Pic Connection Definition Term

1. Command economy

2. Collectives

3. Kulaks4. gulag

13-4 Vocabulary13-4 Vocabulary

Today’s StandardToday’s Standard10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian 10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian

governments after World War I. governments after World War I.

3.3. Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits. especially their common and dissimilar traits.

Topic – Stalin’s Soviet UnionTopic – Stalin’s Soviet Union

How did Stalin maintain his power over the Soviet How did Stalin maintain his power over the Soviet Union? Explain how his tactics were similar to Union? Explain how his tactics were similar to

Mussolini’s and Hitlers.Mussolini’s and Hitlers.Essential QuestionEssential Question

Chapter 13, Section Chapter 13, Section 44

The Soviet The Soviet Union Under Union Under

StalinStalin

Stalin Becomes Stalin Becomes DictatorDictator

After Lenin dies (1924), After Lenin dies (1924), Trotsky & Stalin Trotsky & Stalin compete for powercompete for power

1928: Stalin has total 1928: Stalin has total command command of Communist Party of Communist Party

Focus on Soviet Focus on Soviet developmentdevelopment

Communism Under StalinCommunism Under Stalin

Karl MarkKarl Mark Communism Communism = no central = no central governmentgovernment

• Stalin Stalin communism = communism = Totalitarian Totalitarian governmentgovernment

• TotalitarianismTotalitarianism = = total control over every total control over every aspect of public & aspect of public & private lifeprivate life

• Seems secure & Seems secure & stable, but no stable, but no freedomfreedom

Economy Under Economy Under StalinStalin Command EconomyCommand Economy = Gov’t. = Gov’t.

controlledcontrolled

5 Year Plan5 Year Plan rapid industrialization & rapid industrialization &

strengthening of national defensestrengthening of national defense Increase output of steel, coal, Increase output of steel, coal,

oil, etc. by limiting production oil, etc. by limiting production of consumer goodsof consumer goods

Improving transportationImproving transportation Increasing farm out-putIncreasing farm out-put

Jobs, workers, & hours decided by Jobs, workers, & hours decided by gov’tgov’t

Secret police (Cheka) enforced Secret police (Cheka) enforced with imprisonment or executionwith imprisonment or executionThe development of transport is one The development of transport is one

of the most important tasks for the of the most important tasks for the implementation of the five year plan.implementation of the five year plan.

““Industrialism is the Path to Socialism” Industrialism is the Path to Socialism” As this 1928 poster proclaims, Stalin’s As this 1928 poster proclaims, Stalin’s

government saw rapid industrialization as government saw rapid industrialization as the key to the success of the Soviet the key to the success of the Soviet

Union. Union.

Soviet Postcard of Worker Holding Soviet Postcard of Worker Holding Five-Year PlanFive-Year Plan Postcard states Postcard states

that "with honor, we will fulfill that "with honor, we will fulfill and fulfill again Stalin's new and fulfill again Stalin's new

Five Year Plan".Five Year Plan".

Results of 5 Year Results of 5 Year PlanPlan

1928-1939 huge growth 1928-1939 huge growth in industryin industry

Working men and Working men and women had little to women had little to showshow

Standard of living Standard of living remained lowremained low

Low quality goods Low quality goods Wages were low and Wages were low and

workers were not allowed workers were not allowed to striketo strike

a woman and her son search for food during the famine. Describe

the effect of Stalin’s ruthless policies on the production of oats,

wheat, and potatoes.

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution Creation ofCreation of Collective Farms Collective Farms::

Government-ownedGovernment-owned Produce food for the StateProduce food for the State

People resisted collectivization People resisted collectivization by killing farm animals, by killing farm animals, destroying tools and burning destroying tools and burning cropscrops KulaksKulaks = wealthy peasants; = wealthy peasants;

thousands executed or sent thousands executed or sent to campsto camps

Resistance continued 10 Resistance continued 10 million died due to famine; million died due to famine; millions more sent to Siberiamillions more sent to Siberia

'We will keep out Kulaks from the 'We will keep out Kulaks from the Collective farms' - 1930. Collective farms' - 1930. 

Weapons of TotalitarianismWeapons of Totalitarianism Police Terror Police Terror

Gulags – brutal labor campsGulags – brutal labor camps Secret police Secret police

Propaganda Propaganda

IndoctrinationIndoctrination

Censorship Censorship

Religious PersecutionReligious Persecution pogromspogroms

Entering Gulag (a leaf fromEufrosinia Kersnovskava’s notebook)

Soviet Propaganda Soviet Propaganda PostersPosters

Long Live the Great Stalin!!

The Giants of the Five Year Plan

“The results of the Five Year Plan show that the working class is not only capable of destroying the old, but also of building the new”

The Great Purge The Great Purge 1934 – 19391934 – 1939

Targets of Purge includedTargets of Purge included Early Bolshevik revolutionariesEarly Bolshevik revolutionaries Military heroesMilitary heroes Anyone who became a threatAnyone who became a threat

At least 4 million people executedAt least 4 million people executed Results Results

Increased Stalin's PowerIncreased Stalin's Power Hurt the government because so Hurt the government because so

many important people were many important people were executed.executed.Portrait of Lev Borisovich KamenevPortrait of Lev Borisovich Kamenev Lev Borisovich Kamenev Lev Borisovich Kamenev (1883-1936) became a Communist revolutionary at a young age (1883-1936) became a Communist revolutionary at a young age and rose through the ranks to become a prominent member of and rose through the ranks to become a prominent member of the Politburo in Russia. He was executed on Stalin's orders in the Politburo in Russia. He was executed on Stalin's orders in

the Great Purge.the Great Purge.

WomenWomen

Won equal rightsWon equal rights Did same job as Did same job as

menmen More educational More educational

opportunitiesopportunities Also expected to Also expected to

produce offspring produce offspring for future for future obedient citizensobedient citizens

This woman is one of the workers This woman is one of the workers charged with the job of constructing a charged with the job of constructing a giant tractor plant in Byelorussia as part giant tractor plant in Byelorussia as part of Stalin's new "Five Year Plan".of Stalin's new "Five Year Plan".

PropagandaPropaganda

Propaganda: biased or incomplete info Propaganda: biased or incomplete info used to sway people beliefs or actionsused to sway people beliefs or actions radio, movies, theaters, schools, billboards, radio, movies, theaters, schools, billboards,

posters, newspapers w/ communist posters, newspapers w/ communist propaganda propaganda

Why?Why? to control the hearts and minds of peopleto control the hearts and minds of people Censored opposing ideas, Censored opposing ideas, Make Stalin godlike Make Stalin godlike

Stalin propaganda poster, reading: "Beloved Stalin—good fortune of the people!"