physics p1 foundation and higher mark scheme
TRANSCRIPT
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Physics P1 Foundation and Higher Mark Scheme
M1. (a) radiates absorbs / conducts reflects
for 1 mark each 3
(b) C make sure the lamp is the same distance from both tubes B switch on the lamp A switch off the lamp E wait for the temperature to stop rising D read the thermometers
for 1 mark each 5
[8]
M2. (a) (i) a horizontal distance indicated and labelled
gains 1 mark
but horizontal distance indicated between identical points on adjacent waves (to within 3-4mm) and labelled
gains 2 marks 2
(ii) peak ↔ trough indicated*
gains 1 mark
but peak / trough ↔ mean indicated*
(* to within 1-2mm either end)
gains 2 marks (allow 1 mark if both lines unlabelled or 2 marks if both lines accurately drawn and unlabelled)
2
(b) • 1.5
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• hertz / Hz or (waves / cycles) per second
for 1 mark each (do not allow wavelength / hertz per second)
2
[6]
M3. (a) (i) 15*
(ii) 60*
[* if incorrect but (ii)>(i) and (i) + (ii) = 75 then credit 1 mark]
(iii) 25
each for 1 mark 3
(b) stove because more of the energy heats up room / heats the room more or less energy escapes up chimney / less energy wasted
[Do not allow „less waste‟ with the stove] or no un burnt fuel in smoke
reason for 1 mark 1
[4]
M4. (a) (i) 65
(ii) 5
(iii) 30
[credit 1 mark if (i) + (ii) + (iii) = 100 or if (i) > (iii) > (ii)]
for 1 mark each 3
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(b) heating local schools saves 16+ J / 16.25
better cables saves 2.5 J
better lamps saves 2.4 J (out of each 100 J)
for 1 mark each
best to use waste heat to heat schools
for 1 mark 4
(NB credit answer consistent with own calculations – even if these incorrect but must be based on at least 2 derived figures)
(c) (i) / 0.03(3) / 3(.3)%
(credit correct fraction even if incorrectly converted to %)
(ii) / 0.1 / 1%
for 1 mark each 2
[9]
M5.
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each for 1 mark allow „error carried forward' to the last box‟
[3]
##
(a) 60
(b) 15
(c) 5
each for 1 mark credit 1 mark for (a) +(b)+ (c) = 80 or (a) > (b) > (c) to maximum of 3
[3]
##
(a) cooking and heating water 30 heating rooms 50
each for 1 mark 2
(b) coal idea that amount used fell/declined/line goes down
gains 1 mark
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but idea that fall/decline is steady/gradually/approx halved
gains 2 marks
gas ideas that amount used rose/increased in/from 1980/more used before 1980/ref to 1980 as an important date/rapid increase in use (credit idea that gas>coal from c.1990 in either part with 1 mark (to maximum 4)
each for 1 mark max 4
(c) • less carbon dioxide produced
• less change to weather/food production/gained warming/water levels (no mark for “greenhouse gas” alone)
• no/less sulphur dioxide produced/coal produces sulphur dioxide
• less acid rain/damage to fish/buildings/trees/crops/animals/tumours etc (do not credit reference to cost unless : cheaper so can spend more on environment)
(“It” used in an answer will refer to “gas”) any 3 for 1 mark each
3
[9]
M8. (a) gamma rays above x-rays
for 1 mark
(b) upper radio wave boundary correct (10-1m) (± 1mm)
for 1 mark
(c) visible radiation/light
• within the middle third of a wavelength band
• in the correct wavelength range (10-6 – 10-7m)
each for 1 mark
(d) ultraviolet between *visible radiation and X-rays
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for 1 mark
(e) microwaves above *radio waves and below *infra red (*not necessarily immediately)
for 1 mark
(f) between 108Hz + 107Hz and nearer to 108Hz than to 107Hz
gains 1 mark [7]
M9. 3 20 0.3
each for 1 mark [3]
M10. (a) 60% sector correct other two sectors closer to 13:7 than 12:8 or 14:6 sectors correctly labelled (w.r.t rank order of size)
each for 1 mark 3
(b) (i) ideas that wasted energy is transferred to surrounding air pan stove is converted to another/correctly named energy form
any 2 for 1 mark each 2
(ii) 40
for 1 mark 1
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[6]
M11. (a) ( B) ( ) (A C)
A = B or A/B = 20
gains 1 mark
but A = B = 20
gains 2 marks
A + B + C = 100
for 1 further mark
or C = 60 3
(b) evidence of or 20%/0.2 gains 1 mark
but 25%/0.25 or figure consistent with B in part (a)
gains 2 marks 2
(c) ideas that “lost” energy is (also) transferred (in ways we don‟t want) total amount of energy (before and after any transfer) remains the same energy becomes (progressively) more spread out/less easy to transfer again this applies to all the energy/even to the energy usefully transferred
each for 1 mark 4
[9]
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M12. (a) sectors closer to correct value than ± 1% nuclear (5%) gas 24% moving water 1%
each for 1 mark
maximum of 2 marks 3
sectors labelled correctly w.r.t. rank order of size
for 1 mark
But deduct 1 mark if not all sectors used
(b) 5 × as much (do not credit simply more/4% more) 4 × as much
1
(c) wind/waves/solar/tides (allow geothermal/wood/biomass)
any one for 1 mark 1
(d) idea that electricity is a secondary/man made source/needs another source to produce it
for 1 mark 1
[6]
##
(a) sectors nearer to correct value than to 1% either side coal 35% nuclear 5% gas 24% moving water 1%
each for 1 mark - to a maximum of 3 marks deduct 1 mark if sector left blank
three sectors labelled correctly w.r.t. rank order of size
for 1 mark 4
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(b) (fossil) fuels (allow combustible/flammable/non renewable) 1
(c) moving water/hydro wind/waves/tides/solar (allow geothermal/ wood/biomass)
each for 1 mark 2
(d) any indication that we get more (energy from nuclear sources)
gains 1 mark
but 5 times as much/more
gains 2 marks 2
[9]
M14. (a) amplitude marked as approximately half a wave height
great precision is not required 1
wavelength marked as a trough to trough distance or a peak to peak distance
accept an equivalent repeat distance anywhere on the wave 1
(b) the number of waves each second
accept cycles per second accept 25 waves pass each second
1
(c) any pair from
microwave cooking or communication or mobile phone
radio communication or entertainment
infra-red cooking or heating or remote control or security or night sights or thermal imaging
accept sensible specific uses
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2
[5]
M15. (a) (heat) is conducted through the glass
the answers must be within the context of the question 1
(heat) passes through glass and air by radiation
both glass and air required 1
(heat) crosses the air gap by convection
mention of conduction through air is neutral 1
(b) any one from
light
accept sunlight
gamma rays
X-rays
radio
accept sound or ir or microwaves or electromagnet waves 1
(c) any two from
cuts down convection currents
accept stops air moving
air pockets trap air (from moving)
accept has air pockets do not accept stops heat moving or traps heat
foam is a poor conductor
air in the foam is a good insulator
accept air is a good insulator in air pockets for both marks 2
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(d) evaporation (of the water)
do not accept rain is cold 1
takes energy from the house
accept takes heat away or higher energy molecules leave first
1
[8]
M16. (i) gravitational or potential
do not accept stored 1
light
credit solar 1
kinetic or movement
credit moving 1
chemical 1
(ii) any one from
gas
coal 1
(iii) any one from
oil
do not accept petrol or paraffin
peat or turf nuclear
credit coal or gas if not given as answer to part (ii) do not accept wood or fossil fuel or chemical
1
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[6]
M17. (i) D, C or B, in either order, then A
tick or cross on the A 1
(ii) matt absorbs energy (better than shiny)
the converse arguments are acceptable 1
black absorbs energy (better than white) 1
[3]
M18. (a) mark independently
(from) gravitational
accept potential do not credit stored
1
(to) kinetic
accept movement 1
(b) advantage
* the current can be low (for the same power) * less energy or heat loss or power loss
accept the cables do not have to be (so) thick
accept less cost to support higher (rather than heavier) cables
accept aluminium can be used and aluminium is cheaper than copper
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do not credit efficient or cheaper
do not credit no loss of energy
do not credit electricity loss 2
disadvantage
* it is difficult to insulate high voltage * pylons have to be taller and so more expensive
...to give a good separation between them and the ground /people/high vehicles
or ... to prevent/reduce the danger of electric shock or lethal
do not credit dangerous
do not credit get a shock
do not credit reference to step down transformers or electromagnetic field
2
[6]
M19. (a) insulation
allow example e.g fibreglass 1
double glazing
allow curtains 1
draught excluder
allow double glazing / close fitting door
allow turning down thermostat once only / turn down the heating
1
(b) transfers more useful energy
allow converts more energy into light / less into heat / less energy wasted
1
[4]
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M20. (a) D 1
(b) C 1
(c) B 1
[3]
M21. (i) absorbed by water / water heated 1
hot water heats (rest of) food / idea of particle vibration 1
(ii) 300 000 000 / 3 × 108
correct answer with no working = 2 allow 1 mark for s = f x w or correct working i.e., 10000 (000000) × 0.03 N.B. correct answer from incorrectly recalled relationship / substitution = 0
2
[4]
M22. (a) any two successive peaks labelled W
accept any 2 points on same part of adjacent waves correct by eye
1
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half „height‟ of wave labelled A
correct by eye N.B. at least one of the answers must be labelled
1
(b) 0.2
correct answer with no working = 2 allow 1 mark for s = f x w or correct working i.e., 2 × 0.1 N.B. correct answer from incorrectly recalled relationship = 0
2
m/s (unit)
independent mark do not allow mps or mHz 1
[5]
M23. Read all the answer first. See below.
Mark the first two advantages and disadvantages (√ or X) ignoring
neutral answers. Only allow a third advantage if there is only one disadvantage given. Only allow a third disadvantage if only one advantage is given.
max. 3 advantages (e.g. cheap fuel, good availability, saving fossil fuels, low running costs, reliable, more energy / kg, less fuel needed, no greenhouse gases emitted, no SO2 causing acid rain)
max. 3 disadvantages (e.g. danger to health of local community, non renewable, high cost of decommissioning, long half life of waste materials, need for safe storage of waste, high cost of commissioning, danger involved in transporting fuel / waste)
max. 4 marks [4]
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M24. …….. conduction …….. convection …….. insulation …….. radiation
for 1 mark each [4]
M25. (a) (i) …….. light …… electrical 2
for 1 mark each
(ii) …….. electrical……chemical
for 1 mark each 2
(iii) …….. electrical ….. kinetic
for 1 mark each 2
(b) (i) 1500 / 10
gains 1 mark 1
but 150
gains 2 marks 1
(ii) heat (thermal) or sound
for 1 mark 1
[9]
M26. (a) number of complete vibrations per second
for 1 mark 1
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(b) (i) correct trace (more waves), ignore amplitude
for 1 mark 1
(ii) correct trace (higher amplitude), ignore frequency
for 1 mark 1
(c) (i) higher
for 1 mark 1
(ii) quieter
for 1 mark 1
[5]
M27. (a) (i) hot water rises (not heat)
for 1 mark
due to convection currents or water expands/becomes less dense on heating or less dense water rises
any for 1 mark 2
(ii) inside hotter (than outside)
for 1 mark 1
(iii) (heat transfer by) conduction
for 1 mark 1
(iv) surround/cover/insulate tank with poor conductor or named insulator
for 1 mark each 2
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(b) (i) air is an insulator/poor conductor
for 1 mark 1
(ii) convection stopped foam is an insulator/poor conductor
for 1 mark each 2
[9]
M28. (a) (i) Carries heat up (as convection current) 1
(ii) (1) By conduction or from molecule to molecule (2) By radiation or as IR
2
(iii) Use shiny surface (inside or outside) or small area 1
(b) (i) Rise more quickly 1
(ii) Dull surface good absorber (accept “attract” = “absorb” if context correct, then penalise spg mark.
Shiny surface poor absorber 2
(c) (i) Fall more quickly 1
(ii) Dull surface good emitter Shiny surface poor emitter
2
[10]
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M29. (a) (i) Microphone 1
(ii) Loudspeaker 1
(b) (i) By radio waves
(ii) By electrical vibrations or a.c.
(iii) By light waves
for 1 mark each 3
(c) Quieter (not softer/lower) 1
[6]
M30. (a) Sun Any valid
for 1 mark each 2
(b) From electric/pe or chemical in battery
for 1 mark
to ke, light, sound, heat
3 for 1 mark each 4
(c) Gravitational pe OR just pe For any gravity feed OR Elastic pe any valid OR Food For maintaining body/life etc. OR Any descriptive answer e.g. water in a high lake used to produce hydroelectric power
2 for 1 mark each
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2
[8]
M31. (i) reduces
for 1 mark 1
(ii) less heat/energy/power wasted (in power lines)
for 1 mark 1
(iii) for safety
for 1 mark 1
[3]
M32. (a) plastic/glass walls; vacuum; insulating top
any two for 1 mark each 2
(b) silvering/shiny on either wall
for 1 mark 1
[3]
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M33. (a) 60
for 1 mark 1
(b) electrical to light
gains 1 mark
but electricity to light and heat
gains 2 mark
anything to heat and light
gains 1 mark 2
(c) (unwanted) heat produced
for 1 mark 1
[4]
M34. (a) (i) sources of energy
for 1 mark
(ii) wood coal oil gas
all correct gains 2 marks 3 correct gains 1 mark
3
(b) geothermal nuclear tides wind solar
all correct gains 2 marks 4 correct gains 1 mark
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2
(c) non-renewable fuels cause pollution (or reverse) conserve/limit use of coal/gas/oil; so supplies last longer/renewable sources can be replaced
any 2 from 4 for 1 mark each 2
[7]
M35. (a) (i) sources of energy
for 1 mark
(ii) wood coal oil gas
all correct gains 2 marks 3 correct gains 1 mark
3
(b) geothermal nuclear tides wind solar
all correct gains 2 marks 4 correct gains 1 mark
2
(c) non-renewable fuels cause pollution (or reverse) conserve/limit use of coal/gas/oil; so supplies last longer/renewable sources can be replaced
any 2 from 4 for 1 mark each 2
[7]
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