pineal gland “third eye” photosensitive ganglion cells – transmit information to pineal gland....
TRANSCRIPT
Pineal Gland
“Third Eye”
Photosensitive ganglion cells – transmit information topineal gland.
Pineal gland is inhibited by light, specifically blue light, 460-480 nm
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)CNS signal to pinealfor release of melatonin
Melatonin
Targets: Brain, Immune System, Reproductive organs, Pituitary Gland, and other
Synch body’s biological clock, may inhibitGonadotropins (timing of puberty)
Elysia chlorotica green sea slug
Pancreas
More specifically Islets of Langerhans
Alpha Cells – Produce Glucagon
Beta Cells – Produce Insulin
Both are peptide hormones
Glucagon
Promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucosein the liver.
Insulin
Promotes liver, muscles and fat tissue to absorbGlucose from blood.
Stored as glycogen in liver and musclesStored as triglycerides in fat cells
When can we expect insulin to be released?
Type 1 Diabetes (Childhood)
Type 2 Diabetes (Onset)
Gestational Diabetes
Symptoms:
Hyperglycemia
Frequent Urination
Increase Thirst
Increase Appetite
Type 1:
Autoimmune disease
Body destroys it’s own beta cells
10%-15% of all people with diabetes have type 1
Not Preventable
Type 2:
More Common
Due to reduced insulin production orreduced ability of insulin to bind to receptors
15% of all people with diabetes have type 1
Treatable with insulin monitoring andproper diet
Gestational Diabetes
2%-10% of pregnant woman
Caused by high glucose levels during pregnancy
Hormonal changes may effect insulin production - Placenta
Parathyroid
Releases Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Stimulates Ca2+ release from bone
Increase Ca2+ uptake from kidney and intestines
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Stimulates enzymes in the kidneys to convert vitamin D into calcitriol (Active form in the body)
Calcitriol promotes absorption of Ca2+
Done via synthesis of calcium-binding proteins (helps absorption)
Increases release of Ca2+ from bones