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Chapter 5Scope Management05-01Chapter 5 Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this chapter, students will be able to:Understand the importance of scope management for project success.Understand the significance of developing a scope statement.Construct a Work Breakdown Structure for a project.Develop a Responsibility Assignment Matrix for a project.Describe the roles of changes and configuration management in assessing project scope.

05-02Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationProject ScopeProject scope is everything about a project work content as well as expected outcomes.Scope management is the function of controlling a project in terms of its goals and objectives and consists of:

1) Conceptual development4) Scope reporting2) Scope statement5) Control systems3) Work authorization6) Project closeout05-03Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationConceptual DevelopmentThe process that addresses project objectives by finding the best ways to meet them.

Key steps in information development:Problem/need statementInformation gatheringConstraintsAlternative analysisProject objectives

05-04Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationProblem StatementsSuccessful conceptual development requires:

Reduction of overall project complexity

Goals and objects are clearly statedReference points are provided

Complete understanding of the problem05-05Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationStatement of Work (SOW)A SOW is a detailed narrative description of the work required for a project.

Effective SOWs containIntroduction and backgroundTechnical descriptionTimeline and milestonesClient expectations05-06Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationStatement of Work ComponentsBackgroundObjectivesScopeTask or RequirementsSelection CriteriaDeliverables or Delivery ScheduleSecurityPlace of PerformancePeriod of Performance05-07Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationScope Statement ProcessEstablish the project goal criteriacostscheduleperformancedeliverablesreview and approval gatesDevelop the management plan for the projectEstablish a work breakdown structureCreate a scope baseline05-08Copyright 2013 Pearson Education05-9

Goal Setting With and Without Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) Figure 5.2Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationWork Breakdown Structure (WBS)A process that sets a projects scope by breaking down its overall mission into a cohesive set of synchronous, increasingly specific tasks.

What does WBS accomplish?Echoes project objectivesOffers a logical structureEstablishes a method of controlCommunicates project statusImproves communicationDemonstrates control structure05-10Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationWork Breakdown Structure and CodesWork Packages are individual project activities1.01.21.31.41.2.11.2.21.2.31.3.11.3.21.2.3.11.2.3.2Deliverables are major project componentsSub-deliverables are supporting deliverablesThe project is the overall project under development05-11Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationSample WBS in MS Project 201005-12

Figure 5.7Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationDefining a Work PackageLowest level in WBSDeliverable resultOne ownerMiniature projectsMilestonesFits organizationTrackable05-13Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationOrganizational Breakdown StructureOrganizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) allowsWork definitionOwner assignment of work packagesBudget assignment to departments

OBS links cost, activity & responsibility05-14Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationIntersection of the WBS and OBS 05-15

Figure 5.8Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationCost Account Rollup Using OBS05-16

Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationFigure 5.10Responsibility Assignment Matrix05-17

Figure 5.11Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationDefining a Project Work PackageWork package forms lowest level in WBS.Work package has a deliverable result.Work package has one owner.Work package may be considered by its owner as a project in itself.A work package may include several milestones.A work package should fit organizational procedures and culture.The optimal size of a work package may be expressed in terms on labor hours, calendar time, cost, reporting period, and risks.05-18Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationWork AuthorizationThe formal go ahead to begin workFollows the scope management steps of:scope definitionplanning documentsmanagement planscontractual documents05-19Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationContractual DocumentationMost contracts contain:RequirementsValid considerationContracted terms

Contracts range from:Lump SumCost Plusalso called Turnkey05-20Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationScope Reportingdetermines what types of information reported, who receives copies, when, and how information is acquired and disseminated.

Typical project reports containCost statusSchedule statusTechnical performance05-21Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationReasons Why Projects FailPoliticsNave promisesNave optimism of youthStartup mentality of fledging entrepreneurial companiesMarine Corps mentalityIntensive competition caused by globalizationIntense competition caused by appearance of new technologiesIntense pressure caused by unexpected government regulationsUnexpected and/or unplanned crises05-22Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationTypes of Control SystemsConfigurationDesignTrend monitoringDocumentAcquisitionSpecification05-23Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationProject CloseoutThe job is not over until the paperwork is done

Closeout documentation is used to:Resolve disputesTrain project managersFacilitate auditing

Closeout documentation includes:Historical recordsPost project analysisFinancial closeout

05-24Copyright 2013 Pearson EducationSummaryUnderstand the importance of scope management for project success.Understand the significance of developing a scope statement.Construct a Work Breakdown Structure for a project.Develop a Responsibility Assignment Matrix for a project.Describe the roles of changes and configuration management in assessing project scope.

05-25Copyright 2013 Pearson Education

05-26Copyright 2013 Pearson Education