21st Century Fashion

PJ2 Individual Portfolio of Evidence Viktor Kwapich

ContentThe Concept of Mood Boards and Trend Agencies

Innovative Retail Strategies Westwood & McLarenFashion Exhibitions and Trade Shows

New York Study Tour & Subject Futures Week

CV’s and Personal Development

Tannery Tour and Leather Industry

High Street to Haute Couture

Sustainability & Environmental Fash-

Concept in Design

Technology & Fashion Media and Social Media

Colour

Market Levels Pyramids and Tribes

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The WGSN is a trend agency offering the sub-scription of the portal, which include the market leading trends forecasting for the designers, not only from the fashion industry, design-validation, crowd-sourcing and plenty of industry analysing data. Which can be used by designers as well as buyers, merchandisers or marketers? The idea of short-term forecasting has been created to highlight current events from a domestic and international perspective, as well as pop-culture to identify pos-sible trends, which can create communication with potential customers, through colour palette, fabric and silhouette story. Short-term forecasting gives a clear order of current events, art, sports and science and technology development. Short-term forecast-ing can be useful and helpful from a current per-spective, however, the WGSN has identified growing need of the long-term forecasting, and launched this into their offer as well(WGSN, 2016).The long-term

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WGSN

forecasting idea focuses mainly on two fol-lowing years to create upcoming trends.The idea of two years forecasting is a complex process, which has to include all the follow-ing events, as well as demographic, political, economic and cultural aspects, which may have an influence on the upcoming trends. The idea of two years forecasting is a complex process, which has to include all the following events, as well as demographic, political, eco-nomic and cultural aspects, which may have an influence on the upcoming trends(Grose, 2012). The long-term estimate present pos-sible trends, however, they may be changed when long-term prognoses become current which mean they become short-term forecast.The most popular trend agencies in the fashion in-dustry become a mentor of nowadays designers.The agencies like WGSN, Li Edelkoort, Trend Un-28 References and Bibliography

Mood Board is a type of collage splitting images, text and ex-amples of particular products.The concept of mood board has been created to express the de-sign trends in a sophisticated and effective way. An important aspect of a mood board is that they do not present the particu-

lar piece of products, but the possible examples of the prod-uct. However, the main idea is to inspire designers by shown colour, shape, fabric, pattern or a text. Mood board has been called as a presentation tool, using by design environment.The concept of mood boards

has been adopted by fashion agencies to inspire design-ers and support them in the creating process. It has been done as well, to simple and comfortable sharing of fol-lowing and future trends with people all around the world.

M O O D B O A R D C O N C E P T

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Innovative Retail Strategies Westwood & McLaren

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V i v i e n n e W e s t w o o d is a Brit ish fashion designer, and one of the members of Brit-ish pantheon of fashion de-signers(Brit ish Style Genius, 2008). Her innovative, unique, and often provocative expres-sion can be seen in each of re-leased projects. Her career has been star ted in late 1960’s, her projects always paid attention of public even on very early begin. Her f irst boutique has been opened in early 1970’s and cal led ‘Let It Rock’. The in-terior design of the store was extremely unique in this t imes, the store has been decorat-ed in 1950’s concept, plenty of posters from 50’s movie’s has been used as a wallpaper.

The latest introduction of a new image of a store has been named ‘World’s End’ and launched an-other collection called ‘pirate’. The concept of this collection was built around pirates as well as African’s patterns. Bright yel-low and orange colour mixed with deep red and plenty of gold cre-ated another extraordinary look.Her original retail strategy was not the only one interesting fact, Westwood always has very bright personality, and it has been seen many times. As an exam-ple of very bold manifest could be seen a cover of ‘Tatler ’ mag-azine (McDermott,1999). Vivi-enne has been dressed and char-acterised to look like a current for those times prime minister Margaret Thatcher. Her unique-ness is stil l visible, and her pro-jects raise a lot of emotions.

The most significant pieces of her clothing in this times were the drainpipe trousers and spectacular ‘Venus T-Shirt’ which used chicken bones as an element of a t-shirt. The impor-tant fact is that Westwood had very strong cooperation with Malcolm McLaren which was a store manager and works with her from very early begin. Her retail strategy was different than other brands this times; she understood that customers have demanded of effect ‘Wow!’ (Jackson and Shaw, 2001) that’s why she decided to change and rebrand store several times. In 1972, Westwood has introduced ‘Too Fast To Live, Too Young To Die’ her new in-troduction of another layout of boutique has been a real success (Krell,1997). Black heavy jackets, leather trousers including whole leather suits become her bestseller garments.

V i v i e n n e W e s t w o o d

“Fashion is all about playing with the polarities of masculine and Feminine with ideas about dress and undress. Fashion is eventually about being naked”

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Westwood, 1995

Another transformation of a store has been done in 1974. Great pink shop sign ‘SEX’ has been placed above the store entrance, and this was the exact name of the store. In this time, she has been sell-ing mainly S&M clothing as well as t-shirts with pornographic images. In 1976, the store has been rebrand-ed the fourth time and named ‘Sodi-tionaries’, the main audience that has been targeted were punks and skinheads. In the same time McLar-en launches the group the ‘Sex Pis-tols’(Lloyds, 2016) Her cooperation with this band was very controversial, however, Westwood as well as Sex Pistols had very controvertible ex-pression and matched to each other.

Fashion Exhibitions and Trade ShowsOne of the many ways to appear on the mar-ket is the trade show events. Each country has their own fashion calendar which has been built mainly around the trade shows(Lloyds, 2016). The main fashion events which take a place in the United Kingdom are Clothes Show and the MODA Fashion Show. The Clothes Show is a great fashion event which takes a place each year in December, in Birmingham. The event attracts people all around the world, now only for the UK, and present the garments for male as well as female. Clothes show which took place in December 2015 had four small cat-walks, which has been presenting collections of particular brands, and one main stage which showed general proposal of trends for the year 2016 (Clothesshow, 2016). Clothes show is a one of the most popular fashion events in the United Kingdom and it is available for

everyone. The main purpose of the event is to expose the initial brands as well as reputable brands which already had a group of custom-ers. People whose attend the event can enjoy the catwalk shows, meet celebrities, and ob-viously, purchase some piece of garments.

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T h e a n o t h e r u n m i s s a b l e e v e n f o r p e o p l e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e f a s h i o n i n -d u s t r y i s a n M O D A F a s h i o n S h o w, w h i c h t a k e s p l a c e i n F e b r u a r y a s w e l l a s C l o t h e s S h o w i n B i r m i n g h a m . M O D A h a s b e e n c r e a t e d o n l y f o r p e o p l e f r o m t h e i n d u s t r y a n d t h e m a i n p u r p o s e o f t h e e x h i b i t i o n i s t o e x p o s e b ra n d f o r t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l f a s h i o n b u y e r s . T h i s y e a r M O D A h a s b e e n j o i n e d b y o v e r t h e n 1 4 5 0 b ra n d s f r o m a c r o s s m e n s w e a r, w o m e n s w e a r, a c c e s s o r i e s , f o o t -w e a r, l i n g e r i e a n d s w i m w e a r ( M o d a f s a h i o n s h o w, 2 0 1 6 ) . T h e s h o w c a s e h a s p r e -s e n t e d b ra n d s f r o m a l l a r o u n d t h e w o r l d i n t h e U K t o u n i t e t h e e n t i r e f a s h -i o n i n d u s t r y i n o n e p l a c e . E x h i b i t o r s c o u l d r e n t a p a r t i c u l a r p l a c e a n d c r e a t e t h e i r o w n b o u t i q u e , a d d i t i o n a l l y, t h e y c o u l d t a k e a p a r t i n a f a s h i o n s h o w, a n d e x p o s e t h e i r p r o d u c t s o n t h e c a t w a l k a n d h a s b e e n s e e n b y b u y e r s .Af ter each show, buyers cou ld ask about a pr ivate show to have a bet ter look on par t icu -l a r o u t f i t s , e d i t t h e m a n d f i n a l l y c o n t a c t w i t h s u p p l i e r s , a n d d i s c u s s o f f e r d e t a i l s .

M O D A

Co l ou rO n e o f t h e l e c t u r e s , w h i c h h a s b e e n i n c l u d i n g i n m o d -u l e p r o g r a m m e w a s a b o u t c o l o u r. F r o m t e c h n i c a l p e r s p e c t i v e c o l o u r i s “ T h e p r o p e r t y p o s s e s s e d b y a n o b j e c t o f p r o d u c i n g d i f f e r -e n t s e n s a t i o n s o n t h e e y e a s a r e s u l t o f t h e w a y i t r e f l e c t s o r e m i t s l i g h t ” ( O x -f o r d D i c t i o n a r y O n l i n e , 2 0 1 6 ) H o w e v e r p e o p l e d o n o t t h i n k a b o u t c o l o u r s i n t h i s w a y. W h a t i s i m p o r t a n t t h a t b e c o m e v e r y c o m m o n f o r a l l t h e p e o p l e , a n d n o w m a n y o f t h e c a n n o t i m a g i n e t h e i r l i f e w i t h o u t c o l o u r ’s .T h e g u e s t s p e a k e r w h o h a s b e e n o n t h e l e c t u r e s s h o w n t o s t u d e n t s h o w a m a z i n g i s t h e p h e n o m e n o n o f c o l o u r s .

Each colour has significant meaning, and plenty of colours has been used as symbols. As an exam-ple red is a colour associated with power, green has been connected with calm. Another important thing about colours is that each colour has a variety of shades as well as warmer and colder tones.

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The basic chronology of the colours present warm and cold colours, the main aspect that de-cides does the colour is warm or cold is contain-ment of blue and red in particular colour. Each

colour is a mixture of the base colours like red, blue and green, the percentage of each of them included in colour had an influence on the tem-perature of the colour as well as on lightness.

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CV’s and Personal Development

One of the lectures has been dedicated to personal development and professionally built CV.The CV is a very important document which presents main personal aspects as educat ion, work exper ience and personal ski l ls . Many people think that crea-t ion of professional CV is not that diff icult , however , i t is a very specif ic doc-ument which uses certain standard and form. The important aspect of CV is the way of exposure of the information. I f the column with work exper ience in not the main thing to show, CV should be bui l t on the personal ski l ls column, to highl ight the abi l i ty which candidate has. However , i f an appl icant has got a great exper i -ence, i t should be the main body of the document , to attract the employer by this.Another important part of a creat ion of personal CV is the graphic layout. I t should be appropr iate for a posit ion which candidate apply for . (Beeson, 2016)

As an example If a student of fashion de-sign applies to design department of the company, he/she can emphasise person-al uniqueness by using creative cv layout.The creative CV exposes creativity and unique-ness of candidate by more original way of layout.This type of document is indicated for all the creative profession as a product designer, fashion designer to express style and under-standing of the current market design demand.However, If the same person applies for office

work it would be more appropriate to use classic layout to express personality in a more official way. This type of CV should stay simple and clear to show the professionalism of the candidate.Of course, there are many ways to create CV which will expose our personality as a per-fect candidate for some positions, however, it is very important to be careful with creat-ing CV. Some types of this document will suit to get some position, however, they will not necessarily suit to get another profession.

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During the 20th-century, fashion industry met phenomenon of trickle down and trickle up.Those two have a significant influence on the fashion industry, as well high street fashion as greatest catwalks all around the world. The phenomenon of trickle-down brought trends which appeared on catwalks of biggest icons of fashion to street style, what mean public audi-ence. It could be seen on the streets of a great metropolis like London, New York or Paris as well as smaller towns(Grose, 2012). Products which are available in popular brands like Zara,

Next, Primark very often are very similar copies of luxuries brands latest collections. Some de-signers like Alexander Wang, Roberto Cavalli or Versace had released entirely limited collections for popular Swedish brand H&M(H&M, 2016). It creates an opportunity for a bigger audience to purchase a piece of a garment designed by a famous designer in more affordable price.As it has been mentioned trickle down is just one of the phenomenon. Another unusual thing which appears in the fashion industry was trick-le up(The secret World of Haute Couture, 2010).

High Street to Haute Couture

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The phenomenon of trickle up is an opposite pro-cess to mention before trickle down. This time street trends, seen by designers inspire them to create something unexpected on the catwalk and brought some pieces of street fashion onto high fashion shows. Fashion icons like Vivienne West-wood or Versace are shown to the world that el-ements of a punk subculture like heavy leather jackets could be lunched into the high fashion

world in new refreshed and more luxuries way. As a result of penetration of those two worlds of street and high fashion couture which was a specific symbol of luxuries, garment becomes more available for a public audience as well.Handmade skirts, which cost a lot of pounds, become affordable and seen more often on the street(Lloyd, 2016).

Tannery Tour and Leather Industry

One of the lectures has been moved to the workshop of leather, placed on the Park Cam-pus, University of Northampton. During the tannery, students had uncommon opportu-nity to see how animal skin has been pro-cessed and become a final product as leather.The entire process begins straight after ani-mal dies, the skin has to be removed immedi-ately to avoid the process of decomposition of tissues. When skin has been removed it is not ready for processing, as a result of this undesirable fat have to be removed, to make sure that product which goes to colouring ma-

chine as a next stage does not contain any fat.After the fat has been removed out of the skin, the product goes to the colouring machine. There are two different techniques of dyeing skin, as a vegetable tanner which is one hundred natural, chrome tanner which use chemical substances. There are no limitations about colour which skin can be dyed on. However, one of them as white is the most expensive, what has been caused by comparing longer and more expensive process.When a process of dyeing has been complet-ed, a product needs to be dried by vacuum dri-er machine, which removes excess of water.

The purpose of the following stage is to stretch leather and as a result make it soft and more flexible. To stretch leather tanner use a spe-cial machine called staking machine. On this stage product is ready to use, however, it is lacking in additional features like pattern or gloss. To make leather shiny, leather has to be proceeding by glazing machine. If a custom-er orders some particular pattern, tanner has to use one of the techniques like spray dies or hand spray dies. This means that ordered prod-uct may have any even the fanciest patterns on.The tannery presented the entire process of pro-

ceeding skin however, it showed as well what are differences between particular types of leather, how difficult is to make high-quality leather and differences between low quality/cheap leather and this more expensive/higher quality product.As an example of the luxuries types of leath-er has been presented ostrich leather, and mentioned about crocodile leather. Those two are one of the most expensive types of leather. Another interesting aspect was the kangaroo leather, which has natural capaci-ty to be stronger and more flexible, what has been appreciated and used in the garment.

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New York Study Tour The year 2016 gave to students two excellent experienc-es as a New York study tour and the Subject Futures Week.For those who can effor t New York tour, i t was an amaz-ing oppor tunity to visit New York as well as have a clos-er look at the fashion industry in one of the fashion capitals. The New York tour has shown to the students how an indus-try works in America, and also gave them plenty of useful advice.Obviously except main par t of the tr ip, students had t ime to discover such an amazing New York City and feel even a bit l ike an inhabitant of Manhattan.Those who were not able to go to New York, University organ-ise another such an excit ing even as Subject Futures Week.

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SuBJECT FuTuRES WEEKDuring this week, students had an opportunity to meet people associated with British Fashion industry as well as the real icon of the industry as Sarah Harris whose work for Vogue mag-azine, one of the biggest fashion magazine. Sarah Harris gave a speech showing her long way in the industry, cooperation with different fashion designers, and important advice for stu-dents whose have plans to work in the industry.Subject futures week was a real experi-ence for everyone who were able to attend it.One of the meetings has been organised with Eibhin Taylor whose graduated the University of Northampton. Eibhin gave a speech presenting her entire journey from the moment when she has started University until present. Her speech shown to students how important is participat-

ing in fashion events, and how great benefits it can bring for them. She has explained as well how it is to be a freelancer, how challenging it may be on the begin, and how instructive it may be in the area of self-organisation as well as self-confident. Her great experience in coopera-tion with different companies connected to the fashion industry as well as those which are from another industry shown, how great self-develop-ment may bring to students working during study course, and how many skills students may get.Subject Futures week showed students plenty of different perspectives and opportunities of work in the industry. All the speech had been very evolving, full of inspiration and motivation, for those who are passionate about fashion.

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Market Levels Pyramids and TribesI t has been known fo r ages tha t peop le have a demand and asp i ra t ions , as one o f many ways peop le l i ke to ex -p ress themse lves th rough p roducts , wh ich they use . Mr Mas low has inves t iga ted hu -man psycho logy ve r y ca re fu l -l y and p roposed the h ie ra r -chy mode l ca l l ed ‘H ie ra rchy o f needs ’ the g raph p resents tha t human demands a re in the sma l les t , top par t o f th is py ramid(Jackson and Shaw, 2009) . Th is mean tha t the asp i ra t ions p lay the sma l les t ro le in to need h ie ra rchy. How-ever who do not have the as -p i ra t ions o f a be t te r ca r, b ig -ge r house o r pa i r o f G io rg io A rman i j eans . The Mas low ’s mode l has been adopted in to fash ion marke t ing as we l l , and c rea te a h ie ra rchy o f b rands , th rough consumer ac ronym.

DINKY’s this group of consumers has been featured as consumers whose have a double income and no kids, what mean single couples.

HEIDI’s people belonging to this group are highly educated individuals, whose has no partner.

SINDI’s is a group of consumers whose have a single income, caused by divorce.

NEET’s is a group of people without employment, whose are studding, or training their selves.

YAD’s group of young people whose are determinate to build up capital by saving money.

TIRED’s people whose belong to this group are around thirty years old stay single.

KIPPER’s is a group of youth whose are sponsored by parents.

Brands had used this acronym to target the right audience and fulfil consumers needs. This caused hierarchy of brands, as it can be seen there are brands like Versace, Channel or Lagerfeld whose had targeted luxurious market, what made their prices relatively higher and create brands repu-tation and demand for many people to achieve this level of income to afford their products. Obviously, there are other brands like Armani

whose have to build retail strategy through tar-geting few different groups at the same time through collection lines, like Giorgio Armani, Emporio Armani, limited Emporio Armani red, and relatively lower price range Armani Jeans. This segmentation of brand collections helps to target luxurious market as well as affordable but still appreciated by better-situated groups of consumers (Jackson and Shaw, 2009) .

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(Jackson and Shaw, 2009)

Sustainability & Environmental Fashion

The current environmental crisis has left the mark of the fashion industry as well as other industries all around the world. Sustainable marketing becomes important element of the fashion in many countries on globe. Climate changes forced on the industry necessary chang-es, to reduce a percentage of wasted materials, as well as using more durable materials to lengthen product life cycle(Inditex, 2010). This creates new opportunity for designers to dif-ferentiate their brand from others and offer to the consumer incredible product, made from more durable, ecologic material because consumption has been changed as well. Nowadays consumers look more often than ever before on the sustainable aspects of the product, like a place of production, materials which have been used, and the image of the brand(Child, 2016).As a result of those changes, brands use more often recyclable components like recycled rubber.However, many of brands realised that materials are not enough, and they made one more step by reducing pollution produced during the production of clothing as well as using fewer packages made from recycled components.

Puma to emphasise how pro-eco they are released whole campaign which shown how much work the company made to become friendlier to an environment.Puma created a new type of shoes box, to reduce waste of paper and following this avoid of massive deforestation, as well as reduce transport, usage of wa-ter and finally to recycle their products.This eco-trend creates a new phenomenon of the eco-friendly fashion industry and cre-ate a new positive way of building brands in a new more sustainable way (H&M, 2016). As a result of this as well as other technical changes many companies create decided to create new internet platforms to make shop-ping easier and friendly to the environment as well. By using web-shopping portals com-panies cut down expences of maintenance of shop, and at the same time reduce us-age of energy, by choosing the main way of clothes distribution online, and other sourc-es as water or heating of stores(H&M, 2016).

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Technology & Fashion Media and Social Media

People can express their selves through the own blog, YouTube channel or popular social media. This chance to present their life’s become opportu-nity to become popular, recognisable, and obviously design own branded name. There are thousands of fashion bloggers, whose advertise particu-lar brands via their social media profile. Popular bloggers platforms are In-stagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Flickr(Lloyds, 2016). Each blogger has an account on at least one of them and engaging with followers by posts pre-senting products which they use. The introduction of smartphones makes this process even easier and put a piece of internet straight to people’s pockets. The improvement of smartphone technology make taking pic-tures easier than ever before and following this trend bloggers are posting new entries almost each minute all around the world. To support sharing and popularity of the entries has been launched popular hashtag, this sim-ple symbol ‘#’ combined all the posts in the same time as categorising them, to make browsing of particular subjects even easier and handle.

N o w a d a y s v i r t u a l w o r l d b e c o m e s p a r t o f r e a l i t y , a n a s s o c i a t i o n b e t w e e n p e o p l e a n d i n t e r n e t h a s g r o w n a n d p l a c e d o n a c o m p l e t e l y n e w l e v e l a s n e v e r b e f o r e .T h e f a s h i o n i n d u s t r y h a s b e e n c o n n e c t e d w i t h t h e i n t e r n e t a s w e l l a s o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s .B r a n d s c r e a t e d w e b p a g -e s w h i c h e x p o s e b r a n d i d e n t i t y , b r a n d v a l u e s , a n d a l l t h o s e h a s b e e n p a c k e d i n w o n d e r f u l w e b p a g e l a y o u t t o e m -p h a s i s e b r a n d d e s i g n .C u r r e n t l y , m a j o r i t y o f b r a n d s h a s t h e i r o w n o n l i n e p l a t f o r m a n d a r e o f f e r i n g t o c u s -t o m e r s s u c h s i m p l e a n d c o m f o r t a b l e w a y o f p u r c h a s i n g p r o d u c t s a s o n l i n e s h o p p i n g . H o w e v e r , t h e t e c h n o -l o g i c a l r e v o l u t i o n h a s n o t b e e n s e e n a n d u s e d o n l y b y b r a n d s ( H & M , 2 0 1 6 ) . E a s y a c c e s s a n d a v a i l a b i l i t y o f t h e i n t e r n e t h a s c r e -a t e d a n o t h e r t r e n d o f b l o g g i n g a n d v l o g g i n g .

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Concept in Design

Gavin’s concept has been appreciated by many, as an example of his achievement was the Emerging Fashion Designer Award in 2013. The main award ceremony took place in Jamaica, and it has given to him an opportunity of work-ing with popular celebrity as Kelly Rowland. However Gavin has plenty more successes on his account as London Fashion Week, he has presented his projects at this event three times,

firstly in 2007 and the following years 2008 and 2009. His name becomes recognisable not only in Europe or Africa, he took part in BET Rip The Runway in New York as well (Douglas, 2016).As it can be seen the correct choice of a concept is an important thing to do, and right concept may take design-er on the top of the industry mountain.

One of the most important parts of projecting process of clothes is the main concept.The purpose of concept in design is to create one con-sistent collection and use chosen before materials. The idea of concept has been created to make designer’s work easier as well as the concept may be inspiring for them as well (Lloyds, 2016).The 21st-century mod-ule has been delivered through lectures, with many guest speakers.One of them was Gavin Doug-

las whose teaching on the Uni-versity Of Northampton Fash-ion design as well as Footwear design. Gavin shared with stu-dents his story of studding on the same University as well as his professional experience as a designer. After the grad-uation of the University, Gavin decided to start working in the industry and become a very successful designer(Douglas, 2016). However, the main and base thing which was with

him from the begin was his own concept. The concept is something that creates frames of the work and helps to stay consistent. His main advice about the concept was to always start with the con-cept and then make next step as research. It is very impor-tant to make a solid research to fully understand chosen concept and reflect it fully. Runway in New York as well.

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References and Bibliography 1. Beeson, H. (2016) PPTS. 21st Century Fash-

ion. FSH 1108-STD. University of Northamp-ton. 5th February

2. British Style Genius, [television programme, online], Prod. credit n.k., Prod. company n.k., Prod. country n.k., 21:00 7/10/2008, BBC TWO, 61mins. http://bobnational.net/record/_zYI8I-bIbQ0mHWI7IlIZg2B, (Accessed 18/04/2016)

3. Child, E. (2016) Sustainability. 21st Century Fashion. FSH 1108-STD. University of North-ampton. 19th February

4. Clothes Show (2016) clothershow.com[online] [Accessed 18 April 2016]

5. Gavin Douglas (2016) Concept In Design. 21st Century Fashion. FSH 1108-STD. University of Northampton.

6. Grose V. (2012) Concept to customer, London, Thames and Hudson Ltd.

7. H&M, (2016) Sales development in March 2016, April 2016.

8. H&M (2016) Sustainability report 2015.9. H&M (2016) Спецификации относно

ангажимента за устойчивост Бизнес-партньор H&M, Russia, January 2016.

10. Inditex (2010) Sustainable Inditex. Pp.1-3011. Jackson T. and Shaw D. (2001) Fashion buying

& merchandising management, London, Mac-Millan.

12. Jackson T. and Shaw D. (2009) Fashion mar-keting, London, MacMillan

13. Krell G. (1997) Vivienne Westwood London, Thames and Hudson Ltd.

14. Lloyd, C. (2016) Westwood & McLaren Inno-vative Retail Strategies Lecture. 21st Century Fashion. FSH 1108-STD. University of North-ampton. 22nd January

15. Lloyd, C. (2016) Trade Shows Lecture. 21st Century Fashion. FSH 1108-STD. University of Northampton. 22nd January

16. Lloyd, C. (2016) From High St to Haute Cou-ture. 21st Century Fashion. FSH 1108-STD. University of Northampton. 26th February

17. Lloyd, C. (2016) Concept in Design. 21st Cen-tury Fashion. FSH 1108-STD. University of Northampton. 26th February

18. Lloyd, C. (2016) Technology & FAshion Media, the ‘Blogosphere’. 21st Century Fashion. FSH 1108-STD. University of Northampton. 4th March

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