Muscle Action and Function Review

• With your arm show me elbow extension• With your arm show me shoulder abduction• What does the prefix “ab” mean? What is another

word that starts with this prefix?

• With your arm show me elbow flexion• With your arm show me shoulder adduction• What does the prefix “ad” mean? What is another

word that starts with this prefix?

• What are the four functions of the muscular system?

Bell Ringer

• With a Partner (2 people to a group ONLY)…• Complete the Muscle Action and Joint Activity• We will go over the directions together prior to you

beginning the worksheet.• The worksheet will be worth 10 points.• While you may work with a partner, you need to complete your OWN

worksheet. Please make sure to put your name first on the worksheet.

Muscle action and Joint Activity

• In Pairs…• Look at the picture and identify the following information…

• Type of muscle action occurring• Common name of the joint that the movement is occurring at• The type of joint that the movement is occurring at• The medical name for the bones that create that joint.

• Example:# Picture Muscle Action Common

Joint NameType of

JointMedical

Name for Bones at

Joint

1. Thumb Abduction

Thumb Joint Saddle Joint

Metacarpal and

Phalange

Skeletal Muscle:

Names, Location, and Function

Objectives

• Content Objective: The students will be able to arrange the fourteen skeletal muscles on the diagram of a human body using information from muscle descriptions located around the room.

• Language Objective: The students will be able to select the important information from muscle description stations by arranging the key information in a table on a worksheet.

Tendons and Ligaments

Tendons and ligaments

Tendons

• A fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.• Tough yet flexible• Tendons purpose is to move

the bone

Ligaments• A fibrous connective tissue that

attaches bone to bone• Serves to hold structures together

and keep them stable – particularly at the joint

• Slightly elastic so they can be stretched and gradually lengthen, increasing flexibility• Double jointed refers to people who

have highly elastic ligaments

What ligaments have you heard of?

What Tendons Have you heard of?

Origin vs. InsertionOrigin

• Immovable point of attachment of a muscle to a bone.• Does not change its

shape when the muscle moves• A muscle contracts

toward it• Typically higher on the

bone

Insertion

• Muscle attachment to a moveable bone.• Does not change its

shape when the muscle moves• Has the greatest motion

when the muscle contracts• Typically lower on the

bone

Muscle Name, Location, and Function Stations

• You can complete this activity with a partner or you may work on it alone.• Whether you choose to work with a partner or not you will each

complete your own worksheet.

• There are 14 muscles pictured and described on papers around the room.• Read the paper and identify on your worksheet

• 1. The name of the muscle• 2. The location of the muscle• 3. The function of the muscle• 4. Come up with an exercise you can do to strengthen that muscle (think of our

warm-up in Physical Education)

• On the back of your worksheet draw and label each muscle on the person

Muscle Name, Location, and Function Stations Cont.• You will have 2 minutes at each station. We will all move at the same time.• Discuss the following questions with your partner or

think about them on your own…• 1. How is the function (movement) of the muscle effected

by the joint?• 2. What everyday movements do you do using that

muscle?• 3. In your opinion, which muscle is functionally (used for

everyday tasks) the most important and provide evidence using the information you read and the everyday movements that you came up with.

Trapezius2. Trapezius

a) Location: Base of neck, down the spine, across the back of the shoulder

b) Function: Raises the shoulder

c) Origin: Occipital bone (cranium) and cervical/thoracic vertebrae

d) Insertion: Clavicle/Scapula

Muscles Skeleton – In Notes Packet

1. Deltoida) Location:

Shoulder/Upper Most Arm

b) Function: Lifts the whole arm

c) Origin: Clavicle and Scapula

d) Insertion: Humerus

Biceps3. Biceps

a) Location: Front of upper arm

b) Function: Bends elbows, lifts lower arm

c) Origin: Scapulad) Insertion: Radius and

Ulna

Triceps4. Triceps

a) Location: Back of the upper arm

b) Function: Straightens the elbow

c) Origin: Humerus and Scapula

d) Insertion: Ulna

Pectoralis Major5.) Pectoralis Major

a) Location: Chest Muscleb) Function: Moves the

shoulder and arm towards the chesta) Pushes

c) Origin: Sternum and Second through Sixth Rib

d) Insertion: Clavicle and the Humerus

Latissimus Dorsi6. Latissimus Dorsi

a) Location: Down spine, across the back armpit

b) Function: Pulls arm toward back

c) Origin: Thoracic/Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Pelvis, and four most inferior ribs

d) Insertion: Back of Humerus

Gluteus Maximus7. Gluteus Maximus

a) Location: Buttocksb) Function: Straightens

the leg at the hipc) Origin: Pelvis, Sacrum

and Coccyxd) Insertion: Femur

Abdominals8. Abodominals

a) Location: Stomach areab) Function: Flexes the

trunk (sit-up)c) Origin: Thoracic

Diaphragmd) Insertion: Pelvis and

between the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum

Hamstrings9. Hamstrings

a) Location: Back of thighb) Function: Bends the

knee and strengthens leg at hip

c) Origin: Underneath the gluteus maximus and the pelvic bone

d) Insertion: Tibia

Quadriceps10.Quadriceps

a) Location: Front of thighb) Function: Straightens

the knee, raises the leg at the hip

c) Origin: Femur/pelvisd) Insertion: Patella

Sartorius11.Sartorius

a) Location: Outer thigh at hip, across the thigh to the inside of the lower leg at the top of the knee

b) Function: Rotates the thigh

c) Origin: Pelvisd) Insertion: Inside of the

tibia

**Longest muscle

Gastrocnemius12.Gastrocnemius

a) Location: Calf muscle, Back of lower leg

b) Function: Raises you up on your toes

c) Origin: Femurd) Insertion: Achilles

tendon to the heel

Anterior Tibialis13.Anterior Tibilias

a) Location: Front of the lower leg

b) Function: Pulls foot up towards lower leg

c) Origin: Tibiad) Insertion: Foot

Sternocleidomastoid14.Sternocleidomastoid

a) Location: Neckb) Function: Turns the head

side to sidec) Origin: Inside part of the

clavicled) Insertion: Temporal

bone (cranium)

Antagonist Muscles• What does the word antagonist mean?

• What does it mean to antagonize your little brother or sister?

• Definition: Works against, in opposition to.• Antagonist Muscles – A muscle that works in opposition

to another muscle.

• Muscle Examples:• Biceps and Triceps• Quadriceps and Hamstrings• Gastrocnemius and Anterior Tibialis

Slightly Disturbing Human Body Facts