pism report

PEN-STYLE PERSONAL NETWORKING GADGET PACKAGE

Chapter-1

INTRODUCTION

P-ISM (“Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package”), which is nothing but the new

discovery, which is under developing, stage by NEC Corporation. P-ISM is a gadget package

including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a handwriting data input function,

virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass

function. P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The

whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal

gadget in a minimalist pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing. It is shown below:

Fig1.1: 5 pen pc

Communication Technology is rapidly increasing in this modern world. Computer, as

everybody knows, is the main communication machine used. Since the time computer has been

invented scientists and engineers have been trying making it more and more compact. As a result

we have been able to enjoy the numerous functionalities provided by the computers whether it is

Home PCs or Laptops. Systems have still been reduced so that they are used in Mobiles I-pods

and I-phones have replaced the laptops to an extent. It is in this context that Pen Computers come

into spot light. These are computers in the shape of different pens each having a function of its

own and when combined together give us the usage of a full-blown computer. It is a computer

broken apart into pieces, each the size of a pen. The screen and keyboard are projected onto

surfaces.

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1.1 P-ISM

"P-ISM “Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package”. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions:

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1.2 Block diagram of P-ISM

Fig1.2: Block diagram of P-ISM

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Chapter-2

BACKGROUND

Origins: It seems to many of us these days that the pace of technological change is so

great that it outstrips our imaginations just as soon as we can conceive of the next nifty electronic

gadget we'd like to have, we find out that somebody has already built it. Miniaturized devices

such as cameras and telephones are examples of now common technologies that just a few years

ago most of us rarely encountered outside the fictional world of spy thrillers. Miniaturized

personal computers are the next logical step, but many readers might be surprised to learn that a

plan for PC components housed in devices the size and shape of ballpoint pens (as shown above)

was showcased by a major electronics company over two years ago. At the 2003 ITU Telecom

World exhibition held in Geneva, the Tokyo-based NEC Corporation displayed a conceptual

prototype of what they dubbed a "Penstyle Personal Networking Gadget Package," or P-ISM. As

NEC described the following component.

2.1 P-ISM:

P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a

handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and

personal ID key with cashless pass function. P-ISMs are connected with one another through

short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the

cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalistic pen style enables the ultimate

ubiquitous computing. The P-ISM system was based on "low-cost electronic perception

technology" produced by the San Jose, California, firm of Canesta, Inc., developers of

technologies such as the "virtual keyboard" (although the last two pictures shown above appear

to be virtual keyboard products sold by other companies such as VKB rather than components of

the P-ISM prototype).

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2.2 CPU pen:

The functionality of the CPU is done by one of the pen. It is also known as computing

engine.

Fig2.1: CPU pen

The functionality of the CPU is done by one of the pen. It is also known as computing

engine. It consists of dual core processor embedded in it and it works with WINDOWS operation

system. The central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out

the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's

functions. The central processing unit carries out each instruction of the program in sequence, to

perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. This term has

been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s.The form, design and

implementation of CPU shave changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their

fundamental operation remains much the same. Early CPUs were custom-designed as apart of a

larger, sometimes one-of-a-kind, and computer. However, this costly method of designing

custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of mass-

produced processors that are made for one or many purposes. This standardization trend

generally began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and mini computers and has rapidly

accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit(IC). The IC has allowed increasingly

complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers. Both

the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of these digital

devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated computing machines.

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2.3 COMMUNCIATION PEN:-

P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The

whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. They are

connected through Tri-wireless modes (Blue tooth, 802.11B/G, and Cellular) which are made

small and kept in a small pen like device.

Fig2.2: Communication Pen

In fact, no-one expects much activity on 802.11n installations until the middle of 2008. “Rolling

out 802.11n would mean a big upgrade for customers who already have full Wi-Fi coverage, and

would be a complex adds networks, for those who haven't. Bluetooth is widely used because we

can able to transfer data or make connections without wires. This is very effective because we

can able to connect whenever we need without having wires. They are used at the frequency

band of 2.4 GHz ISM (although they use different access mechanisms). Bluetooth mechanism is

used for exchanging signal status information between two devices. These techniques have been

developed that do not require communication between the two devices (such as Blue tooth’s

Adaptive Frequency Hopping), the most efficient and comprehensive solution for the most

serious problems can be accomplished by silicon vendors. They can implement information

exchange capabilities within the designs of the Blue tooth. The circuit diagram for the

802.11B/G is given below. It is nothing but also type of Blue tooth. Using this connectivity we

can also connect it with the internet and can access it anywhere in the world.

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Fig2.3: Operational Diagram of Communication Pen

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2.4 LED Projector:

The role of monitor is taken by LED Projector which projects on the screen. The size of

the projector is of A4 size. It has the approximate resolution capacity of 1024 X 768. Thus it is

gives more clarity and good picture.

Fig2.4: LED Projector

LED projectors are becoming more and more popular. LED technology is used in a wide range

of products, including home theater projectors, business and education projectors, and even the

emerging market of pico projectors, handheld projectors, and other mini projector systems. LED

light sources have some serious advantages over conventional lamps. LED projectors require

little maintenance, as there is no lamp to be changed. Furthermore, LED light sources last

significantly longer than the competition. Lastly, the technology is greener than the alternative

conventional projector lamps. Between their long lives, lack of upkeep, and lower power usage,

LED projectors save you money in the long run.

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2.5 Virtual Keyboard:

The Virtual Laser Keyboard (VKB) is the ULTIMATE new gadget for PC users. The

VKB emits laser on to the desk where it looks like the keyboard having QWERTY arrangement

of keys i.e., it uses a laser beam to generate a full-size perfectly operating laser keyboard that

smoothly connects to of PC and Most of the handheld devices (PDA's, tablet PC's).The I-Tech

laser keyboard acts exactly like any other "ordinary" keyboard.

Features of virtual keyboards are:

Cellular Telephones, Space saving Computers, Laptops, Tablet PCs, Clean Rooms,

Industrial Environments, Test Equipment, Sterile and Medical Environments, Transport (Air,

Rail, Automotive).

1. VKB settings can be changed by Sound:

2. Controllable Virtual Keyboard sound effects (key clicks)

3. Connection: Connection to the appropriate Laptop/PC port

4. Intensity: Intensity of the projected Virtual Keyboard

5. Timeouts: coordinated timeouts to conserve the Virtual Keyboard's battery life

6. Sensitivity: adjustable sensitivity of the Virtual Keyboard

7. Auto-repeat: Allows the VKB to automatically repeat a key based on prescribed parameters.

The Virtual Laser Keyboard (VKB) is the ULTIMATE new gadget for PC users. The

VKB emits laser on to the desk where it looks like the keyboard having QWERTY arrangement

of keys i.e., it uses a laser beam to generate a full-size perfectly operating laser keyboard that

smoothly connects to of PC and Most of the handheld devices (PDA's, tablet PC's). The I-Tech

laser keyboard acts exactly like any other "ordinary" keyboard: A direction technology based on

an optical recognition mechanism enables the user to tap on the projected key images, while

producing real tapping sounds (we call it the WOW effect). It is more compatible and it did not

require any practice to operate but you must have strong fingers to tap. The I-Tech Virtual

Keyboard uses a light projection of a full-sized computer keyboard on almost any surface. Used

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with PDA's and Smart Phones, the Virtual Keyboard provides a practical way to do e-mail, word

processing and spreadsheet tasks, enabling users to leave laptops and computers at home. VKB's

adaptable technology studies the user's finger movements to interpret and record keystrokes.

Because the virtual keyboard is an image projected by light, it disappears completely when not in

use.

Fig2.5: Virtual Keyboard

2.6 Digital Camera:

We had digital camera in the shape of pen .It is useful in video recording, video

conferencing, simply it is called as web cam. It is also connected with other devices through Blue

tooth. The major advantage it is small which is easily portable. It is a 360-Degree Visual

Communication Device. We have seen video phones hundreds of times in movies. However,

why can't we act naturally in front of videophone cameras? Conventional visual communications

at a distance have been limited due to the display devices and terminals. This terminal enables

showing of the surrounding atmosphere and group-to-group communication with a round display

and a central super-wide-angle camera.

A digital camera (or digicam) is a camera that encodes digital images and videos

digitally and stores them for later reproduction. Most cameras sold today are digital and digital

cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones (called

camera phones) to vehicles. Digital and film cameras share an optical system, typically using a

lens with a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup device. The diaphragm and

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shutter admit the correct amount of light to the imager, just as with film but the image pickup

device is electronic rather than chemical. However, unlike film cameras, digital cameras can

display images on a screen immediately after being recorded, and store and delete images from

memory. Many digital cameras can also record moving video with sound. Some digital cameras

can crop and stitch pictures and perform other elementary image editing.

A digital camera is a camera that stores pictures on a memory card instead of film.

Because of this, a digital camera can hold many more pictures than the traditional film camera. A

digital camera can sometimes hold hundreds of pictures. Different size memory cards are sold,

that can hold more or fewer pictures. Most digital cameras can use a USB cable that connects

into a computer to take the pictures that are in the camera and send them to the computer.

Digital photography is a kind of photography where a digital camera is used to take

photos. Digital cameras use an image sensor instead of photographic film, based on chemicals.

Very often, they also use a memory card to store the photos in a digital format. Most

photography is digital, though some photographers still use the old film cameras. The majority of

cameras are part of a mobile phone, called a "camera phone". They can send their pictures to

other phones and other devices. Most camera phones do not make as good pictures as larger

separate cameras do, especially where light is not bright. Most digital cameras can serve as

Video cameras. Some have a direct link to another computer where the data may be stored.

Fig2.6: Digital Camera

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2.7 Battery:

The most important part in the portable type of computer is its battery. Usually

batteries must be small in size and work for longer time. It comes with a battery life of 6+. For

normal use it can be used for 2 weeks. This 'pen sort of instrument' produces both the monitor as

well as the keyboard on any flat surfaces from where you can carry out functions you would

normally do on your desktop computer.

The storage device is of the type tubular holographic which is capable of storing. The use

of lithium ion battery in this gadget will reduce energy density, durability and cost factor.

By making Five Pen PC feasible, it will enable ubiquitous computing therefore it is

easier for people to use. Many applications can be imagined with this new technology. As it

makes use of E-fingerprinting the gadget will be more secure, which allows only owner to

activate the Pc. So even if we loose it, no one else can access the gadget. All PC’s communicate

each other with the help of Bluetooth technology and the entire gadget is connected to internet

(Wi-Fi). This technology is very portable, feasible and efficient. Everybody can use this

technology in very efficient manner. Some prototypes have been already developed in 2003

which are very feasible, but currently unclear. The enhancement in this technology can be

expected in coming years.

An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that

convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or

anode, and a negative terminal, or cathode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between the

electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work.

Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and discarded; the electrode

materials are irreversibly changed during discharge. Common examples are the alkaline battery

used for flashlights and a multitude of portable devices. Secondary (rechargeable batteries) can

be discharged and recharged multiple times; the original composition of the electrodes can be

restored by reverse current. Examples include the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium

ion batteries used for portable electronics.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechargeable_batteries

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_battery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashlight

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_battery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolyte

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anode

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cell


Batteries come in many shapes and sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing

aids and wristwatches to battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby power for

telephone exchanges and computer data centers. According to a 2005 estimate, the worldwide

battery industry generates US$48 billion in sales each year with 6% annual growth. Batteries

have much lower specific energy (energy per unit mass) than common fuels such as gasoline.

This is somewhat mitigated by the fact that batteries deliver their energy as electricity (which can

be converted efficiently to mechanical work), whereas using fuels in engines entails a low

efficiency of conversion to work.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000000000_(number)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_center

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_aid

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_aid


Chapter-3

REMARK

3.1 Advantages:

Portable Feasible Ubiquitous

Makes use of Wi-Fi technology

Mobility

Touch and feel the technology

3.2 Disadvantages:

Currently unclear

Cost

Easily misplaced

As the gadget is very costly the consumer cannot afford to purchase them.

The virtual keyboards are already present in various companies like Lumio and Virtual

Devices Inc.

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CONCLUSION

The communication devices are becoming smaller and compact. This is only a example for the

start of this new technology. We can expect more such developments in the future, It seems that

information terminals are infinitely getting smaller. However, we will continue to manipulate

them with our hands for now. We have visualized the connection between the latest technology

and the human, in a form of a pen. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-

style cellular phone with a handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small

projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass function. P-ISMs are

connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also

connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a

minimalistic pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing.

“The design concept uses five different pens to make a computer. One pen is a CPU, another

camera, one creates a virtual keyboard, another projects the visual output and thus the display

and another communicator (a phone). All five pens can rest in a holding block which recharges

the batteries and holds the mass storage. Each pen communicates wireless, possibly Bluetoo

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REFERENCES

[1] http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/history.html

[2] http://en.wikipidia.org/wiki/pen_computing

[3] http://www.softwaretoolbar.com/virtual_keboard.html

[4] http://www.compinfo_center.com/ledprojector.html

[5] http://users.erols.com/rwseries/biblio.html

[6] http://rwservices.no._ip.info:81/pens/biblio70html#gray1888b

[7] www.scribed.com/doc/67990223/report_on_5_pen_pct_echnology

[8] http://www.rockinglearners.blogspot.in/p/virtual_ke

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pism report

Engineering