physical versus chemical properties
DESCRIPTION
Physical versus Chemical Properties. Chapter 2 Section 2 Describing matter. Reviewing MATTER. Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space Mass – the amount of matter in something Volume – the amount of space something occupies Which of the following is matter? A car? A box? You?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Physical versus Chemical Properties
Chapter 2 Section 2Describing matter
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• Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space– Mass – the amount of matter in something– Volume – the amount of space something
occupies
• Which of the following is matter?– A car?– A box?– You?
Reviewing MATTER
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What is a property?
• Property: a characteristic of a substance that can be observed
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Physical Property Physical property: a property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
Examples:• luster• malleability: the ability
to be hammered into a thin sheet
• ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire
• melting point• boiling point• density• solubility• specific heat
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Physical Properties
• Color• Shape • Size • Density• Melting Point• Boiling Point
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Example of Physical Property
• The physical properties of sodium metal can be observed or measured. It is a soft, lustrous, silver-colored metal with a relatively low melting point and low density.
• Hardness, color, melting point and density are all physical properties.
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Special Physical Properties
• Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure
water = 0oC• Boiling point: the temperature at
which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure
water = 100oC
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• Thermal
• Density
• Solubility
• State
• Ductility
• Malleability
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Chemical Properties
• Chemical property: a property that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance
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Chemical Properties
Examples of Chemical Properties• Reactivity with oxygen• Nonreactivity with oxygen• Flammability• Nonflammability
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Chemical Properties
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Comparison of Physical and Chemical Properties
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Density
• Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume.
• Density can be used to identify a substance.
• The density of water is 1.0g/mL
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Density Calculations
• Calculations:D = m/V
• Ex: A cube has a mass of 2.8 g and occupies a volume of 3.67 ml. Would this object float or sink in water?
Mass = 2.8 g Volume = 3.67 mLD = 2.8g/3.67 mL= 0.76 g/mL
– This object would float in water because its density is less than water (1.0 g/mL).
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More Density Calculations
• Ex: A liquid has a mass of 25.6 g and a volume of 31.6 mL. Use the table below to identify the substance.
Substance Density (g/ mL)
Mercury 13.6
Water 1.00
Ethanol 0.81
M=25.6 g V=31.6 mL D = 25.6 g/31.6 mL D= 0.81 g/mLThe substance is ethanol.
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Physical Change
Physical change is the change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.
• Imagine breaking a piece of chalk into two pieces. What are you changing? What is not being changed?
• Physical changes do not change the identity of the matter involved
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Physical Change
• Freezing water for ice cubes• Sanding a piece of wood• Cutting your hair• Crushing an aluminum can• Bending a paper clip• Mixing oil and vinegar
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Chemical Change
Chemical change happens when two or more substance are changed into one or more new substances with different properties.
• Properties of a substance describe which chemical changes will or will not happen
• Chemical change and properties are not the same, a change is the process in which it changes
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Chemical Change
Examples of Chemical Changes• Soured milk• Effervescent tablets• Statue of Liberty• Baking a cake
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Chemical Change
Clues that chemical change has occurred• Changes in color• Heat• Fizzing and foaming• Production of sound or light