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
Challenges and ActionsDBT Workshop in Brazil – Partnership with DoE/USA – NNSA, SNL and PNNL experts
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
Challenges and Actions
CNEN recognizes that cyber attacks represent a major (and quickly evolving) issue, and started studies in order to elaborate a regulation regarding cyber aspects, as well as disseminating culture among stakeholders:
Training Courses (with IAEA) held in Brazil:• TC in Cybersecurity (Rio de Janeiro, 2014)• NTC in Computer Security at Nuclear Facilities (Rio de Janeiro, 2016)• RTC Hands-on for Operators (Rio de Janeiro, 2017)
Cybersecurity Issues
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
Challenges and Actions
Despite the limitations (budget, HR)....
All Brazilian nuclear facilities have PP Systems (plans and procedures) already assessed and approved by CNEN, in accordance with nationalregulation
All nuclear material transport must have PP Plans assessed and approved by CNEN (~19 transportations/year)
Improvement on the dissemination of the nuclear security culture, through the organization of training events (around 550 Brazilian professionals trained in the last 13 years)
At least one annual emergency exercise is carried out, including also security scenarios, coordinated by SIPRON (effective CNEN participation)
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
[email protected] Thank you!
International Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities | Albuquerque, NM, USA| May 17th 2018
ITC-25 Graduation Ceremony – May 8th, 2015