p.j. beers h.p.a. boshuizen p.a. kirschner agreeing to disagree: perspective, negotiation and common...
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P.J. BeersH.P.A. BoshuizenP.A. Kirschner
Agreeing to Disagree:Agreeing to Disagree:Perspective, Negotiation andPerspective, Negotiation andCommon Ground in TeamsCommon Ground in Teams
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Wicked problems; e.g.Wicked problems; e.g.
Marketing
Macro-economics
Organisation science
Investment decision
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PePersrspepectctiviveses
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From unshared to constructed From unshared to constructed knowledgeknowledge
Unshared knowledg
eExternalis
ed knowledge
Common ground
Shared knowledge
Constructed
knowledge
Externalisation
Internalisation
Negotiation
Integration
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Negotiation ToolNegotiation Tool
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Research questionsResearch questions
• Does the tool increase thinking about:– The status of a conversation topic– Other team members– Collaboration strategy
• What thoughts do participants report about negotiation processes?
• What thoughts do participants report about the tool?
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Pilot studyPilot study
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Quantitative analysisQuantitative analysis
• Unshared knowledge• External knowledge• Common ground;• Other team members;• Strategic planning;
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Qualitative analysisQualitative analysis
• Misunderstandings• Difference between understanding
and agreement• Construction of knowledge• Difference in perspective• Commitment to common ground• Thoughts about the tool
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Results quantitative analysisResults quantitative analysis
Mean
Tool No Tool
Active knowledge 0.031 0.033
External knowledge 0.337 0.359
Common ground 0.087 0.073
Other team members 0.710 0.774
Strategy 0.239 0.229
Number of stops 17.33 11.33
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Results qualitative analysisResults qualitative analysis
• Many misunderstandings• Participants grasp difference
understanding vs. opinion• Participants learn together• Participants recognise differences in
perspective• Commitment to grounding ranges from
sheer manners to shared agreement – Commitment to grounding seems higher in
groups with the tool
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Results about the toolResults about the tool
• Record of common ground• Structuring the discussion• Using the board to ‘be useful’
• Groups without the tool sometimes don’t care about the board
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ConclusionsConclusions
• Setting offers enough opportunity for the tool to work
• Participants are able to use the tool
• Participants may have been more motivated to grounding with the tool