Physical Security PrimerDr. Eric VanderburgDirector, Information Systems and SecurityJURINNOV LTD

Objectives

• Explain physical security strategies

•Describe physical security controls

•Understand the role of physical security

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4 Key Strategies

1. Territoriality

2. Natural Surveillance

3. Activity Support

4. Access Control

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Territoriality

Most people tend to protect area that they feel is their own, and have a certain amount of respect for other’s. Fences, pavement treatments, signs and landscaping all help to express ownership.

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Natural Surveillance

• This is almost entirely based off of the fact that criminals do not want to be seen.

• Place physical activities, features and people in a way that they can be observed

• Remove trees, sheds, bushes and other sight obstructions

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Access Control

• Properly located entrances/exits

• Fencing

• Lighting

• Receptionist at a front desk

• A neighbor sitting on their front porch

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An Overview of Physical Controls

Concentric Zone Theory – based on the premise that the more valuable an asset is, the more protection it needs

3 Basic Lines of Physical Defense:

1. The perimeter of the facility

2. The building exterior

3. The interior

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Locks

• Key, key card or smart card operated

• Remains one of the oldest, most commonly used methods of access control

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Biometrics

The science of using individual physiological features or behavioral characteristics to positively identify a person

Examples: fingerprint, iris/retinal scans, hand geometry, voice, et al.

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Lighting

• Intruders want darkness to cover their actions

• 3 out of 4 commercial burglaries are committed within buildings with little or no light

• Types:

1. Continuous

2. Standby

3. Moveable

4. Emergency

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Lighting

•Perimeter Lighting• Floodlights•Street lights• Fresnal units•Searchlights

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Alarm uses

• Burglar• Fire• Temperature•Humidity•Water flow• Electrical power

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Alarm system types

Local – sound on the premises only• Proprietary – a constantly-manned alarm panel operated by the owner• Central Station – similar to proprietary, except usually operated off premises by an alarm company• Police Connected – the alarm is directed via phone lines to the nearest police dept.

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Alarms – False Alarms

•More than 90% of all intrusion alarms are false alarms, resulting in needless expense and risks on the part of responders.

• Because of the high number of false alarms, many cities prohibit alarms connected directly to the police department.

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Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)

• A generic term, generally meaning a system in which a number of video cameras are connected in a closed circuit or loop, where the images are sent to a central television monitor or recorded.

• CCTV systems range from basic system to very complicated networks.

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Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)

Cameras may be overt or covert, or semi-covert.•Overt – out in the open• Covert – hidden• Semi- Covert – cameras are in public view but behind a one-way transparent covering.

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CCTV other technology

• Internet Protocol Video (IP)• Video can be sent across a company’s data network

so that it can be viewed wherever the company chooses.• These can cause bandwidth and digital storage

issues for a company’s network.

• Thermal Imaging – operates on the principle that all objects emit infrared energy that can be seen using a thermal imager

• Night Cameras – most popular kind use image intensification that amplifies available visible and near-infrared light to achieve better vision

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Privacy concerns…

• There is concern over the amount of, or rather lack of, privacy by private, non-criminal citizens through the extensive use of surveillance methods.

• Some cities are passing legislation to govern these types of devices and their use.

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The Perimeter

• Fences – 2 basic types•Ornamental•Chain Link – effectiveness can be increased by adding razor wire, barbed wire, etc.

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The Perimeter

• Surveillance Cameras

•Vehicle Barriers•Active – require some action by a person or equipment to be raised into place•Passive – a fixed device with no moving parts, such as guard rails, concrete poles, etc.

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The Perimeter

•Patrols•Security Officers•Patrol or Guard Dog units – roam alone inside a perimeter or building to deter intruders

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The Perimeter

• Signs

•Physical Layout When possible, we should always try to maintain a clear zone of 20 feet on either side of the perimeter

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Building Exterior controls

• For some facilities, the exterior is the first line of defense.

• Panic or Crash BarsA device located on the inside of a door only. It allows the door to opened in case of a fire, but has no hardware on the outside that can be used to open the door.

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The Building Exterior

• Keys for effective security:• Strong, locked doors• Limited number of entrances• Secured openings (>96 sq. inches)• Alarms• Surveillance• Lighting

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The Building Interior

• Internal physical controls are usually required along with external controls.

• Secure areas should be separated from non-secure areas if possible.

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The Building Interior - Safeguards:

• Locks• Alarms•Mirrors•Document shredders• Vaults/ safes

• Bolt down large, moveable equipment• Lock down devices on office equipment• Surveillance systems

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The Command Center

•Should be linked to the security control center

•Should be in a tightly controlled area

•Can also monitor access

• Increasingly, staff members of the command center can also handle computer network issues if need be.

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The Physical Security System

• The goal is to provide the amount of security needed - neither too much nor too little.

• This is a balancing act between aesthetic, operational, safety and security needs.

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The Physical Security System

• Physical Security Users: a group comprised of the people who own the property being protected, the people who work at or visit the facility, and the security forces themselves.

• Physical security footprint – the mark left during or after a security action that the public sees and lets them know security is present.

For assistance or additional information

• Phone: 216-664-1100

• Web: www.jurinnov.com

• Email: Eric.Vanderburg@jurinnov.com

JurInnov Ltd.

The Idea Center

1375 Euclid Avenue, Suite 400

Cleveland, Ohio 44115