piping material seminar

8/12/2019 Piping material Seminar

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PIPING MATERIALS

BY: H.R.BARATI


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piping :

The term piping refers to the overall network ofpipes,fittings,flanges,valves& othercomponents that comprise a conduit systemused to convey fluids.

piping components:

mechanical elements suitable for joining or

assembly into pressure tight fluid-containingpiping systems include

Defini t ion:


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Piping components:

piping components includes:

Pipe & tube

Flange

gaskets, bolting

valves

Fittings (e.g. elbows, reducers, branch,connections, etc.)

Special items such as expansion joints

Pi i t i & t b l i f i ti


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Tube:

Specify by two of

Outside diameter

Wall thickness:

Pipe :

Specify by two of

NPS (Nominal Pipe Size) Wall Thickness (Schedule)

Tube : Heat conduction

Pipe : Fluid transferring

Piping components: pipe & tub e classi f ication


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Material Spec.ServicesMax. Temp.Classifications

A53, AI06L&I Temp.

L&I Press.

427 C

(800F)Carbon Steel

Ferrous

Material

Material

A335,A691High Temp.

I&H Press.

648 C

(1200F)

Low & Intermediate

Alloy Steel

A213, A312

Corrosive

Media, Purity

Maintenance

648 C

(1200F)

Stainless Steels

(High Alloy Steel)

A312High Temp(above 1200

OF)

815C(1500F ')

Stainless SteelsforHigh Temperature

A48, A395

Low Temp &

Press.,

Civil

204C

(400F)Cast Iron

B161, B167

L&I Temp,

Corrosive

Media

343 C

(650F)

Nickel & High Nickel

Alloys

Non

FerrousMaterial

B466 etc.

Sea Water for

Low Temp &

Press.

427C

(800F)

Copper & Copper

Alloys

B21O etc.Light Weight204C

(400F)

Aluminum &

Aluminum Alloys

8337 etcLight Weight315C

(600F)

Titanium & Titanium

Alloys

D1527 etc.Low Temp &

Press

426C

(800F)Thermoplastic

Non

Metallic

C582 etc.Low Temp &

Press

149C

(300F)

Laminated

Reinforced

Thermosetting Resin

D2996 etcLow Temp &

Press

110C

(230F)

Filament-Wound

Thermosetting Resin

(GRP)

AWWA

C300 etc.

U/G Piping

for Low

Temp &

Press

93C

(200F)Concrete

NR, NBR etc

Low Temp &

Press,

Corrosive

Media

121C

(250F)Rubber

C599 etc.High Purity Maintenance230C

(450F)Glass


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Piping components pipe & t b e classi f ication


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Pipe: NPS:

, , 1, 1 , 2,3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28,30,

32,36, 40, 44, 4852,56, 60 NPS < 12, OD > NPS NPS 14, OD = NPS

NPS 1 , 2 ,3 ,5 not used

Pipe is supplied in

Random length (17 to 25 ft)Double random length (38 to 48 ft)

Pipe end:BE (bevel end)

PE (plain end)

TE or SCBELL & SPIGOT

Piping components: pipe & tub e classi f ication

Pip ing compo nents : p ipe & tube Jo in t ing


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Method of joining pipe:

Butt weld

Socket weld

Threaded

Quick coupling

Flange

Special item

Pip ing compo nents : p ipe & tube Jo in t ing

Piping compo nents: Pipe (But t Weld)


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Used in most piping systems NPS 2

Use generally not restricted

Difficult in small sizes, especially for thin wall

Piping compo nents: Pipe (Butt -Weld)

Piping compo nents: Pipe (socket Weld)


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Size frequently limited to NPS 1

Not used in severe cyclic conditions and in services where

corrosion is accelerated in crevices No weld metal can enter bore, easier alignment on small line

than butt-weld

Tack is unnecessary

Have not any leakage

Piping compo nents: Pipe (socket-Weld)

Piping compo nents: Pipe (threaded = screwed)


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Common materials

Gray iron (ASME B16.4)

Malleable iron (ASME B16.3)

Steel (ASME B16.11)

Non-toxic, non-flammable, Generally not used where leaks cannot betolerated

NPS 1 , pressure rating < 600, temperature < 625

Piping compo nents: Pipe (threaded = screwed)

Piping components: Flange


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Flange used for

Mate to equipment, vessels, valve,

When need periodic cleaning

Flanges are normally used for pipe sizes above

NPS 1.



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Flange Rating Class:

pressure/temperature combinations

Seven classes (150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1,500, 2,500)

Flange strength increases with class number

The material specifications are grouped withinMaterial Group Numbers.



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Flange Rating Class




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p g co po e ts a ge

Type of f lange end:

Weld Neck Flanges

Socket-Welded Flanges

Threaded Flanges

Slip-On Flanges

Lapped Flanges



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p g p g

Type of f lange end:



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Flange Facing Types

Flat Faced

Raised Face

Ring Joint

p g p g


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Socket welding flange



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Threaded flange



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Slip-on flange

Internal welds is slightly more subject to corrosion than

the butt-weld Poor resistance to shock and vibration

Cheaper to buy, costlier to assemble

Strength under internal pressure 1/3 of corresponding

welding neck flange

Easier to align than the welding neck flange



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Expander flange

Reducer + welding neck flange

Increase pipe size to first or second large size


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Spectacle blind


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Piping com ponents: Gasket / Bolt & Not


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Gasket:

Resilient material

Inserted between flanges Compressed by bolts to create seal

Commonly used types

Sheet

Spiral wound

Solid metal ring

Insulation gasket


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Piping comp onents: Gasket


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Spiral wound



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Spiral wound



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Spiral wound

Piping compo nents: valve


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Valves

Valve are use for Controlling process and utility service

Isolating equipment or instrument for

maintenances Discharge gas, vapor or liquid

Draining piping and equipment on shutdown

Emergency shutdown



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Classify valves according to functions: Block flow (On / Off)

Regulating (Throttle flow) Checking (Prevent flow reversal) Switching Discharging (pressure relief valve)

Classify valves according to operating device: Manual Hydraulic Motor (electric and air operated)

Piping com ponents: valve (result )


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Type of valves:

Ball valves Gate valves

Globe valves

Check Valves

Plug valve

Butterfly valves

Needle valves

Relief Valve


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Piping compo nents: valve (bal l valve)


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Used for isolation (quick on / off)

Soft-sealed ball valves are not normally used for

throttling service because the soft-seats are subjectto erosion or distortion/displacement caused by fluid

flow when the valve is in the partially open position.

ADV: Low pressure drop, fast operating, bubble-tight

shut off, can be throttled Check Valves

DISADV: Expensive, heavy, poor throttling

Piping compo nents: valve (gate valve)


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Piping compo nents: valve (gate valve)


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About 75% of all valves in process plants

an optimum engineering and economic choice for on

or off service. (cutout or isolation valves)

ADV: small pressure drop across valve

DISADV: poor throttling characteristics

Piping compo nents: valve (globe valve)


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Piping com ponents: valve (globe valve)


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Piping com ponents: (check valve / swin g check v alve)


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Simple design

Allows flow in one direction

Can not be used as an isolation valve

Piping com ponents: (check valve)


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Piping compo nents: valve (but terf ly valve)


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used as cutout/isolation valves

ADV: quick-acting low pressure drop across the valve,

has adequate throttling characteristics

DISADV: only used for low press/low temp systems

due to force involved in valve operation

Piping c omponents: valve (needle valve)


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Needle Valve



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Relief Valve


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Piping compo nents: Fit t ing


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Fitting produce change in geometry and include:

Change in direction of piping

Alter pipe diameter

Terminate pipe

Bring pipes together

(made branch from main pipe run)


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Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (but t -weld)


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Return:

Curvature = 1 NPS

Uses in:

Vent on tanks

Bend:

Curvature = 4 - 6 NPS

Made from seamless and ERW straightpipe

Two methods used to making bend

Hot

Cold


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Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (but t -weld)


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Reducer

Eccentric

Suction & discharge of pump

support

concentric



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Swage :

connect butt-welded piping to smaller socket-weld or

screwed Abrupt change of line size in butt-weld Type:

Eccentric

Concentric

Venturi: Allows smoother flow



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Tee

Straight (branch to the same size as the run)

Reducing Branch smaller than the run

Bullhead tee have branch larger than run & seldomused and made to special order



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Cross

Straight (branch to the same size as the run)

Reducing (rarely used)



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Lateral (manufacture in factory) Run inlet run outlet branch angle respect to

outlet (6 6 4 45)

Shape nipple (use template) Manufacture at shop Rarely use 90, 45

45


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Weldolet

Make a closer manifold that Tee

Full size

Reducing Flat

Are available for connecting to pipe caps and pressurevessel



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Elbolet: reducing tangent branch on elbow

Latrolet : reducing, 45

Sweepolet Good flow pattern and optimum stress distribution

90 reducing from the main pipe



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Closure

Cap

Flat closure

Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (soc ket)


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Elbow (90, 45)



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Return:



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Reducer

Reducer insert



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Swage :

Abrupt change of line size in butt-weld



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Full coupling

Half coupling



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Union



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Tee



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Cross

l



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Lateral

S k l



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Sockolet

S k ldi Elb l



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Socket welding Elbolet

Socket welding latrolet

Nippolet

C



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Cap

Elb ( )

Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (thread)


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Elbow (90, 45)

Reducing elbow

Red cer



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Reducer

Reducer insert

S i l



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Swage nipple

F ll li



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Full coupling

Half coupling

Tee



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Tee


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lateral

Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (thread)


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lateral

Union



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Union


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Threadolet



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Threadolet

Threaded elbolet



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Threaded elbolet

Threaded latrolet

Threaded nippolet

Closure



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Closure

Cap

plug

Piping compo nents: Fit t ing (specia l i tem)

Expansion joint (Bellows)


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Expansion joint (Bellows)


Expansion joint


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Expansion joint

strainer



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strainer


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Piping com ponents: Fit t ing (branch co nnect ion chart )


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The end Prepared by:

Hamid Reza Barati

Email:barati.hamidreza @gmail.com

Phone number: 0912632805

piping material seminar

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