Report n° 149/part II - 2016

GUIDELINES FOR MARINA DESIGN

PIANC

The World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure

GUIDELINES FOR MARINA DESIGN

PIANC REPORT N° 149/part IIRECREATIONAL NAVIGATION COMMISSION

PIANC

2016

The World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure

PIANC REPORT N° 149/part IIRECREATIONAL NAVIGATION COMMISSION

PIANC has Technical Commissions concerned with inland waterways and ports (InCom), coastal and ocean waterways (including ports and harbours) (MarCom), environmental aspects (EnviCom) and sport and pleasure navigation (RecCom).

This report has been produced by an international Working Group convened by theRec-reational Navigation Commission RecCom). Members of the Working Group represent several countries and are acknowledged experts in their profession.

The objective of this report is to provide information and recommendations on good practice. Conformity is not obligatory and engineering judgement should be used in its application, especially in special circumstances. This report should be seen as an expert guidance and state of the art on this particular subject. PIANC disclaims all responsibility in case this report should be presented as an official standard.

PIANC Secrétariat GénéralBoulevard du Roi Albert II 20, B 3

B-1000 BruxellesBelgique

http://www.pianc.org

VAT BE 408-287-945

ISBN 978-2-87223-236-9

© All rights reserved

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PART 2

5 - Marina Protection and Coastal Aspects – J. Cox, E. Ciralli

Plan of the entire report – in bold the parts already published PART 1 - CHAPTERS: 1 - Scope and General (Elio Ciralli, Esteban Biondi, Sip Meijer, Thomas Pehlke) 2 - Recommended Design Approach (Mike Chemaly, Esteban Biondi, Sip Meijer) 3 - Surveys and Investigations (A. Capote) 4 - Vessels characteristics (Simon Burchett, Thomas Pehlke) PART 2 - CHAPTER: 5 - Marina Protection and Coastal Aspects (Jack Cox, Elio Ciralli) PART 3 – CHAPTERS: 6 - Master plan development 7 - Layout of water areas 8 - Layout of land side facilities PART 4 – CHAPTERS: 9 - Design criteria and loading conditions 10 - Berthing systems 11 - Utilities 12 - Materials 13 - Aids to navigation 14 - Emergency equipment PART 5 – CHAPTERS: 15. Disabled access 16. Superyacht 17. Operations and maintenance 18. Environmental issues and sustainability 19. Architecture and Landscaping 20. References, standards and bibliography

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Scope and General ...................................................................................................................5

Forewords ..................................................................................................................5 Terms of Reference ...................................................................................................5

Historical Background – Definition of the Problem ....................................................5 Objective of the Study ...............................................................................................5 Earlier Reports to be Reviewed ................................................................................5 Matters to be Investigated .........................................................................................5 Method of Approach ..................................................................................................6 Suggested Final Product of the Working Group .......................................................6 Desirable Disciplines of the Members of the Working Group ...................................6 Relevance for Countries in Transition .......................................................................6

Composition of RecCom WG 149 .............................................................................6 Chapters and their Authors ........................................................................................6 Information about the Contributing Members of WG 149 to the Parts Already

Published ..............................................................................................................7 Final Editing Committee.............................................................................................8 Meetings ....................................................................................................................8

Introduction ................................................................................................................8 Aim of the Report .......................................................................................................8 Marinas ......................................................................................................................8 The Marina Designer .................................................................................................9 Report Writing Approach ........................................................................................ 10 Audience ................................................................................................................. 10 Brief History ............................................................................................................ 10 Structure of Report ................................................................................................. 11 Related Documents ................................................................................................ 11

PIANC Reports ....................................................................................................... 12 International Marina Design Standards and Guidelines ......................................... 13 Other Comprehensive Marina Design Publications ............................................... 14

Disclaimers ............................................................................................................. 14 2 Recommended Design Approach .......................................................................................... 14

Please refer to WG 149 – Part 1 ............................................................................ 14 3 Surveys and Investigations .................................................................................................... 14

Please refer to WG 149 – Part 1 ............................................................................ 14 4 Vessels characteristics ........................................................................................................... 14

Please refer to WG 149 – Part 1 ............................................................................ 14 5 Marina Protection and Coastal Aspects ................................................................................. 16

Introduction ............................................................................................................. 16 Design Criteria ........................................................................................................ 16

Risk ......................................................................................................................... 16 Wave Property Calculations ................................................................................... 19 Currents .................................................................................................................. 21 Water Levels ........................................................................................................... 21

Small Craft Harbour Entrances ............................................................................... 23 Offshore Approach Corridors .................................................................................. 23 Entrance Orientations ............................................................................................. 26 Entrance Channel Depths....................................................................................... 28 Allowable Turns ...................................................................................................... 29

Basin Agitation ........................................................................................................ 30 Entrance Diffraction Patterns .................................................................................. 30

Berthing Tranquillity ................................................................................................ 33 Harbour Resonance ................................................................................................ 37 Breakwaters and Attenuators ................................................................................. 43

Wave Structure Interaction ..................................................................................... 43 Harbour Wave Protection ....................................................................................... 45

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Fixed Breakwaters .................................................................................................. 45 Wave Transmission over Structures ....................................................................... 47

Alternative Fixed Breakwaters ................................................................................ 50 Wave Reflection Control ......................................................................................... 55

Breakwater Armour Design..................................................................................... 56 Armour Placement and Construction ...................................................................... 58 Armour Stone Shape and Size ............................................................................... 58 Armour Quality ........................................................................................................ 58 Crest Sizing ............................................................................................................ 59

Floating Wave Attenuators ..................................................................................... 60 Floating Attenuator Performance ............................................................................ 60

Influences to and from the Coastline ...................................................................... 62 Basics on Coastal Morphology ............................................................................... 63

Coastal Hydrodynamics ......................................................................................... 64 Sediments .............................................................................................................. 64 Sediment Transport ................................................................................................ 65 Physiographic Unit and Sediment Budget .............................................................. 65 The Littoral Zone and Actions on Sediments ......................................................... 67 Littoral Drift ............................................................................................................. 68 Closure Depth ........................................................................................................ 70

Basics on Coastal Processes and Landforms ........................................................ 71 Potential Effects of Coastal Works on Shoreline ................................................... 74

Studies and Models ................................................................................................ 75 Typical Technical Report for Marina Planning and Design .................................... 75 Importance of Reliable Modelling ........................................................................... 76

Physical Modelling .................................................................................................. 77 Mathematical Modelling .......................................................................................... 79 Modelling Water Levels, Storm Surges and Tides ................................................. 79 Modelling Waves Propagation and Transformation ............................................... 80 Modelling Harbours and Other Coastal Works....................................................... 83 Modelling Coastal Water Circulation ...................................................................... 83 Modelling Water-Structure Interaction .................................................................... 84 Modelling Beach Response ................................................................................... 84 Modelling Flushing and Water Quality ................................................................... 85

Open Source Models .............................................................................................. 86 Composite Modelling .............................................................................................. 87

Resources for Coastal Engineers ........................................................................... 88 Websites ................................................................................................................. 88 Forums .................................................................................................................... 88 Glossaries ............................................................................................................... 88 References ............................................................................................................. 88