piloting ecosystem accounts in palawan


ECOSYSTEM-defined• Ecosystems are a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-

organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit

- Convention on Biological Diversity (2003). Article 2. Use of Terms

• Ecosystem may be identified at different spatial scales and are commonly nested and overlapping. Consequently, for accounting purposes, ecosystem assets are defined through the delineation of specific and mutually exclusive spatial areas


DETERIORATING CONDITION OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEM

MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM

CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM

SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEM

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.paihia.co.nz/pics/boat_cartoon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.paihia.co.nz/Feature.cfm?WPID=3239&h=141&w=166&sz=6&tbnid=Oh_33L8DPcZMBM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=99&prev=/images?q=boat+cartoon&um=1&start=3&sa=X&oi=images&ct=image&cd=3


Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services www.wavespartnership.org

Ecosystem Accounts for Southern PalawanSP Technical Working Group

02 February 2017


Carbon sequestration $ Sediment retention

Water regulation

Crop Production $

Fishery production $

PULOT WATERSHED


Southern Palawan AccountsSouthern Palawan

Sofronio Espanola

Pulot Watershed

LAND ACCOUNT Land cover class for 2003, 2010, 2014 Land cover change matrices

CARBON ACCOUNT Carbon sequestration, carbon stock, and changes in

stocks for 2003,2010, and 2014

ECOSYSTEM CONDITION ACCOUNT Pollution loading: heavy metal concentration, TSS Coastal condition: Coral reef, seagrass, and mangrove

condition

ECOSYSTEM SERVICE SUPPLY AND USE ACCOUNT

Crop production: rice, corn, coconut and oil palm Water regulation by forest Fishery production

ECOSYSTEM ASSET ACCOUNT NPV Cropland: Irrigated paddy fields and coconut

plantations


2003 2010 2014

Closed Forest

Open ForestPerennial Crop

Key Findings 1: Land Cover Change in Southern Palawan


Key Findings 2: Southern Palawan Forests can contribute to mitigating Climate Change because they act as carbon sink• Carbon stock decreased between

2003-2010 from16 million ton C to 9.2 million ton C

• Carbon stock increased between 2010-2010 from 9.2 million ton C to 9.4 million ton C

• Carbon sequestration service is 1.9 million ton CO2 in 2014 valued at PHP2.59 Billion

(The methodology has been applied at the national scale by FMB)


WAVES © 2016

Key Findings 3: Water Provisioning and Sediment Retention ServicesAccounting Unit: Pulot Watershed

• Pulot watershed provides water to the 500 ha irrigation scheme (deficit with 40% not irrigated)

• Sedimentation is clogging up the irrigation reservoir (loss in forest would result to 745 KiloTon of sediments; 20% reduction in rice production)


Key Findings 4: Contribution of ecosystems to crop production

Analyzed are:PaddyCornCoconutOil palm

Pulot watershed shows a large increase in oil palm plantations – which has involved land conversion in upper parts of the watershed


Increase in Area of Agricultural and High Value Crops between 2010 and 2014 (in hectares)

2010 2014 Net Expansion0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

530 60878

13151,455

140

901

1316

415

Rice Coconut Oil Palm

Extent of paddy rice, coconut and oil palm plantation in 2014


Value of ecosystem services used in the production of rice, corn, coconut and oil palm

Rainfed

Rice

Irriga

ted R

ice (p

addy

-padd

y)

Irriga

ted R

ice(pa

ddy-c

orn-pa

ddy)

Cocon

ut

Oil Palm

Rainfed

Rice

Irriga

ted R

ice (p

addy

-padd

y)

Irriga

ted R

ice(pa

ddy-c

orn-pa

ddy)

Cocon

ut

Oil Palm (20,000.00)

-

20,000.00

40,000.00

60,000.00

80,000.00

100,000.00

120,000.00

140,000.00

160,000.00

180,000.00

Resource Rent

Cost of Produc-tion + Return on Fixed Capital

Php

/hec

tare

/yea

r

2014 2010


1. CORAL REEF

Coral Reef Ecosystem Condition, % Change in Live Coral Cover, Municipality of S. Espanola, Palawan, Philippines 2001 and 2010 (PCSD, 2011)

KEY FINDINGS 5: COASTAL EXTENT AND CONDITION


2. MANGROVE

2005 (PCSD) 2010 (NAMRIA) 2014 (NAMRIA)

EXTENT (Hectares)

1,776 1,092 1,073

VOLUME (Cubic meters)

337,053 189,652

EXTENT AND VOLUME


3. SEAGRASS

Seagrass Ecosystem Condition, % Cover, Municipality of S Espanola, Palawan, Philippines, 2001 and 2010


There are important trade-offs in ecosystem management in Palawan…

Ecosystem accounts help to make these trade-offs clear and inform decision making


Additional oil palm plantation?• Accounts provide

the basis for land use planning

• For instance, they show that in Pulot Watershed, Palawan, there is insufficient water to irrigate oil palm

Janu

ary

Februa

ryMarc

hApri

lMay

June Ju

ly

Augus

t

Septem

ber

Octobe

r

Novem

ber

Decem

ber

(2,000,000)

(1,000,000)

-

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

SurplusOil palmPaddyDomestic

Janu

ary

Februa

ryMarc

hApri

lMay

June Ju

ly

Augus

t

Septem

ber

Octobe

r

Novem

ber

Decem

ber

(2,000,000)

(1,000,000)

-

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

SurplusOil palmPaddyDomestic

Normal rainfall

Dry year (2006)


A scenario analysis was done to assess the impact of coral reef degradation on fisheries

• Fishing effort Coral reef condition (% live coral)

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

2015

2018

2021

2024

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

Fishing effort (Horsepower boats)

fishing effort

20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013 -

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


Forecast fish harvests Palawan

• Coral reef destruction (dynamite and cyanide) will lead to loss of fisheries of coral dependent species by ~ 2030 even with increasing fishing efforts

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2028

2030

2032

2034

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000Fish harvest 8 species, Palawan

ModeledData (PSA)


Decline of mangrove forests was attributed to their use for other purposes due to the issuance of policy instruments such as private titles (based on cadastral survey), CLOAs, CADC, and etc.

Certain mangrove areas have also been converted into fishponds

Provide information to review implementation of national and local land use policies


Carbon sequestration PHP2.59 Billion (2014)

Sediment retention 745 KiloTons/yr (2014)

Water regulation

Crop Production (Resource Rent)PHP35 Million/ha/yr (2014)

Fishery production(Resource Rent) PHP70 Million/yr (2015)

PULOT WATERSHED

piloting ecosystem accounts in palawan

Environment