phytophthora ramorum and phytophthora kernoviae · causes sudden oak death in usa. ... origin...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Phytophthora ramorum and
Phytophthora kernoviae
![Page 2: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
05/04/20112
Phytophthora ramorum
Causes sudden oak death in USA
First found in Britain in 2002
In Britain until 2009 found on ornamental shrubs in nurseries, gardens, parks in England
Since 2007 found in western Scotland on ornamental shrubs
Rhododendron is a major host – spore production and spread
![Page 3: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
05/04/20113
Pr on beech
Until 2009:On trees Pr causes bleeding stem cankers as well as leaf and shoot infections
![Page 4: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
05/04/20114
Bleeding lesions on beech
Inoculum from rhododendrons
Pr
spread to
beech
![Page 5: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
05/04/20115
Pr
on larch in England
In 2009
Pr reported on Japanese larch in SW England
First finding of infections on Japanese larch
Pr now confirmed on JL at ~70 sites in southern England
Impact on other conifer spp. growing locally (WH, DF, GF)
Removal of larch from FC plantations in West Country
![Page 6: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Infected maturing larch commonly 20-25m tall
Young larch (5-8 yr) probably infected from the mature larch
![Page 7: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
05/04/20117
Multiple stem cankers on larch
![Page 8: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
05/04/20118
Pr produces spores on foliage –
important source of inoculum
allowing aerial spread of the disease –
felling of infected trees essential
Pr foliar symptoms on larch
![Page 9: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
05/04/20119
Spores on larch needles
![Page 10: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
05/04/201110
Pr distribution on larch in UK
In 2010
Pr found on Japanese larch in Wales, Northern Ireland and one site in Scotland
Surveys and river baiting in SW Scotland currently
![Page 11: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Regenerating hemlock (4-10yr) amongst young larch
Dieback and resinosis
![Page 12: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
05/04/201112
Stem symptoms on 5-7 y Douglas fir
![Page 13: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
05/04/201113
Compare sporulation on JL with R. ponticum, Vaccinium, sweet chestnut, bay laurel –
sporangia and chlamydospores
produced
Compare bark susceptibility of JL, hybrid larch and EL
Persistence of P. ramorum on infected sites
Better/faster diagnostic methods, to assess the presence of the pathogen in samples, logs, residues
Ongoing and future research
![Page 14: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
05/04/201114
Phytophthora kernoviae
Discovered in woodlands in Cornwall in 2003
Known only in Britain and New Zealand, origin unknown
Infects Rhododendron and other shrubs and can cause lethal stem cankers on beech
In 2008 found in the west of Scotland (mild, moist climatic conditions)
![Page 15: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
05/04/201115
SW England P. kernoviae site
![Page 16: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
05/04/201116
Phytophthora kernoviae
In 2008-09
found infecting Vaccinium in Cornwall and on Arran
Causes necrotic lesions, stem dieback and death of above-ground parts
![Page 17: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
05/04/201117
Pk
infection of Vaccinium
![Page 18: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Suitability of the UK climate for Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae
![Page 19: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae · Causes sudden oak death in USA. ... origin unknown. ... although infections rarely progressed leaf to leaf and through stem\爀屮Erica](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5aeb1eea7f8b9ab24d8e5627/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
05/04/201119
P. ramorum and
P. kernoviae
• Status report for Scotland available on FC website
• Pr is a quarantine pest and presence on infected shrubs/trees must be reported, Pk
treated as
such in Britain
• Regular inspections and surveys of nurseries/gardens/woodland
• Infected trees must be felled, foliage destroyed and surrounding area surveyed
• Biosecurity
measures in place at infected sites