pigments nanocomposites

7/28/2019 Pigments Nanocomposites

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GlossGloss

Specular Reflection(Mirror-like Reflection) Diffuse Reflection

Gloss

Gloss is determined by the difference between



Effect of Particle Shape &Effect of Particle Shape &Alignment on GlossAlignment on Gloss

glossy flat

alignment of pigments during drying

glossy flat



60 Degree Gloss

Talc / CaCO3

Mica / CaCO3BaSO4 / CaCO3

Epoxy / Cymel

Control - CaCO3

EG-44 / CaCO3

Kaogloss 90 / CaCO3

Vinyl Acrylic

Acrylic

Urethane Acrylic

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

Control - EVCL

Gloss Value



85 Degree Gloss

Dolomite / CaCO3

Talc / CaCO3

Mica / CaCO3

BaSO4 / CaCO3

Epoxy / Cymel

Control - CaCO3

EG-44 / CaCO3

Kaogloss 90 / CaCO3

Vinyl Acrylic

Acrylic

Urethane Acrylic

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00

Control - EVCL

c

Gloss Value



What is Nanotechnology?• Nanotechnolo is the understandin and control of

matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers,where unique phenomena enable novel applications….-…………… ,

engineering and technology; nanotechnology involves

imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulatingma er a s eng sca e.

(www.nano.gov)

• ASTM Subcommittee E56.01, “Standard Terminology Relatingto Nanotechnology”, 2008,http://www.astm.org/Standards/E2456.htm



•Size and refractive index of particles are

important•Nanoparticles are smaller than the wavelength of

visible light; reduces chance of light scattering



Surface Area

Volume = 4/3*π*r 3 Surface area = 4*π*r 2

• 1 gram of TiO2 Volume = 0.25 cm3

ar c ediameter

(nm)

ar c esper gram

ur acearea per

gram (m2)

ur ace Area /

Volume

200 6 x 1013 7.5 1.8 x 1012

x . x

2 6 x 1019 750 1.8 x 1020



u s ur ace roper esu s ur ace roper es

Bulk properties are not scalable to nanoscale



Interfacial Material Content

Particle Diameter

nm

Interfacial 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.22

10 nm Interfacial Layer

Dispersed particle volume fraction is 0.3 in all cases



Nanocomposite CharacteristicsExtensive interfacial area

103 to 104 m2/ml

Large number density of particles 106 to 108 particles/m3

Low percollation threshold

~0.1 – 2 volume%Short distance between particles

~0.1 – 2 volume%

u mater a propert es not sca a e

Optical clarity



Interfacial Material Pro erties

o ymer mo ecu es a n er ace ur actants at water a r nter ace



Glass Transition in Nanocomposites• “Thermo-mechanical properties of LLDPE/SiO2 nanocomposites”, E.

ontou an . iaounsi is, o ymer, , , - g ncreases

of 25 to 30oC observed with up to 10% nano silica

• “ -Nanocomposites”, B. J . Ash, R. W. Siegel, and L. S. Schadler, J .Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys., 42, 4371, 2004. – Nano alumina /PMMA com osites. 25oC dro in T with less than 1% 38nm and0.5% 17 nm. Up to 10% further addition did not lead toadditional Tg reductions



Cla /Pol mer NanoCla /Pol mer Nano--com ositescom osites

NanocompositesTo ota/Ube 1980’s

70% higher tensile

modulus 125% higher flexural

modulus

temperature increased

from 65 oC to 152 oC Epoxy / Layered Silicate (Vaia –

Materials Today, 2004)



Layered Structure of Vermiculite ClayLayered Structure of Vermiculite Clay

X-ray diffraction pattern

•Pinnavaia, T.J., and Beall and G.W. (Ed.), “Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites”, Wiley (2000)

•Gao F., Materials Today, November 2004

• , . . , . ., ,



NanoNano--Clays: BenefitsClays: Benefits

Barrier

as, a er, e c.

Anti-Corrosion

Fire Retardancy

Mechanical Pro erties

Microcomposite

Aspect Ratio

25:1

Aspect Ratio

250:1



In-Situ Generation of Nanophases

TEOS Hydrolysis/condensation



SolSol--Gel Hybrid NanoGel Hybrid Nano--CompositeComposite

Si

OCH3

-OCH2CH2CHCH2H3CO

OCH3O

OC HO

+ +

Si

OC2H5C2H5OO

CO

C

O

GPTMOS

Inor anic / Or anic Nanocom osite



Nano articecles: Current Availabilit

oat ng roperty anomater a

Anti-microbial CuO ; TiO2 ; ZnO

as arr er anoc ays

Corrosion Nanoclays, boehmite

Electrical Conductivity, Static Charge ITO, ATO, SnO2

Fire Retardant Nanoclays

IR-Absorption/Reflection ITO, ATO, TiO2, In2O3

Magnetic Fe2O3

Mechanical, Scratch Resistance Al2O3; SiO2; ZrO2

Photocatal sis, self-cleanin TiO ; ZnO

UV stability TiO2 ; ZnO; BaSO4; CeO2



Low Solids PU

100

80

90

n t i o n ( 2 0 o )

60

70

l o s s R e t e

Alumina C

Alumina D

40

50 % Silica A

. . . .

Nanopart icle Content (Wt.%)



Lotus EffectLotus Effect

Rainwater cleans lotus leaves because of their bumpy surface.

, .,

Barthlott et al., Annals of Botany (1997)



Contact AngleContact Angle –– WettingWetting

- Contact Angle

Zero Contact Angle

& Spreading



Nano-Structuring Methods Transformation of a Simple Plastic into a SuperhydrophobicSurface

Erbil, Demirel, Avci, and Mert, Science, Vol 299, Issue 5611, 1377-1380 , 28 February 2003

-.

angle of 104° ± 2°. The i-PP film was prepared by melting at 200°C between two glass

slides and crystallizing at 100°C. (B) The profile of a water drop on a

superhydrophobic i-PP coating on a glass slide that has a contact angle of 160°. The i-

PP was dissolved in a 60% p-xylene/40% MEK mixture by volume at an initialconcentration of 20 mg/ml at 100°C. The solvent mixture was evaporated at 70°C in a

vacuum oven. The morphology of the i-PP coating is shown in Fig. 4.

. . an i-PP coating

obtained using the

nonsolvent MEK as

described in Fig. 1B



Photocatalytic TiO2 Nanoparticle

pp ca on

-

Antibacterial Activity

Super hydrophilicity Anti-fogging activity



Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Latex Polymers

• BASF COL.9 Nano-binder (Example) – Herbol German Fa ade coatin

– Major US Paint Manufacturer

– -

– Composition: Nano-silica embedded in polymer

latex article durin s nthesis

• Avoids dispersion by formulator

• Minimum interference with polymer particle

coalescence

pigments nanocomposites

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