pl profiles of state and region hluttaw speakers …...က ခ င ရ င ဖ ဖ ရ ပ တ မ...
TRANSCRIPT
တငးေဒသႀကးႏင ျပညနယလႊတေတာဥက႒မား ေနာကခအေၾကာငးႏင ရညရြယခက ဤေဆာငးပါးသည ျပညေထာငစေရြးေကာကပြေကာမရငမ ရရေသာအခကအလကရငးျမစ မားက အသးျပ၍ တငးေဒသႀကးႏငျပညနယလႊတေတာဥက႒အသးသး၏ ပါတ၊ အသကအရြယ၊ ဘာသာ၊လမးအလက ေနာကခအခကအလကမားက အကဥးအားျဖင သးသပထားပါသည။ လငျမနစြာေျပာငးလလကရေသာ ျမနမာႏငငေရးအေျပာငးအလကာလတြင တငး/ျပညနယ အစးရအဖြ႕ႏင တငး/ျပညနယလႊတေတာမားသည ခငမာအားေကာငးေသာ ဒမကေရစစနစႏင ဗဟခပကငမႈေလာခေရးတ႔တြင အလြနအေရးပါေသာအခနးက႑မ ပါဝငလကရသည။ ၂၀၀၈ ဖြ႕စညးပအေျခခဥပေဒ ၊ ပဒမ ၂၆၁ အရ တငး/ျပညနယလႊတေတာမားသည မမတ႔သကဆငရာ တငး/ျပညနယဝနႀကးခပက ေရြးခယခန႔အပပငခြငမရရသညအတြက လႊတေတာက အစးရအဖြ႕ မားက အျပနအလနထနးေကာငးႏငသညအေျခအေနတစရပက ေကာငးစြာမရရေသးေသာလညး တငး/ျပညနယလႊတေတာကယစားလယမားက မေပးေရြးခယ၍ မမတ႔တငးေဒသႀကး/ျပညနယ လႊတေတာဥက႒ႏင ဒ-ဥက႒မားက ခန႔အပပငခြငရသည။ တငး/ျပညနယလႊတေတာလႊတေတာဥက႒မားသည လႊတေတာပမနအစညးအေဝး၊ အထးအစညးအေဝးႏငအေရးေပၚအစညးအေဝးမားကငးပေရးက ႀကးမေဆာငရြကသည။ ၎သည ႏငငေတာသမၼတ (သ႔မဟတ) တငး/ျပညနယဝနႀကးခပက တငးေဒသႀကးႏင ျပညနယလႊတေတာတြင မန႔ခြနးေျပာၾကားရန ဆႏၵရပါက မမတ႔ သကဆငရာလႊတေတာသ႔ ဖတေခၚကာ စစဥ ေဆာငရြကႏငသည။ ထနညးတပင လႊတေတာဥက႒သည ဖြ႔စညးပအေျခခဥပေဒႏငအည ဖြ႕စညးထားေသာ တငး/ျပညနယအဆငအဖြ႕မား၊ ယငးအဖြ႕၏ ကယစားလယမားက လႊတေတာ အစညးအေဝးမားသ႔ တကေရာကခြငျပႏငသည။ ဤေဆာငးပါးပါ လႊတေတာဥက႒မား၏ ေနာကခအခကအလကမားက ျပညေထာငစ ေရြးေကာကပြေကာမရငမ ရရပါသည။ ယခအခါ တငး/ျပညနယလႊတေတာမားသည မားစြာအေရးပါလာသညအေလာက လႊတေတာ၏လပငနးရပမားက ႀကးမးေဆာငရြကၾကသည ယငးလႊတေတာဥက႒မား၏ ေနာကခ အခကအလကမားက ဤေဆာငးပါးရငက ပငးျခားစတျဖာ၍ သးသပေပးလသည ရညရြယရငး ျဖစသည။
ေလလာဆနးစစခက ႏငငေရးပါတႏငကား/မပါဝငမႈ တငး/ျပညနယလႊတေတာဥက႒ (၁၄) ဥးရသညအနက (၁၂) ဥးသည အမးသား ဒမကေရစအဖြ႕ခပမျဖစသည။ အျခားႏစဥးမာ ရမးျပညနယလႊတေတာဥက႒သည ျပညေထာငစ ႀက႕ခငေရးႏငဖြ႔ၿဖးေရးပါတမျဖစၿပး ရခငျပညနယလႊတေတာဥက႒သည ရခငအမးသားပါတမျဖစၾက သည။ ကား/မ ပါဝငမႈအေနျဖင မြနျပညနယလႊတေတာဥက႒တစဥးသာ အမးသမးျဖစရာ လႊတေတာဥက႒ရာထးေနရာတြင အမးသားမားကသာ လႊမးမးမႈရဆျဖစေၾကာငး သးသပႏငသည။
ပ (၁) တငးေဒသၾကးႏင ျပညနယလႊတေတာ ဥက႒မား၏ ေနာကခအခကအလကမား
အသက
ပ (၂) တငးေဒသၾကးႏင ျပညနယလႊတေတာဥက႒မား၏ အသကမား
လႊတေတာဥက႒ (၁၄) ဥးလး၏ ပမးမအသကမာ ၆၂ ႏစျဖစကာ ၂၀၁၆ ခႏစတြင ေရာကရသညအသကအရြယအလက အသကအႀကးဆးဥက႒မာ ကခငျပညနယလႊတေတာဥက႒ ဥးထြနးတင (၇၂) ႏစ ႏင အသကအငယဆးဥက႒မာ ကယားျပညနယလႊတေတာဥက႒ ဥးလေထြး (၅၂) ႏစ တ႔ျဖစၾကသည။ လ ႊတေတာဥက႒အမားစမာ အသက ၅၆ ႏင ၆၀ တြငးျဖစၾကသည။ လမးႏငဘာသာ ကးကြယသညဘာသာတြင ခငးျပညနယလႊတေတာဥက႒ ဥးဇဘြ တစဥးသာလင ခရစယာနဘာသာဝငျဖစသညကေတြ႔ရၿပး အျခားတငးႏငျပညနယအသးသးမ ဥက႒မားသည ဗဒ ၶဘာသာဝငမားျဖစသည။
ပ (၃)တငးေဒသၾကးႏင ျပညနယလႊတေတာဥက႒မား၏ ကးကြယသညဘာသာမား
လမးအားျဖငဆလင ျပညနယႏငတငး (၇) ခမ လႊတေတာဥက႒မားသည ဗမာ လမးမားျဖစၿပး ကခငျပညနယႏင ကယားျပညနယ၏ လႊတေတာဥက႒ႏစဥးမာ ဗမာလမးမားျဖစ ေၾကာငး ေတြ႔ရသည။ အျခားျပညနယမားျဖစေသာ ကရင၊ ခငး၊ မြန၊ ရခင ႏင ရမးျပညနယတ႔မ လႊတေတာဥက႒မားသည တငးရငးသားလမးမား အသးသးျဖစၾကသည။ နဂး အခပအားျဖငဆလင တငးႏငျပညနယ (၁၄) ခ၏ လႊတေတာဥက႒ေနရာမားအနက (၁၂) ခတြင ၂၀၁၅ အေထြေထြေရြးေကာကပြမ အႏငရပါတျဖစေသာ အမးသားဒမကေရစအဖြ႕ခပပါတ၏ အမးသားကယစားလယအမားစက လႊတေတာဥက႒အျဖစ တာဝန ယေဆာငရြကလက ရၾကပါသည။ ကးကား ၂၀၀၈ ဖြ႕စညးပအေျခခဥပေဒ ျပညေထာငစေရြးေကာကပြေကာမရင၊ ျမနမာ။
http://www.uecmyanmar.org/
State and Region Hluttaw Speakers’ Profiles
Background and Objectives This article presents a brief analysis of speakers’ demographics in terms of political parties, age, religion and ethnicity. In the rapid transition, regional government and regional parliaments play a pivotal role for decentralization and stronger democracy system. Yet state and regional parliaments are not able to act as a check and balance on regional governments due to the Constitution. According to Article 261 in the 2008 Constitution, regional parliaments are not able to appoint their chief ministers. However, regional parliament representatives are able to elect a speaker and a deputy speaker. The speaker of the state/region hluttaw shall supervise parliamentary sessions and convene regular, special and emergency sessions. If he or she is informed of the president’s or the chief minister’s desire to address the state/region hluttaw, the speaker shall invite the President and make arrangement for the Chief Minister. The speaker also shall have the right to invite persons representing state/region level organization formed under the Constitution to attend the parliamentary session and give clarifications.2 The demographic data used in this article was obtained from Union Election Commission. As regional parliaments are becoming more and more important, this articles aims to shed some lights on who is in charge of parliamentary functions at regional level. Analysis (1) Political Parties and Gender The National League for Democracy holds 12 of 14 speaker positions in state/region hluttaws. The Union Solidarity and Development Party and Rakhine National Party hold the posts in Shan State and Rakhine state respectively. Speaker position is still pretty much occupied by male parliamentarians since only in Mon State Hluttaw a female MP is appointed as the speaker.
Figure (1) State and Region Hluttaw Speakers’ Background Data
Age The average age of all speakers is 63. The oldest is U Tun Tin, the speaker of Kachin State Hluttaw, and is 72 years old as of 2016. Meanwhile, U Hla Twe from Kayah State Hluttawis the youngest at the age of 52 years. Most speakers are between the ages of 56 and 60.
Figure (2) State and Region Hluttaw Speakers’ Ages
Ethnicity and Religion Only Chin State Hluttaw speaker, U Bo Zwal, is a Christian whereas others are Buddhists. All the speakers from 7 region huttaws are Bamar. On the other hand, there are only two Bamar speakers in ethnic state hluttaws, which are Kachin and Kayah. Kayin, Chin, Mon, Rakhine and Shan state Hluttaws have speakers who are of respective ethnic groups.
Figure (3) State and Region Hluttaw Speakers’ Religions
Conclusion In short, male parliamentarians still dominate speaker posts and the National League for Democracy, being the winning party of 2015 general election, managed to take 12 out of 14 regional hluttaw speaker posts. References Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008) Union Election Commission, Myanmar http://www.uecmyanmar.org/