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Pilot activity to identify sources and flow
patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg
to the Baltic Sea
Vladimir Nikiforov
Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences Saint-Petersburg Scientific-Research Centre for Ecological
Safety RAS (SRCES RAS)
SRCES RAS
Sources of legacy pollutants
Little household waste
Sources of emerging pollutants
Little Industrial waste
Project in brief
bull Study on WWTP samples (ca 100 samples) bull Sewage water effluent sludge bull Seasonal dynamics (temperature light) bull Weekly dynamics bull Circadian dynamics (light) bull Surface water Neva Gulf of Finland bull Load assessment treatment assessment
consumption correlation
Environmental ndash social science Narcotics in sewage Milano
Name Surname
472014 6
Ettore Zuccato Chiara Chiabrando Sara Castiglioni Renzo Bagnati and Roberto Fanelli Estimating Community Drug Abuse by Wastewater Analysis
Environ Health Perspect 2008 August 116(8) 1027ndash1032 doi 101289ehp11022
Diclofenac
bull Painkiller bull Anti-inflammatory (NSAID) bull Pills injections gelsointments etc
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
bull Semi-synthetic steroidal estrogen bull Oral contraceptive bull Estrogen
Analytical method ndash based on EPA 1694
bull Method 1694 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water Soil Sediment and Biosolids by HPLCMSMS Washington December 2007
bull ca 80 different pharmaceutical substances
LCMS Tandem mass-spectra of Diclofenac Standard solution
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 349 MA 82144975
616 701 884 089 230
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 351 MA 80813508
662 549 789 916 106 205
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
mz
0
10000000
20000000
Inte
nsity
29602
29802
30002 21505 39128 25002 27801 23500 29362 16975 19818 13510 11733 14902 26601 37500 15896 18750 33294 33999 35596 31392 10296
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
mz
0
500000
Inte
nsity
29602 27801
25002 21505
16975 19761 25776 8783 6237 29846 29362 32806 16173 19054 8266 33874 32110 22316 12006 26895 24227 12703 20533 35004 10319 13705
MS1 SIM
MS2HCD 15
MS1 SIM
MS2 HCD 15
NH
OHO
ClCl
NH
ClClNH
Cl Cl
LCMS IT-TOF ESI(-)
-OH -CO -H+ -CO2
mz 29501 precursor
mz 2500196 Ion ndash product (-) mz 2500185 Ion ndash product (+)
mz 293994 Diclofenac
mz 30002 C13-Diclofenac
Ms2 CID E50 ColGas 75
Ethynylestradiol
LTQ Orbitrap
bull Robust Accurate Mass ndash 5 ppm rms external calibration ndash 2 ppm rms internal calibration
bull High Resolution ndash 60000 at mz 400 with a scan
repetition rate of 1 Hz ndash Maximum Resolution gt100000
bull Mass Range ndash 50-2000 200-4000
bull Sub-fmol Sensitivity ( lt 03 pg ) bull MSMS and MSn
bull High Dynamic Range ndash gt2500 within mass spectrum
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
SRCES RAS
Sources of legacy pollutants
Little household waste
Sources of emerging pollutants
Little Industrial waste
Project in brief
bull Study on WWTP samples (ca 100 samples) bull Sewage water effluent sludge bull Seasonal dynamics (temperature light) bull Weekly dynamics bull Circadian dynamics (light) bull Surface water Neva Gulf of Finland bull Load assessment treatment assessment
consumption correlation
Environmental ndash social science Narcotics in sewage Milano
Name Surname
472014 6
Ettore Zuccato Chiara Chiabrando Sara Castiglioni Renzo Bagnati and Roberto Fanelli Estimating Community Drug Abuse by Wastewater Analysis
Environ Health Perspect 2008 August 116(8) 1027ndash1032 doi 101289ehp11022
Diclofenac
bull Painkiller bull Anti-inflammatory (NSAID) bull Pills injections gelsointments etc
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
bull Semi-synthetic steroidal estrogen bull Oral contraceptive bull Estrogen
Analytical method ndash based on EPA 1694
bull Method 1694 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water Soil Sediment and Biosolids by HPLCMSMS Washington December 2007
bull ca 80 different pharmaceutical substances
LCMS Tandem mass-spectra of Diclofenac Standard solution
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 349 MA 82144975
616 701 884 089 230
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 351 MA 80813508
662 549 789 916 106 205
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
mz
0
10000000
20000000
Inte
nsity
29602
29802
30002 21505 39128 25002 27801 23500 29362 16975 19818 13510 11733 14902 26601 37500 15896 18750 33294 33999 35596 31392 10296
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
mz
0
500000
Inte
nsity
29602 27801
25002 21505
16975 19761 25776 8783 6237 29846 29362 32806 16173 19054 8266 33874 32110 22316 12006 26895 24227 12703 20533 35004 10319 13705
MS1 SIM
MS2HCD 15
MS1 SIM
MS2 HCD 15
NH
OHO
ClCl
NH
ClClNH
Cl Cl
LCMS IT-TOF ESI(-)
-OH -CO -H+ -CO2
mz 29501 precursor
mz 2500196 Ion ndash product (-) mz 2500185 Ion ndash product (+)
mz 293994 Diclofenac
mz 30002 C13-Diclofenac
Ms2 CID E50 ColGas 75
Ethynylestradiol
LTQ Orbitrap
bull Robust Accurate Mass ndash 5 ppm rms external calibration ndash 2 ppm rms internal calibration
bull High Resolution ndash 60000 at mz 400 with a scan
repetition rate of 1 Hz ndash Maximum Resolution gt100000
bull Mass Range ndash 50-2000 200-4000
bull Sub-fmol Sensitivity ( lt 03 pg ) bull MSMS and MSn
bull High Dynamic Range ndash gt2500 within mass spectrum
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Sources of legacy pollutants
Little household waste
Sources of emerging pollutants
Little Industrial waste
Project in brief
bull Study on WWTP samples (ca 100 samples) bull Sewage water effluent sludge bull Seasonal dynamics (temperature light) bull Weekly dynamics bull Circadian dynamics (light) bull Surface water Neva Gulf of Finland bull Load assessment treatment assessment
consumption correlation
Environmental ndash social science Narcotics in sewage Milano
Name Surname
472014 6
Ettore Zuccato Chiara Chiabrando Sara Castiglioni Renzo Bagnati and Roberto Fanelli Estimating Community Drug Abuse by Wastewater Analysis
Environ Health Perspect 2008 August 116(8) 1027ndash1032 doi 101289ehp11022
Diclofenac
bull Painkiller bull Anti-inflammatory (NSAID) bull Pills injections gelsointments etc
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
bull Semi-synthetic steroidal estrogen bull Oral contraceptive bull Estrogen
Analytical method ndash based on EPA 1694
bull Method 1694 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water Soil Sediment and Biosolids by HPLCMSMS Washington December 2007
bull ca 80 different pharmaceutical substances
LCMS Tandem mass-spectra of Diclofenac Standard solution
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 349 MA 82144975
616 701 884 089 230
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 351 MA 80813508
662 549 789 916 106 205
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
mz
0
10000000
20000000
Inte
nsity
29602
29802
30002 21505 39128 25002 27801 23500 29362 16975 19818 13510 11733 14902 26601 37500 15896 18750 33294 33999 35596 31392 10296
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
mz
0
500000
Inte
nsity
29602 27801
25002 21505
16975 19761 25776 8783 6237 29846 29362 32806 16173 19054 8266 33874 32110 22316 12006 26895 24227 12703 20533 35004 10319 13705
MS1 SIM
MS2HCD 15
MS1 SIM
MS2 HCD 15
NH
OHO
ClCl
NH
ClClNH
Cl Cl
LCMS IT-TOF ESI(-)
-OH -CO -H+ -CO2
mz 29501 precursor
mz 2500196 Ion ndash product (-) mz 2500185 Ion ndash product (+)
mz 293994 Diclofenac
mz 30002 C13-Diclofenac
Ms2 CID E50 ColGas 75
Ethynylestradiol
LTQ Orbitrap
bull Robust Accurate Mass ndash 5 ppm rms external calibration ndash 2 ppm rms internal calibration
bull High Resolution ndash 60000 at mz 400 with a scan
repetition rate of 1 Hz ndash Maximum Resolution gt100000
bull Mass Range ndash 50-2000 200-4000
bull Sub-fmol Sensitivity ( lt 03 pg ) bull MSMS and MSn
bull High Dynamic Range ndash gt2500 within mass spectrum
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Sources of emerging pollutants
Little Industrial waste
Project in brief
bull Study on WWTP samples (ca 100 samples) bull Sewage water effluent sludge bull Seasonal dynamics (temperature light) bull Weekly dynamics bull Circadian dynamics (light) bull Surface water Neva Gulf of Finland bull Load assessment treatment assessment
consumption correlation
Environmental ndash social science Narcotics in sewage Milano
Name Surname
472014 6
Ettore Zuccato Chiara Chiabrando Sara Castiglioni Renzo Bagnati and Roberto Fanelli Estimating Community Drug Abuse by Wastewater Analysis
Environ Health Perspect 2008 August 116(8) 1027ndash1032 doi 101289ehp11022
Diclofenac
bull Painkiller bull Anti-inflammatory (NSAID) bull Pills injections gelsointments etc
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
bull Semi-synthetic steroidal estrogen bull Oral contraceptive bull Estrogen
Analytical method ndash based on EPA 1694
bull Method 1694 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water Soil Sediment and Biosolids by HPLCMSMS Washington December 2007
bull ca 80 different pharmaceutical substances
LCMS Tandem mass-spectra of Diclofenac Standard solution
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 349 MA 82144975
616 701 884 089 230
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 351 MA 80813508
662 549 789 916 106 205
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
mz
0
10000000
20000000
Inte
nsity
29602
29802
30002 21505 39128 25002 27801 23500 29362 16975 19818 13510 11733 14902 26601 37500 15896 18750 33294 33999 35596 31392 10296
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
mz
0
500000
Inte
nsity
29602 27801
25002 21505
16975 19761 25776 8783 6237 29846 29362 32806 16173 19054 8266 33874 32110 22316 12006 26895 24227 12703 20533 35004 10319 13705
MS1 SIM
MS2HCD 15
MS1 SIM
MS2 HCD 15
NH
OHO
ClCl
NH
ClClNH
Cl Cl
LCMS IT-TOF ESI(-)
-OH -CO -H+ -CO2
mz 29501 precursor
mz 2500196 Ion ndash product (-) mz 2500185 Ion ndash product (+)
mz 293994 Diclofenac
mz 30002 C13-Diclofenac
Ms2 CID E50 ColGas 75
Ethynylestradiol
LTQ Orbitrap
bull Robust Accurate Mass ndash 5 ppm rms external calibration ndash 2 ppm rms internal calibration
bull High Resolution ndash 60000 at mz 400 with a scan
repetition rate of 1 Hz ndash Maximum Resolution gt100000
bull Mass Range ndash 50-2000 200-4000
bull Sub-fmol Sensitivity ( lt 03 pg ) bull MSMS and MSn
bull High Dynamic Range ndash gt2500 within mass spectrum
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Project in brief
bull Study on WWTP samples (ca 100 samples) bull Sewage water effluent sludge bull Seasonal dynamics (temperature light) bull Weekly dynamics bull Circadian dynamics (light) bull Surface water Neva Gulf of Finland bull Load assessment treatment assessment
consumption correlation
Environmental ndash social science Narcotics in sewage Milano
Name Surname
472014 6
Ettore Zuccato Chiara Chiabrando Sara Castiglioni Renzo Bagnati and Roberto Fanelli Estimating Community Drug Abuse by Wastewater Analysis
Environ Health Perspect 2008 August 116(8) 1027ndash1032 doi 101289ehp11022
Diclofenac
bull Painkiller bull Anti-inflammatory (NSAID) bull Pills injections gelsointments etc
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
bull Semi-synthetic steroidal estrogen bull Oral contraceptive bull Estrogen
Analytical method ndash based on EPA 1694
bull Method 1694 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water Soil Sediment and Biosolids by HPLCMSMS Washington December 2007
bull ca 80 different pharmaceutical substances
LCMS Tandem mass-spectra of Diclofenac Standard solution
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 349 MA 82144975
616 701 884 089 230
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 351 MA 80813508
662 549 789 916 106 205
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
mz
0
10000000
20000000
Inte
nsity
29602
29802
30002 21505 39128 25002 27801 23500 29362 16975 19818 13510 11733 14902 26601 37500 15896 18750 33294 33999 35596 31392 10296
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
mz
0
500000
Inte
nsity
29602 27801
25002 21505
16975 19761 25776 8783 6237 29846 29362 32806 16173 19054 8266 33874 32110 22316 12006 26895 24227 12703 20533 35004 10319 13705
MS1 SIM
MS2HCD 15
MS1 SIM
MS2 HCD 15
NH
OHO
ClCl
NH
ClClNH
Cl Cl
LCMS IT-TOF ESI(-)
-OH -CO -H+ -CO2
mz 29501 precursor
mz 2500196 Ion ndash product (-) mz 2500185 Ion ndash product (+)
mz 293994 Diclofenac
mz 30002 C13-Diclofenac
Ms2 CID E50 ColGas 75
Ethynylestradiol
LTQ Orbitrap
bull Robust Accurate Mass ndash 5 ppm rms external calibration ndash 2 ppm rms internal calibration
bull High Resolution ndash 60000 at mz 400 with a scan
repetition rate of 1 Hz ndash Maximum Resolution gt100000
bull Mass Range ndash 50-2000 200-4000
bull Sub-fmol Sensitivity ( lt 03 pg ) bull MSMS and MSn
bull High Dynamic Range ndash gt2500 within mass spectrum
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Environmental ndash social science Narcotics in sewage Milano
Name Surname
472014 6
Ettore Zuccato Chiara Chiabrando Sara Castiglioni Renzo Bagnati and Roberto Fanelli Estimating Community Drug Abuse by Wastewater Analysis
Environ Health Perspect 2008 August 116(8) 1027ndash1032 doi 101289ehp11022
Diclofenac
bull Painkiller bull Anti-inflammatory (NSAID) bull Pills injections gelsointments etc
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
bull Semi-synthetic steroidal estrogen bull Oral contraceptive bull Estrogen
Analytical method ndash based on EPA 1694
bull Method 1694 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water Soil Sediment and Biosolids by HPLCMSMS Washington December 2007
bull ca 80 different pharmaceutical substances
LCMS Tandem mass-spectra of Diclofenac Standard solution
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 349 MA 82144975
616 701 884 089 230
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 351 MA 80813508
662 549 789 916 106 205
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
mz
0
10000000
20000000
Inte
nsity
29602
29802
30002 21505 39128 25002 27801 23500 29362 16975 19818 13510 11733 14902 26601 37500 15896 18750 33294 33999 35596 31392 10296
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
mz
0
500000
Inte
nsity
29602 27801
25002 21505
16975 19761 25776 8783 6237 29846 29362 32806 16173 19054 8266 33874 32110 22316 12006 26895 24227 12703 20533 35004 10319 13705
MS1 SIM
MS2HCD 15
MS1 SIM
MS2 HCD 15
NH
OHO
ClCl
NH
ClClNH
Cl Cl
LCMS IT-TOF ESI(-)
-OH -CO -H+ -CO2
mz 29501 precursor
mz 2500196 Ion ndash product (-) mz 2500185 Ion ndash product (+)
mz 293994 Diclofenac
mz 30002 C13-Diclofenac
Ms2 CID E50 ColGas 75
Ethynylestradiol
LTQ Orbitrap
bull Robust Accurate Mass ndash 5 ppm rms external calibration ndash 2 ppm rms internal calibration
bull High Resolution ndash 60000 at mz 400 with a scan
repetition rate of 1 Hz ndash Maximum Resolution gt100000
bull Mass Range ndash 50-2000 200-4000
bull Sub-fmol Sensitivity ( lt 03 pg ) bull MSMS and MSn
bull High Dynamic Range ndash gt2500 within mass spectrum
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Diclofenac
bull Painkiller bull Anti-inflammatory (NSAID) bull Pills injections gelsointments etc
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
bull Semi-synthetic steroidal estrogen bull Oral contraceptive bull Estrogen
Analytical method ndash based on EPA 1694
bull Method 1694 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water Soil Sediment and Biosolids by HPLCMSMS Washington December 2007
bull ca 80 different pharmaceutical substances
LCMS Tandem mass-spectra of Diclofenac Standard solution
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 349 MA 82144975
616 701 884 089 230
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 351 MA 80813508
662 549 789 916 106 205
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
mz
0
10000000
20000000
Inte
nsity
29602
29802
30002 21505 39128 25002 27801 23500 29362 16975 19818 13510 11733 14902 26601 37500 15896 18750 33294 33999 35596 31392 10296
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
mz
0
500000
Inte
nsity
29602 27801
25002 21505
16975 19761 25776 8783 6237 29846 29362 32806 16173 19054 8266 33874 32110 22316 12006 26895 24227 12703 20533 35004 10319 13705
MS1 SIM
MS2HCD 15
MS1 SIM
MS2 HCD 15
NH
OHO
ClCl
NH
ClClNH
Cl Cl
LCMS IT-TOF ESI(-)
-OH -CO -H+ -CO2
mz 29501 precursor
mz 2500196 Ion ndash product (-) mz 2500185 Ion ndash product (+)
mz 293994 Diclofenac
mz 30002 C13-Diclofenac
Ms2 CID E50 ColGas 75
Ethynylestradiol
LTQ Orbitrap
bull Robust Accurate Mass ndash 5 ppm rms external calibration ndash 2 ppm rms internal calibration
bull High Resolution ndash 60000 at mz 400 with a scan
repetition rate of 1 Hz ndash Maximum Resolution gt100000
bull Mass Range ndash 50-2000 200-4000
bull Sub-fmol Sensitivity ( lt 03 pg ) bull MSMS and MSn
bull High Dynamic Range ndash gt2500 within mass spectrum
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
bull Semi-synthetic steroidal estrogen bull Oral contraceptive bull Estrogen
Analytical method ndash based on EPA 1694
bull Method 1694 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water Soil Sediment and Biosolids by HPLCMSMS Washington December 2007
bull ca 80 different pharmaceutical substances
LCMS Tandem mass-spectra of Diclofenac Standard solution
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 349 MA 82144975
616 701 884 089 230
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 351 MA 80813508
662 549 789 916 106 205
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
mz
0
10000000
20000000
Inte
nsity
29602
29802
30002 21505 39128 25002 27801 23500 29362 16975 19818 13510 11733 14902 26601 37500 15896 18750 33294 33999 35596 31392 10296
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
mz
0
500000
Inte
nsity
29602 27801
25002 21505
16975 19761 25776 8783 6237 29846 29362 32806 16173 19054 8266 33874 32110 22316 12006 26895 24227 12703 20533 35004 10319 13705
MS1 SIM
MS2HCD 15
MS1 SIM
MS2 HCD 15
NH
OHO
ClCl
NH
ClClNH
Cl Cl
LCMS IT-TOF ESI(-)
-OH -CO -H+ -CO2
mz 29501 precursor
mz 2500196 Ion ndash product (-) mz 2500185 Ion ndash product (+)
mz 293994 Diclofenac
mz 30002 C13-Diclofenac
Ms2 CID E50 ColGas 75
Ethynylestradiol
LTQ Orbitrap
bull Robust Accurate Mass ndash 5 ppm rms external calibration ndash 2 ppm rms internal calibration
bull High Resolution ndash 60000 at mz 400 with a scan
repetition rate of 1 Hz ndash Maximum Resolution gt100000
bull Mass Range ndash 50-2000 200-4000
bull Sub-fmol Sensitivity ( lt 03 pg ) bull MSMS and MSn
bull High Dynamic Range ndash gt2500 within mass spectrum
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Analytical method ndash based on EPA 1694
bull Method 1694 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water Soil Sediment and Biosolids by HPLCMSMS Washington December 2007
bull ca 80 different pharmaceutical substances
LCMS Tandem mass-spectra of Diclofenac Standard solution
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 349 MA 82144975
616 701 884 089 230
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 351 MA 80813508
662 549 789 916 106 205
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
mz
0
10000000
20000000
Inte
nsity
29602
29802
30002 21505 39128 25002 27801 23500 29362 16975 19818 13510 11733 14902 26601 37500 15896 18750 33294 33999 35596 31392 10296
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
mz
0
500000
Inte
nsity
29602 27801
25002 21505
16975 19761 25776 8783 6237 29846 29362 32806 16173 19054 8266 33874 32110 22316 12006 26895 24227 12703 20533 35004 10319 13705
MS1 SIM
MS2HCD 15
MS1 SIM
MS2 HCD 15
NH
OHO
ClCl
NH
ClClNH
Cl Cl
LCMS IT-TOF ESI(-)
-OH -CO -H+ -CO2
mz 29501 precursor
mz 2500196 Ion ndash product (-) mz 2500185 Ion ndash product (+)
mz 293994 Diclofenac
mz 30002 C13-Diclofenac
Ms2 CID E50 ColGas 75
Ethynylestradiol
LTQ Orbitrap
bull Robust Accurate Mass ndash 5 ppm rms external calibration ndash 2 ppm rms internal calibration
bull High Resolution ndash 60000 at mz 400 with a scan
repetition rate of 1 Hz ndash Maximum Resolution gt100000
bull Mass Range ndash 50-2000 200-4000
bull Sub-fmol Sensitivity ( lt 03 pg ) bull MSMS and MSn
bull High Dynamic Range ndash gt2500 within mass spectrum
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
LCMS Tandem mass-spectra of Diclofenac Standard solution
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 349 MA 82144975
616 701 884 089 230
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Time (min)
0
50
100
RT 351 MA 80813508
662 549 789 916 106 205
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
mz
0
10000000
20000000
Inte
nsity
29602
29802
30002 21505 39128 25002 27801 23500 29362 16975 19818 13510 11733 14902 26601 37500 15896 18750 33294 33999 35596 31392 10296
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
mz
0
500000
Inte
nsity
29602 27801
25002 21505
16975 19761 25776 8783 6237 29846 29362 32806 16173 19054 8266 33874 32110 22316 12006 26895 24227 12703 20533 35004 10319 13705
MS1 SIM
MS2HCD 15
MS1 SIM
MS2 HCD 15
NH
OHO
ClCl
NH
ClClNH
Cl Cl
LCMS IT-TOF ESI(-)
-OH -CO -H+ -CO2
mz 29501 precursor
mz 2500196 Ion ndash product (-) mz 2500185 Ion ndash product (+)
mz 293994 Diclofenac
mz 30002 C13-Diclofenac
Ms2 CID E50 ColGas 75
Ethynylestradiol
LTQ Orbitrap
bull Robust Accurate Mass ndash 5 ppm rms external calibration ndash 2 ppm rms internal calibration
bull High Resolution ndash 60000 at mz 400 with a scan
repetition rate of 1 Hz ndash Maximum Resolution gt100000
bull Mass Range ndash 50-2000 200-4000
bull Sub-fmol Sensitivity ( lt 03 pg ) bull MSMS and MSn
bull High Dynamic Range ndash gt2500 within mass spectrum
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Ethynylestradiol
LTQ Orbitrap
bull Robust Accurate Mass ndash 5 ppm rms external calibration ndash 2 ppm rms internal calibration
bull High Resolution ndash 60000 at mz 400 with a scan
repetition rate of 1 Hz ndash Maximum Resolution gt100000
bull Mass Range ndash 50-2000 200-4000
bull Sub-fmol Sensitivity ( lt 03 pg ) bull MSMS and MSn
bull High Dynamic Range ndash gt2500 within mass spectrum
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Ethynylestradiol Ion introduction
including part-coated gold-plated octopole amp novel lens arrangement
Two-stage gridless reflectron
ESI or APCI
interfaces
Ion focusing optics including the
Q-Array
Differentially pumped quadrupole ion trap with pulsed argon introduction
Time of flight analyserOrthoganol source geometry with counter
gas flow
LC-MS IT-TOF
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 13
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Diclofenac sales and consumption
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 14
bull Official data not available bull Public statistics is a) inconsistent b) in rubles or in
ldquopackagesrdquo bull Diclofenac Ortofen Voltaren Diklak etc bull Ointment 20-100g 1-5 of substance ndash 15My bull Ampoules 100mg 5pack ndash 8My bull Pills 100mg 10-100pack ndash 13My bull Suppositories 100mg 5pack ndash 1My bull Russia ca 35My ca 20ty bull StPetersburg 700kgy = 850ngL in sewage
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Diclofenac in surface water
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 15
bull Monastyr bay Ladoga Lake Valaam(2011) 16-60 ngL bull Olginskoe lake (2011) 82 ngL bull The Karpovka river (2012) 42 ngL bull The Malaya Nevka river (2012) 133 ngL bull Primorsk Gulf of Finland (2012) 121 ngL bull Lakhta Razliv (2012) 39 ngL bull Detected highest concentration in other countries
5500 ngL
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 16
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 17
Aertal 60 tabs 100mg (6g = 5g of Diclofenac) 713 rub Aertal 15 ointment 60g (09g = 075g of Diclofenac) 249 rub Market volume unknown
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeks
Objectives vs Results
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 18
bull To get a large representative set of data on DCF in sewage water and WWTP effluent
bull To determine variation between different days and weeks (x5 x17)
bull To attempt to determine weekly trend bull To follow ldquotreatment vs removalrdquo bull To determine the average (362gd) maximum bull To determine extent of removal (ca 10)
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 19
bull Annual input of SPB = 280 kilo bull 40 of consumption ndash in sewage bull Purification on WWTP = 10 bull Total Diclofenac - Definition bull Analytical method needed
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Diclofenac 2nd series
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 20
bull Parallel sampling on 3 major WWTPs bull Monday(in)-Tuesday(out) and Tuesday(in)-
Wednesday(out) processing time close to 24 hours
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
EE2 and Population of Saint-Petersburg ния 2010 года (тыс чел)
По результатам подведения итогов Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года Росстат произвел ретроспективный пересчет численности населения за 2003ndash2010 годы (письмо Петростата от 24092012 г ОН-1404645)
2013 120 thousand migrants
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Population diagram ma)
Женщины (26907 тыс чел) Мужчины (21889 тыс чел) Возраст лет
Большой разрыв в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин приводит к существенной деформации структуры населения по полу Превышение численности женщин над численностью мужчин отмечается во всех возрастных группах старше 25 лет и достигает наибольших значений в старших возрастных группах
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 23
bull Consumption of EE2 ndash 950 thousand packages (0665 mg each)
bull 73 thousand women (6 ) bull Annual consumption ndash 630g bull 13 excreted ndash 210gyear input bull ca 033 ngL in sewage bull ca 0004ngL in ldquoStPetersburg waterrdquo bull EQS = 0007ngL bull Ca 65 thousand newborns in SPb in
2013 bull Ca 50 thousand pregant women
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 24
Experimental Estrone (E1) ndash 20-100 ngL
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
bull Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 125 of estrogeneicity bull Natural estrogens of pregnant women (E1 E2 E3)
ca 23 of estrogeneicity bull Input from other regions (Leningrad region
Novgorod region Karelia Vuoksa basin of Finland) bull Cattle farms chicken farms (20 million in L region)
25 180000 cows 200000 swine
E1 40-100 kgyear (SPb - 18) E2 70-300 kgyear (SPb ndash 24)
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
Vladimir Nikiforov
472014 27
bull Human excretion of natural estrogens will increase by ca 10 in the next 5y
bull Consumptionexcretion of EE2 - bull Excretion of natural estrogens will
approach the value of 1990 bull Population growth Immigrants ndash
male bull Farming has to be taken into account
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
Drotaverin (Но-шпа)
Ketoprofen (Кетопрофен)
Trimethoprim (Триметоприм)
Bendazol (Дибазол)
Ciprofloxacin (Ципрофлоксацин)
Clarithromycin (Кларитромицин)
Enalapril (Эналаприл) Enalaprilat
(Эналаприлат)
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
Infl Effl WWTP1 WWTP2 WWTP3mean mean mean mean meanugl ugl ugl ugl ugl
1 Caffeine lt001 021 lt001 2 Ciprofloxacin 06 006 006 003 00153 Diclofenac 042 035 015 018 0184 Ketoprofen 206 037 036 039 0445 Ranitidin 0006 001 0036 Trimethoprim 0023 001 0027 Clarithromycin 049 039 038 Azythromicine 049 049 0469 Carbamazepine 035 072 0012 002 00110 Эритромицин 0056 003 00211 Metmorphyne 0003 0007 00212 Enalapryl lt0001 lt0001 lt000113 Drotaverin 0008 0003 000514 Enalaprylat 0001 lt0001 00215 Paracetamol lt005 lt005 lt00516 Ibuprophene 161 065 27 149 3517 Triclicarbane 018 031 079
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
bull 08 of the SPb market in 2013 (stable share) bull Market ndash 800 M USD bull Ibuprofen ndash 64 M USD = 200 M Rub bull 50 x 200 mg = 17 rub bull 500 million units 5 million population bull 100 tons of substance (the same in Finland) bull A cube 10m x 10m x 10mhellip
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutants cooperation required
bull Market regulators bull Pharmaceutical industry bull Medical data on excretion bull Metabolites ndash reversibility bull WWTPs ndash different stages of treatment bull Environmental half-life times (temperature) bull Analytical methods incl metabolites bull Public awareness ndash understanding of our
world
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-
Thank you for your attention
Little Industrial waste
- Pilot activity to identify sources and flow patterns of pharmaceuticals in St Petersburg to the Baltic Sea
- SRCES RAS
- Sources of legacy pollutants
- Sources of emerging pollutants
- Project in brief
- Environmental ndash social scienceNarcotics in sewage Milano
- Diclofenac
- 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- Analytical method ndashbased on EPA 1694
- Slide Number 10
- Ethynylestradiol
- Ethynylestradiol
- Diclofenac Central WWTP 3 weeks
- Diclofenac sales and consumption
- Diclofenac in surface water
- Metabolism of Diclofenac and suggested reverse transformation
- Aceclofenac (Aertal Asinac) ndash possible precursor of Diclofenac
- 1st Sampling Series Central WWTP 3 weeksObjectives vs Results
- Diclofenac Conclusions 1st series
- Diclofenac 2nd series
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Release of EE2 and natural estrogens
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Excretion (Input) of hormones into sewage
- Динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Санкт-Петербурге
- ldquoHormonal forecastrdquo
- Other pharmaceuticals detected in SPb wastewater
- Concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in the SPb and Helsinki WWTPs effluents
- Ibuprofen in Saint-Petersburg
- Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen
- Pharmaceuticals ndash emerging pollutantscooperation required
- Thank you for your attention
-