plagiarism in an online world
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Plagiarism In An Online World. IDC 2001-2002 Presented by: Jessica Hand, Mile End, EMSB Sabine Cossette, EMSB RECIT A special thank you to Alex Roberts, a teacher with the Halifax Regional School Board, for allowing us to use parts of his power point presentation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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IDC 2001-2002 Presented by:
Jessica Hand, Mile End, EMSBSabine Cossette, EMSB RECIT
A special thank you to Alex Roberts, a teacher with the Halifax Regional School Board,
for allowing us to use parts of his power point presentation.
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Click, Click, Cut, Paste… Student Plagiarism in an Online World
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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• Plagiarism is an issue that will arise given the access to the WWW
• But the WWW has value and many resources
• Students need to learn to respect intellectual
property
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Quotable…“Recent studies indicate that approximately 30 percent of all students may be plagiarizing on every written assignment they complete.”
- Turnitin.com
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Game Plan… Awareness
Prevention Strategies Detection Strategies Resources
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Graphic Evidence …In a recent survey (Who’s Who Among American High School Students)
80 percent of high achieving high schoolers admitted to having cheated at least once
Half said they did not believe cheating was necessarily wrong
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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95% of cheaters said they had never been caught.
Three in four admitted to plagiarizing at least some parts of term papers.
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Plagiarism n. act of taking ideas, passages etc. from an author and presenting them as one’s own - plagiarize or -ise v.
-Standard dictionary definition
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Model referencing:
• Students have to learn about citation
• E.g. keep an Internet log (finished product)
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Some students feel their writing skills are inadequate
Some students try to rationalize copying or buying material from the Web as a form of “research” Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Quotable…“When you take stuff from one writer it’s plagiarism. When you take it from many writers it’s called research.”
-Wilson Mizner
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Tip…“Junior high and high school students are more likely to crib copy from CD-ROM encyclopedias or take pieces of research whole cloth off a Web page rather than buy a term paper.”
- Jane Healey, educational psychologist
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Suggestion:
• On a ped day take 2 hours
• Look at the resources online
as well as CDs
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Common forms of online plagiarism Downloading a free research paper
Buying a paper from a commercial “paper mill” e.g. Termpapers.com
Copying an article from the Web (e.g. an online database)
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Most common:
•Outline sites
•Anything not to read the book
•The “Coles Notes” approach
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“Cutting and pasting” to create a paper from several sites or sources – AKA the “assembly-kit” approach.
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Faking a “citation” or making up quotations
Quoting less than all the words copied. (i.e missing quotation marks or premature end quotation marks.)
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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TIP…
Do spot checks on quotations.
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Research shows that cheaters :
•tend to be better students, since they were often under the most academic pressure to succeed
•were more likely to have access to the Internet at home
Tip…
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Quotable…“Prevention is the most important element in the fight against plagiarism.”
- Plagiarizeddot.comAlex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
Prevention
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Strategies for Prevention Establish a “digital code of ethics” at the beginning of the year
Make the penalties clear
Educate your students about plagiarism
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Provide a list of specific topics (the narrower the better)
Example: ClassicNotes
Run background checks on major topics
Visit some of the favourite reference sites e.g. Microsoft’s Encarta Encyclopedia
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Require oral reports of student papers
Require specific components in the paper
Have students include an annotated bibliography
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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TIP…
Start small - Have students:
•Use Image logs
•Learn about Netcitation
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Tip…Requirements that will strongly inhibit plagiarism, include:
Use of one or more sources written within the past year
Use of one or more articles or books that YOU provideAlex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Incorporation of some information or data YOU provide
A personal interview with an expert or authority
Require a meta-learning essay
Not allowing students to pick their “own” topic. (See www.Papers123.com)
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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TIP…
•Keep it student centered by having students come up with a focused research question.
•The final draft should not be the first time you see the paper!
•Try WebQuests
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TIP…
Request hardcopies and/or electronic copies of the project at different stages in the research
For example:
•Outlines
•Plans
•Drafts
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Strategies for Detecting Plagiarized Work Writing style and level i.e. is the student’s work consistent with the student’s previous work?
Size matters
Lack of references or quotations
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Signs of datedness
Off the topic
Anachronisms
Anomalies of diction
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Smoking guns AKA “blunders of the clueless” e.g. URL’s, “graphic omitted,” whiteout, etc.
Anomalies of style e.g. a mixture of British and American spelling
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Tip…If possible, require students to pass in projects and essays backed up on disk. Acts as a deterrent and makes detection easier.
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Strange/poor layout (the “print right away brigade”)
The ultimate in naiveté – printed right from the Internet Browser – Oh my!
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Tip…To find an exact match for a specific phrase (string), conduct a “string search” by putting quotation marks around the phrase. Use a “string search site” such as Altavista, Lycos or Metacrawler.
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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Yet Another Tip…Use illogical combinations. Eg. “globalism” and “free trade” returned 6,789 hits on Altavista .com To catch a plagiarist make your searches illogical by combining a rare word from the essay with an operative word e.g. “globalism” and “beanie babies” returned 3 hits.
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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For difficult to detect plagiarism… Use Findsame. It will return a list of matching pages, ranked by percent of sameness. www.Findsame.com
Or try a large-database, full-text search engine like Google, Northern Light or Fastsearch
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board
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"Since I began using Turnitin.com in my classes, the incidence of plagiarism has dropped to almost zero. The level of trust in my classroom has gone up 100 percent, not only between teacher and student but also among my students themselves."
David Presti, Professor of Neurobiology, UC Berkeley Taken from Turnitin.com, November 15, 2001, http://www.turnitin.com/
USERNAME: [email protected]: scy694bzq
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Visit the the term paper sites
Use a commercial plagiarism detector such as www.Plagiarism.org.
Alex Roberts – Halifax Regional School Board