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Jurusan Teknik MesinPoliteknik Gunakarya Indonesia
APLIKASI MESIN LAS LISTRIK PADA PEMBUATAN
KANOPI DI PT. MUSASHI AUTO PARTS
INDONESIA
Laporan Praktek Kerja Lapangan
Disusun oleh :
SAFRYAN EKO PRSETYONIM : 1321401070
POLITEKNIK GUNAKARYA INDONESIABEKASI, Januari 2016
TANDA PERSETUJUANLAPORAN PRAKTEK KERJA LAPANGANPT. MUSASHI AUTO PARTS INDONESIA
Nama Mahasiswa : SAFRYAN EKO PRASETYO
NIM : 1321401070
Judul Laporan : Aplikasi Mesin Las Listrik Pada Pembuatan Kanopi
Tanggal : 23 Januari 2016
Kasie General Affair Leader Maintenance GA
PT. Musashi Auto Parts Indonesia Pembimbing Pkl
Bpk. Harsono Ibu. Intarti Sudrajat
i
TANDA PERSETUJUANLAPORAN PRAKTEK KERJA LAPANGANPOLITEKNIK GUNAKARYA INDONESIA
Nama Mahasiswa : SAFRYAN EKO PRASETYO
NIM : 1321401070
Judul Laporan : Aplikasi Mesin Las Listrik Pada Pembuatan Kanopi
Tanggal : 23 Januari 2016
Politeknik Gunakarya Indonesia
Pembimbing PKL
Bpk. Abdul Haris, ST
ii
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur saya panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang Maha Esa.
Karena atas rahmat dan karuniaNya saya dapat menyelesaikan laporan ini dengan
baik, setelah melaksanakan PKL selama 2 bulan terhitung tanggal 01 Oktober
2015 sampai tanggal 30 November 2015 di PT. Musashi Auto Parts Indonesia.
Tidak lupa saya mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada pihak yang telah
membantu dalam penyusunan laporan ini, antara lain kepada :
1. Kedua Orang Tua yang telah mendukung baik secara moril maupun materil.
2. Bapak Holong, SE.,MM, selaku Bidang Akademik Politeknik Gunakarya
Indonesia.
3. Bapak Abdul Haris, ST, selaku pembimbing laporan PKL di politeknik
Gunakarya Indonesia.
4. Bapak Gatut P. Prianto, selaku HRD di PT. Musashi Auto Parts Indonesia.
5. Bapak Harsono, selaku Kasie General Affair (GA) di PT. Musashi Auto Parts
Indonesia.
6. Ibu Intarti Sudrajat, selaku pembimbing lapangan Maintenance GA di PT.
Musashi Auto Parts Indonesia.
Saya menyadari masih banyak kekurangan dalam pebuatan laporan ini,
sehingga saran dan kritik yang bersifat membangun sangat diharapkan demi
kesempurnan laporan ini. Akhir kata saya ucapkan banyak terimakasih kepada
semua pihak yang turut membantu dalam penyusunn laporan ini
Bekasi, 23 Januari 2016
Hormat saya,
( Safryan Eko Prasetyo )
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DAFTAR ISI
Tanda Persetujuan Perusahaan ......................................................................... i
Tanda Persetujuan Pembimbing ....................................................................... ii
Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................... iii
Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................ iv
Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................... vii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .................................................................................... 2
1.3 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................... 2
1.4 Tujuan Praktek Kerja Lapangan (PKL) ....................................................... 2
1.5 Manfaat Praktek Kerja Lapangan (PKL) .................................................... 3
BAB II TINJAUAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN
2.1 Sejarah Berdirinya ....................................................................................... 4
2.2 Profil Perusahaan ......................................................................................... 5
2.3 Visi & Misi .................................................................................................. 6
2.4 Tujuan .......................................................................................................... 6
2.5 Sistem Manajemen ...................................................................................... 6
2.6 Struktur Organisasi ...................................................................................... 7
2.7 Jam Kerja ..................................................................................................... 8
2.8 Fasilitas ........................................................................................................ 9
BAB III PEMBAHASAN
3.1 Dasar Teori .................................................................................................. 10
3.1.1 Pengertian Pengelasan ................................................................ 10
3.1.2 Pengertian Mesin Las Listrik ...................................................... 10
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3.2 Jenis-jenis mesin las listrik .......................................................................... 11
3.2.1 Mesin las listrik AC ..................................................................... 11
3.2.2 Mesin las listrik DC ..................................................................... 11
3.3 Pengkutuban elektroda ................................................................................ 12
3.3.1 Pengkutuban langsung ................................................................ 12
3.3.2 Pengkutuban terbalik ................................................................... 12
3.3.3 Pengaruh pengkutuban pada hasil las .......................................... 13
3.4 Tegangan dan arus listrik pada mesin las .................................................... 13
3.4.1 Tegangan (Voltase) ..................................................................... 13
3.4.2 Arus listrik (Ampere) .................................................................. 14
3.5 Alat – alat bantu las...................................................................................... 14
3.5.1 Kabel las ...................................................................................... 14
3.5.2 Pegangan elektroda ..................................................................... 15
3.5.3 Palu las ......................................................................................... 15
3.5.4 Sikat kawat/baja .......................................................................... 16
3.5.6 Klem massa.................................................................................. 16
3.5.7 Penjepit (tang).............................................................................. 17
3.6 Perlengkapan keselamatan kerja................................................................... 17
3.6.1 Helm / Topeng las ........................................................................ 17
3.6.2 Sarung tangan kulit ...................................................................... 18
3.6.3 Baju las / apron ............................................................................ 18
3.6.4 Sepatu las ..................................................................................... 18
3.6.5 Kamar las ..................................................................................... 19
3.7 Jenis-jenis elektroda ..................................................................................... 19
3.7.1 Elektroda baja lunak .................................................................... 19
3.7.2 Elektroda berselaput .................................................................... 20
3.7.3 Elektroda untuk besi tuang .......................................................... 21
3.7.4 Elektroda untuk pelapis keras ...................................................... 22
3.8 Gerakan elektroda ........................................................................................ 22
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3.9 Posisi pengelasan ...................................................................................... 24
3.9.1 Posisi bawah tangan.................................................................... 24
3.9 2 Posisi tegak (Vertikal) ................................................................ 24
3.9.3 Posisi datar (Horizontal) ............................................................. 25
3.9.4 Posisi di atas kepala (Over Head) ............................................... 25
3.9.5 Posisi datar (1G) ......................................................................... 26
3.9.6 Posisi horizontal (2G) ................................................................. 26
3.9.7 Posisi vertikal (3G) ..................................................................... 27
3.9.8 Posisi horizontal pipa (5G) ......................................................... 27
3.9.9 Posisi Fillet ................................................................................. 28
3.10 Keselamatan kerja ...................................................................................... 28
3.10.1 Keselamatan pekerja .................................................................. 29
3.10.2 Keselamatan benda dan peralatan ............................................. 29
3.10.3 Keselamatan lingkungan............................................................ 29
3.11 Pemecahan masalah dan kendala ............................................................... 30
3.11.1 Kendala ..................................................................................... 30
3.11.2 Pemecahan masalah ................................................................... 30
BAB IV PELAKSANAAN PRAKTEK
4.1 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................... 31
4.1.1 Peralatan .................................................................................... 31
4.1.2 Bahan ......................................................................................... 31
4.2 Persiapan ..................................................................................................... 32
4.3. Pengerjaan ................................................................................................... 32
BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................................................. 41
5.2 Saran-saran.................................................................................................. 41
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 42
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 3.2.1 Las listrik AC ............................................................................ 11
Gambar 3.2.2 Las listrik DC ............................................................................ 11
Gambar 3.3.1 Pengkutuban langsung .............................................................. 12
Gambar 3.3.2 Pengkutuban terbalik ................................................................ 12
Gambar 3.3.3 Pengaruh pengkutuban .............................................................. 13
Gambar 3.4.1 Parameter voltase ...................................................................... 13
Gambar 3.4.2 Parameter ampere...................................................................... 14
Gambar 3.5.1.a Kabel las.................................................................................... 14
Gambar 3.5.1.b Komponen Kabel Las ............................................................... 15
Gambar 3.5.2 Pemegang Elektroda ................................................................. 15
Gambar 3.5.3 Palu Las..................................................................................... 15
Gambar 3.5.4 Sikat kawat ................................................................................ 16
Gambar 3.5.5 Klem Massa............................................................................... 16
Gambar 3.5.6 Penjepit (Tang).......................................................................... 17
Gambar 3.6.1 Topeng Las................................................................................ 17
Gambar 3.6.2 Sarung Tangan Kulit ................................................................. 18
Gambar 3.6.3 Baju las / Apron ........................................................................ 18
Gambar 3.6.4 Sepatu Las ................................................................................. 18
Gambar 3.6.5 Kamar Las ................................................................................. 19
Gambar 3.7 Elektroda RB-26 ....................................................................... 19
Gambar 3.8.b.1 Gerakan alur spiral .................................................................... 23
Gambar 3.8.b.2 Gerakan alur zig-zag ................................................................. 23
Gambar 3.8.b.3 Gerakan alur segitiga ................................................................ 24
Gambar 3.9.1 Posisi pengelasan bawah tangan .............................................. 24
Gambar 3.9.2 Posisi pengelasan vertikal ........................................................ 24
Gambar 3.9.3 Posisi pengelasan horizontal .................................................... 25
Gambar 3.9.4 Posisi pengelasan overhead ..................................................... 25
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Gambar 3.9.5 Posisi pengelasan 1G................................................................. 26
Gambar 3.9.6 Posisi pengelasan 2G................................................................. 26
Gambar 3.9.7 Posisi pengelasan 3G................................................................. 27
Gambar 3.9.8 Posisi pengelasan 5G................................................................. 27
Gambar 3.9.9 Posisi pengelasan fillet .............................................................. 28
Gambar 4.3.a Besi Holo................................................................................... 32
Gambar 4.3.b Pemotongan plat strip dengan cutting wheel ............................ 33
Gambar 4.3.c Penghilangan sisa potongan besi .............................................. 33
Gambar 4.3.d Besi holo yang sudah dipotong ................................................. 34
Gambar 4.3.e Rangka penyangga kanopi depan ............................................. 35
Gambar 4.3.f Plat strip untuk dudukan rangka ............................................... 36
Gambar 4.3.g Rangka samping dan dudukan plat setelah di las ..................... 37
Gambar 4.3.h Rangka kanopi samping setelah di cat ...................................... 38
Gambar 4.3.i Kanopi setelah pemasangan ...................................................... 40
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