pine wilt disease
TRANSCRIPT
Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
13/04/2023
Juan José Mena Costa
PINE WILT DISEASE
Juan José Mena Costa
13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
INTRODUCTION
ORIGIN: North America( Canada, Mexico, USA)
INTRODUCED: Far EastHong Kong , Japan, China, Korea
Europa Portugal
ITS NOT AN EPIDEMIC
QUARANTINE PEST
IDEAL CONDITIONS
MILD CLIMATE
ABUNDANCE OF FOOD
SCATTERING MEDIUM
Pine wilt disease
13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
PINE SAWYER BEETLE
Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795) •Order: COLEOPTERA•Family: CERAMBYCIDAE•Genus: Monochamus Eurosiberian distribution.•Specie: M. galloprovincialis
♀
♂
SIZE APPROX. 15-25 mm .
COLORATION BLACK - BROWN .
YELLOWISH BROWN IRREGULAR SPOTS.
MALE ♂ LEGS LONGER AND THICKER .♀
ANTENNAE ♂ VERY LONG EXCEEDING ELYTRA.
FEEDING XILOPHAGOUS, DEAD OR DECADENT TREES.
DISTRIBUTION EUROSIBERIAN.
ATTACKED SPECIES CONIFERS.
INVERTEBRATE, CYLINDRICAL WORM < 1 mm in length.
DEVELOPMENT INSIDE CONIFEROUS WOOD.
FOUR LARVAL STAGES OF PROPAGATION (J1, J2, J3, J4)
+ DAUER LARVAE OF DISPERSION (LD) .
FEEDING EPITHELIAL CELLS RESIN DUCTS.
MYCOPHAGOUS. (Ceratocistus sp.)
NEED FOR VECTOR TO BE DISPERSED GENERALLY GEN. Monochamus
SPECIES ATTACKED
+ SUSCEPTIBLES (P. sylvestris, P. nigra y P. pinaster)
- SUSCEPTIBILITY. (P. pinea, P.halepensis y P. radiata) Juan José Mena Costa
13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
PINEWOOD NEMATODE
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer)Nickle et al.Class: NEMATODAOrder: APHELENCHIDAFamily: APHELENCHOIDIDAEGenus: BURSAPHELENCHUS
Juan José Mena Costa
13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
LIFE CICLE AND BIOLOGY
Juan José Mena Costa
13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Damages
M. galloprivincialis Doesn’t cause damages
B. Xylophilus Sudden death of pines in 30-40 days. Early summer yellowing of trees End of summer reddish-brown needles (Dies)
Juan José Mena Costa
13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
• Law 43/2002 of November 20, plant health.• Law 43/2003 of November 21 of forest• Royal Decree 58/2005 protective measures against the introduction
and spread of organisms harmful to plants.• Royal Decree 1190/1998 national eradication or control of harmful
organisms.• Council Directive 2000/29/EC, protective measures against the
introduction of organisms harmful to plants.• Commission Decision 2006/133/EC of additional measures against
the dissemination of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus• Amended by: Commission Decision 2008/340/CE of 25th April , 2008. Commission Decision 2008/378/EC of 15th May 2008. Commission Decision 2008/684/CE of 19th August , 2008. Commission Decision 2008/790/CE of 7th October , 2008.
LEGAL ACTION
Juan José Mena Costa
13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
NIMF 15 NORM
GUIDELINES FOR REGULATING WOOD PACKAGING MATERIAL IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Countries object: outside EC and Portugal
Heat treatment Methyl bromure treatment
56ºC minimun of 30 min Tª min <10ºC 24 h3 concentration measures 2, 4 and 24 h
Juan José Mena Costa
13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL MEASURES OF THE NEMATODE
Surveys in forest:
Buffer Zone: 20 km ( Portugal )
High risk: 20km (Spain) Net 2X2 Km Minimum 1 sample + itinerary
Medium risk 20 +80 km (Spain) Net 4X4 Km Mínim 1 sample + itinerary
Possible extension criteria Autonomous Communities
Rest of Spain Net 8X8 Km Presence of symptoms + itinerary
Inspections sawmills and wood industries
Minimum: 2 inspections per year, 1 sample.
Juan José Mena Costa
13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL MEASURES OF THE VECTOR
Avoid dispersion
Mass trapping
Planning silvicultural treatments.
Aggregation pheromone
Kairomonals compounds: - α- pinene - bark beetle pheromone
Juan José Mena Costa
13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
REFERENCES
Abelleira, A.; Mansilla, J.P; Salinero, M.C. (EFA 43/05: ) Estación Fitopatoloxíca do Areeiro. Servicio Agrario. Excma. Diputación Provincial de Pontevedra
OEPP/EPPO (1986) Data sheets on quarantine organisms No. 158, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 16, 55-60.
Evans, H.F.; McNamara, D.G.; Braasch, H.; Chadoeuf, J.; Magnusson, C. (1996) Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for the territories of the European Union (as PRA area) on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and its vectors in the genus Monochamus. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 26 (in press).
Rutherford, T. A.; Mamiya, Y.; Webster, J. M. (1990) Nematode-induced pine wilt disease: factors influencing its occurrence and distribution. Forest Science 36, 145-155.
Juan José Mena Costa
13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
END