planetary exploration in esa gerhard h. schwehm head of ... · mars express scientific objectives...

31
1 Planetary Missions Division GS June ‘04 Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of Planetary Missions Division Directorate of the Scientific Programme, ESA Probe2WS, NASA-Ames, 23/08/04 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070014673 2019-08-16T05:29:34+00:00Z

Upload: hoangxuyen

Post on 16-Aug-2019

217 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

1P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Plan

etar

y Ex

plor

atio

n in

ESA

Ger

hard

H. S

chw

ehm

Hea

d of

Pla

neta

ry M

issi

ons

Div

isio

n

Dire

ctor

ate

of th

e Sc

ient

ific

Prog

ram

me,

ESA

Prob

e2W

S, N

ASA

-Am

es, 2

3/08

/04

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070014673 2019-08-16T05:29:34+00:00Z

Page 2: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

2P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Die

Mis

ione

n de

rESA

2012

BEP

I CO

LOM

BO

—M

ercu

ry

2003

SM

AR

T-1-

-Moo

n&SE

P Te

chno

logy

(26

-09-

03)

2004

RO

SETT

A –

Com

et O

rbite

r & L

ande

r (02

-03-

04)

2003

Mar

s Ex

pres

s —

Plan

etol

ogy

& E

xobi

olog

y (0

2-06

-03)

1997

CA

SSIN

I-HU

YGEN

S —

Tita

n Pr

obe

1985

GIO

TTO

—H

alle

y’s

Com

et F

ly-b

y &

Grig

g-Sk

jelle

rup

Fly-

by

2005

VEN

US

EXPR

ESS

—A

tmos

pher

e &

Sur

face

(11-

05)

Page 3: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

From

the

elem

ents

to d

ust

From

dus

t to

the

vola

tile

mat

eria

l

From

the

sola

r neb

ula

to th

e pr

esen

t so

lar s

yste

m

From

hyd

roge

n to

the

heav

y el

emen

tsB

ig B

ang,

13

Bill

ion

year

s, c

reat

ion

of

Hyd

roge

n an

d H

eliu

m

His

tory

of t

he so

lar

syst

em m

ater

ial

Page 4: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

4P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

The

Ros

etta

Sto

ne W

as T

he K

ey T

o D

ecip

her

The

Hie

rogl

yphs

Ros

etta

can

be th

e ke

y to

our

un

ders

tand

ing

of th

e or

igin

and

ev

olut

ion

of th

e Pl

anet

ary

Syst

emT

arge

t:C

omet

67P

/Chu

ryum

ov-

Ger

asim

enko

Lau

nch:

2 M

arch

200

4, 7

:17

UT

CO

nboa

rd is

a sm

all s

tatio

n to

be

depl

oyed

ont

o th

e co

met

RO

SETT

A: T

he C

omet

Mis

sion

Page 5: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

5P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

The

Ros

etta

Sto

new

as n

ot th

e on

ly

clue

use

d in

dec

iphe

ring

the

hier

ogly

phs

Roy

al c

arto

uche

s of

Cle

opat

ra a

nd

Ptol

emy

on th

e Ph

ilae

obel

isk

allo

wed

iden

tific

atio

n of

pho

netic

w

ritin

gTh

e PH

ILA

Ela

nder

will

con

trib

ute

to R

oset

ta's

task

to u

nrav

el th

e or

igin

of o

ur s

olar

sys

tem

A N

ew N

ame

For T

he L

ande

r:PH

ILA

E

Page 6: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

6P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

The

Ros

etta

Mis

sion

Scie

ntifi

c O

bjec

tives

: St

udy

The

orig

in o

f com

ets

Rel

atio

nshi

p be

twee

n co

met

s an

d in

ters

tella

r mat

eria

lTh

e or

igin

of o

ur S

olar

Sys

tem

The

Orig

in o

f Life

Orb

iter P

aylo

ad:

Imag

ing

and

Spe

ctro

met

ry (U

V-

Sub

mm

)D

ust a

nd G

as M

asss

pect

rom

eter

s (Is

otop

ic ra

tios)

Dus

t Env

ironm

ent

Pla

sma

Inte

ract

ion

with

the

Sol

ar W

ind

Land

er

Page 7: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

7P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Land

er: D

esig

n C

hara

cter

istic

s

Land

ing

gear

dam

ping

rota

tion

and

varia

tion

of h

eigh

tan

chor

ing

Ener

gy a

nd th

erm

also

lar c

ells

pr

imar

y an

d se

cond

ary

batte

ries

no ra

dioa

ctiv

e so

urce

s

Page 8: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

8P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Land

er: D

esig

n C

hara

cter

istic

s

Land

ing

gear

dam

ping

rota

tion

and

varia

tion

of h

eigh

tan

chor

ing

Ener

gy a

nd th

erm

also

lar c

ells

pr

imar

y an

d se

cond

ary

batte

ries

no ra

dioa

ctiv

e so

urce

s

Acc

omm

odat

ion

som

e in

stru

men

ts o

n “b

alco

ny”

othe

r sci

ence

in “

war

m”

com

part

men

t

Dat

a com

mon

pro

cess

ors

tran

smis

sion

16

kb/s

via

Orb

iter

Page 9: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

9P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

²v1

v 0,la

nv o

r,sep

v rot

,com

et

RO

SETT

AO

rbite

rR

oLan

dSepa

ratio

n

alig

n or

bite

r atti

tude

alig

n or

bite

r atti

tude

ejec

t with

sui

tabl

e ve

loci

tyej

ect w

ith s

uita

ble

velo

city

desc

ent b

y gr

avity

, acc

eler

ated

desc

ent b

y gr

avity

, acc

eler

ated

posi

tion

sta

biliz

ed b

y gy

ropo

sitio

n s

tabi

lized

by

gyro

soft

land

ing

soft

land

ing

hold

dow

n an

d an

chor

hold

dow

n an

d an

chor

the

prob

lem

is n

ot a

sof

t lan

ding

, but

th

e pr

oble

m is

not

a s

oft l

andi

ng, b

ut

rem

aini

ng o

n th

e su

rface

!re

mai

ning

on

the

surfa

ce!

Esc

ape

velo

city

< 1

m/s

Esc

ape

velo

city

< 1

m/s

Prin

cipl

e: e

ject

Lan

der f

rom

P

rinci

ple:

eje

ct L

ande

r fro

m

Orb

iter o

ppos

ite to

orb

ital

Orb

iter o

ppos

ite to

orb

ital

velo

city

velo

city

How

to la

nd o

n a

com

et

Page 10: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

10P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

SMA

RT-

1 M

issi

on

ESA

SM

AR

T Pr

ogra

mm

e Sm

all M

issi

ons

for A

dvan

ced

Res

earc

h in

Te

chno

logy

Spac

ecra

ft an

d pa

yloa

d te

chno

logy

dem

onst

ratio

n fo

r fut

ure

corn

erst

one

mis

sion

sea

rly o

ppor

tuni

ty fo

r sci

ence

Man

agem

ent:

fast

er, c

heap

er, s

mar

ter (

& h

arde

r)

SMA

RT-

1te

stSo

lar E

lect

ric P

ropu

lsio

nto

the

Moo

n fo

r Bep

i C

olom

bo/S

olar

Orb

iter

SMA

RT-

1 ap

prov

edse

pt. 9

9, 8

4 M

Euro

15 k

g pa

yloa

d)

350

kg s

pace

craf

t Lu

nar O

rbit

Cap

ture

mid

-Nov

embe

r 04

Luna

r Sci

ence

Mis

sion

to s

tart

Dec

04/J

an05

Page 11: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

11P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Page 12: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

Mar

s Ex

pres

s Sc

ient

ific

Obj

ectiv

es

Glo

bal 3

-D c

olou

r hig

h-re

solu

tion

phot

ogeo

logy

Supe

r-re

solu

tion

imag

ing

of s

elec

ted

area

s

Glo

bal m

iner

alog

ical

map

ping

Glo

bal a

tmos

pher

ic c

ircul

atio

n an

d co

mpo

sitio

n

Wat

er, o

zone

and

dus

t cyc

les

Subs

urfa

ce s

truc

ture

a fe

w k

m d

own

tope

rmaf

rost

Surf

ace-

atm

osph

ere

inte

ract

ions

Inte

ract

ion

of u

pper

atm

osph

ere

with

sol

ar w

ind

and

atm

osph

eric

esc

ape

Gra

vity

ano

mal

ies,

sur

face

roug

hnes

sw

ith

Rad

io s

cien

ce

Page 13: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

Mar

s Ex

pres

s In

stru

men

ts

HR

SC: H

igh

Res

olut

ion

Ster

eo C

amer

a

ASP

ERA

: En

erge

tic N

eutr

al

Ato

ms

Ana

lyse

r

MaR

S: M

ars

Rad

io S

cien

ce E

xper

imen

t M

AR

SIS

: Sub

-sur

face

So

undi

ng R

adar

Alti

met

er

OM

EGA

: Vis

ible

and

Infr

ared

M

iner

alog

ical

Map

ping

Spe

ctro

met

er

SPIC

AM

: Ultr

avio

let a

nd In

frar

ed

Atm

osph

eric

Spe

ctro

met

er

PFS:

Pla

neta

ry F

ourie

r Spe

ctro

met

er

Page 14: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

Alb

or T

holu

s

Page 15: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

15P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Page 16: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

16P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Mis

sion

Sce

nario

THE

VEN

US

EXPR

ESS

MIS

SIO

N

2 Ve

nusi

anYe

ars

11/0

5

04/0

6

1 ve

nusi

anye

ar =

224

day

s

5 m

onth

cru

ise

Page 17: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

17P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Scie

nce

Payl

oad

VEN

US

EXPR

ESS

INST

RU

MEN

TS

ASP

ERA

S. B

arab

ash,

IRF

Kiru

na (S

E)

PFS

V. F

orm

isan

o, C

NR

Rom

e (IT

)

SPIC

AV

J-L.

Ber

taux

, CN

RS

Verr

ière

s(F

R)

VIR

TIS

P. D

ross

art,

Obs

. Meu

don

(FR

)VE

NSI

SG

. Pic

ardi

, Uni

v. R

ome

(IT)

MA

GT.

Zha

ng, O

AW

Gra

z(A

T)

VMC

W. M

arki

ewic

z, M

PAe

Lind

au(D

E)

VeR

AB

. Häu

sler

, Uni

v.B

W M

ünch

en(D

E)

Page 18: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

18P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Venu

s Ex

pres

s

Intro

duct

ion

Mis

sion

pro

pose

d as

a re

-use

of t

he M

ars

Exp

ress

Spa

cecr

aft

Laun

cher

, Gro

und

syst

em a

nd o

pera

tions

faci

litie

s w

ill be

re-u

sed

as fo

r M

ars

Exp

ress

whe

neve

r pos

sibl

eS

cien

tific

Inst

rum

ents

from

Mar

s E

xpre

ss (3

), R

oset

ta (2

) and

two

new

bui

lt on

esW

ith o

nly

tree

year

s fro

m a

ppro

val t

o la

unch

Ven

us E

xpre

ss is

the

fast

est

deve

lope

d E

SA

sci

ence

mis

sion

Page 19: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

19P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Scie

nce

Obj

ectiv

es

Them

esA

tmos

pher

ic D

ynam

ics

Atm

osph

eric

Stru

ctur

eA

tmos

pher

ic C

ompo

sitio

n an

d C

hem

istry

Clo

ud L

ayer

and

Haz

esR

adia

tive

Bal

ance

Sur

face

Pro

perti

es a

nd G

eolo

gyP

lasm

a E

nviro

nmen

t and

Esc

ape

proc

esse

s

Page 20: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

20P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Mis

sion

Tim

elin

e

Laun

ch 2

6 O

ctob

er 2

005

(win

dow

ext

ends

to 2

5 N

ov)

Arr

ival

at V

enus

Apr

il 20

06S

tart

of n

omin

al o

pera

tion

June

200

6E

nd o

f nom

inal

ope

ratio

n/st

art o

f ext

ende

d op

erat

ion

Sep

tem

ber 2

007

End

of e

xten

ded

oper

atio

n Ja

nuar

y 20

09

Page 21: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

21P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Orb

it C

hara

cter

istic

s

24 h

ours

per

iod

250-

400

kmpe

ricen

treal

titud

e66

000

kmap

ocen

treal

titud

e90

deg

incl

inat

ion

Per

icen

trela

titud

e ~8

0 de

g N

Max

8 h

ours

com

mun

icat

ion

link

per o

rbit

Page 22: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

22P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Maj

or d

iffer

ence

s VE

X vs

MEX

Par

tly n

ew p

aylo

adN

ew th

erm

al d

esig

nN

ew s

olar

pan

els

(GaA

s)N

ew s

econ

d (s

mal

l) H

GA

for c

omm

unic

atio

n ne

ar e

arth

Mor

e de

lta-V

requ

ired,

mor

e fu

el n

eede

d

Page 23: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

23P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Scie

nce

Payl

oad

VEN

US

EXPR

ESS

INST

RU

MEN

TS

ASP

ERA

S. B

arab

ash,

IRF

Kiru

na (S

E)

PFS

V. F

orm

isan

o, C

NR

Rom

e (IT

)

SPIC

AV

J-L.

Ber

taux

, CN

RS

Verr

ière

s(F

R)

VIR

TIS

P. D

ross

art,

Obs

. Meu

don

(FR

)VE

NSI

SG

. Pic

ardi

, Uni

v. R

ome

(IT)

MA

GT.

Zha

ng, O

AW

Gra

z(A

T)

VMC

W. M

arki

ewic

z, M

PAe

Lind

au(D

E)

VeR

AB

. Häu

sler

, Uni

v.B

W M

ünch

en(D

E)

Page 24: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

24P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

SOYU

Z-M

CC

S1

Mis

sio

n P

rofi

le

•Mer

cury

Mag

net

osp

her

icO

rbit

er (

MM

O)

•Mer

cury

Pla

net

ary

Orb

iter

(M

PO

)•C

hem

ical

Pro

pu

lsio

n M

odu

le (

CP

M)

•Sol

ar E

lect

ric

Pro

pu

lsio

n M

odu

le (

SEP

M)

•C

om

bin

ed

la

un

cho

n S

oyu

z-F

reg

at

•S

ola

r E

lect

ric

Pro

pu

lsio

n•

Lu

na

r fl

y-b

y•

Tra

ve

l ti

me

4.2

ye

ars

Bep

iCol

ombo

: Mis

sion

to M

ercu

ry

Page 25: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

25P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Bep

iCol

ombo

Ele

men

ts

Tw

o S

cie

nti

fic

Ele

me

nts

Mer

cury

Pla

net

ary

Orb

iter

(M

PO

) =

ESA

Mer

cury

Mag

net

osp

her

icO

rbit

er (

MM

O)

= I

SAS

Page 26: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

26P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

MM

O &

MPO

on

dedi

cate

d or

bits

MM

O o

rbit

optim

ized

for s

tudy

of m

agne

tosp

here

MP

O o

rbit

optim

ized

for s

tudy

of

pla

net i

tsel

f H

igh-

accu

racy

mea

sure

men

ts

of in

terio

r stru

ctur

e Fu

ll co

vera

ge o

f pla

net

surfa

ce a

t hig

h re

solu

tion

Opt

imal

cov

erag

e of

pol

ar a

rea

Res

olve

am

bigu

ities

-e

xosp

here

-m

agne

tosp

here

-m

agne

tic fi

eld

Bep

iCol

ombo

Spac

ecra

ft op

erat

ing

in p

airs

•Max

imis

esan

d op

timis

es th

e sc

ienc

e re

turn

•Pro

vide

s so

me

degr

ee o

f red

unda

ncy

and

risk

miti

gatio

n

Page 27: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

27P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Huy

gens

Smar

t 1

Bep

iCol

ombo

Mar

s Ex

pres

s

Bea

gle

2 Ros

etta

Sola

r Sy

stem

Mis

sion

s

Sola

rO

rbite

r

Page 28: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

28P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Plan

etar

y Ex

plor

atio

n in

ESA

THE

FUTU

RE:

ESA

’s n

ew E

xplo

ratio

n Pr

ogra

mm

e –

Prep

arat

ion

of e

H

uman

Exp

lora

tion

of M

ars

Cos

mic

Vis

ion

2020

–th

e ne

w lo

ng-te

rm S

cien

ce

Prog

ram

me

Page 29: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

29P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Aur

ora

Mis

sion

Roa

dmap

Page 30: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

30P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Plan

etar

y Ex

plor

atio

n in

ESA

The

Futu

reC

all t

o w

ide

scie

ntifi

c co

mm

unity

to d

efin

e sc

ienc

e th

emes

for f

utur

e sc

ienc

e pr

ogra

mm

e

Mor

e th

an 1

50 p

ropo

sals

rece

ived

Initi

al a

sses

smen

t by

Sola

r Sys

tem

Wor

king

Wor

ksho

p sc

hedu

led

for 1

5/16

Sep

tem

ber i

n Pa

ris

Page 31: Planetary Exploration in ESA Gerhard H. Schwehm Head of ... · Mars Express Scientific Objectives Global 3-D colour high-resolution photogeology Super-resolution imaging of selected

31P

lane

tary

Mis

sion

s D

ivis

ion

GS

Jun

e ‘0

4

Them

es fo

r Sol

ar S

yste

m E

xplo

ratio

n•

Trac

ing

the

orig

in o

f the

Sol

ar S

yste

m

Form

atio

n an

d dy

nam

ics

of g

iant

pla

nets

Stru

ctur

e an

d ev

olut

ion

of ic

y sa

telli

tes

Com

posi

tion

and

stru

ctur

e of

min

or b

odie

s

-Bey

ond

Satu

rn

•Li

fe a

nd h

abita

bilit

y in

the

SS a

nd b

eyon

d

Evol

utio

n of

sol

ar s

yste

m e

nviro

nmen

ts

Trac

es o

f life

in th

e so

lar s

yste

m

Com

paris

on w

ith e

xtra

-sol

ar h

abita

ble

wor

lds

-Loo

k de

ep b

elow

sur

face

s (M

ars,

Eur

opa)