plankton reasearch

8/2/2019 Plankton Reasearch

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/plankton-reasearch 1/15

Variability in the abundance of plankton diversity at Upstream, Midstream

and Downstream.

Armin kalalang, Patrick Diy, Kyle Causing, Kristian Reyes, and John Arroyo.

BSbio2A in completion of research work in Marine Biology and Ecology

Submitted to: Mr. Mark de la Paz and Mrs. Jessica Pacalioga

Abstract

The objective of this work is to analyze the Variability on plankton diversity in each transect

stream at Bayanihan II River. Results show that there is high variability on the downstream

location having a standard deviation of 2.67 and lowest variability on the upstream having a

standard deviation of 1.20. This tells us that there is a High variability in the downstream

location when it comes to planktonic species and their abundance and as a result the biodiversity

of that area is more complementary in niche and intraspecific competition compared to the other

transect streams (Campbell & Reece 2009)

Introduction

The estuaries are filled with marine life, and each living organisms that dwell in a community

with a large diversity of life are important wether how small this organisms might be and one of

this small but equally important organisms are called plankton. The word plankton is derived

from Greek for “Drifters” it refers to all the plants and animals that drift with the ocean currents

as inhabitants of the open waters of the sea. This paper aims to determine if there is a significant

variability in the abundace of plankton at each transect stream by using sample standard

deviation.

Methods:

Study area

This study was carried out in April 17, 2012, at Bayanihan II River, Punta-taytay. Collection

areas were taken from the midpoint of the estuary to both directions 15 m away and toward the

sea. Samples were collected only during the day between 9 am to 12 nn. The estuaries are used

for passage of commercial water from the city across the underlying houses and barangay’s. The

area is surrounded by riparian vegetation (e.g. shrubs, mangroves) and are home to manyorganism (e.g. filefishes)

Collection of Samples

Water samples were collected at a depth of 1.0 m at three designated stations, each sample has a

volume of 5 liters, having collected three replicates at each locations. Water samples were



collected by using a typical plastic bucket and was force submerged; the water salinity by then

was measured to be 1.025 parts per thousand (ppt).

Plankton samples were collected by pouring the water sample into a 62-µm plankton net, the

plankton sample where then poured into a plastic bottle for later processing. The plankton sample

were preserved in 2 ml of 5% formalin and was left aside for 24 hours. Decantation of thesample was followed next and the addition of a distilled water creating an aliquot of 100 ml. The

samples were later analyzed under an inverted microscope and the species using the provided

reference by Robert P. Higgins and Hjalman Thiel (1988) “Introduction to the study of

Meiofauna”

Results

The table below shows the list of plankton found at each transect stream at April 17, 2010, at

Bayanihan II River, Punta-taytay.

PlanktonUpstream

No. of Individuals

Cumacea: Gynodiastylidae 1

Caldocera: Leydigia 1

Gastroticha: Megadosys 3

Ostracoda: Diastrope schmitti 1

Bacillariophyceae: Naviculla 2

Fragilariophyceae: Syedra 5

Bacillariophyceae: Bacillaria 2

Bacillariophyceae: Pleurosigma 2

Planula of obelia 2

Round worm 3

Ostracoda: cyprodopsis newtoni 3

Coscinodiscophycae: Coscinodiscus granii 1

Coscinodiscophycae: Streptotheca 1

Cnidaria: Anthomedusae 3

Sarcomastigophora: Elphidium selseyensis 5

Microstoma 1



PlanktonUpstream

No. of Individuals

Polyclad Flatworm 1

Acoel flatworm 1

synedra 2

Leptocylindricus 1

Coscinodiscus 4

Grammatophora 2

Ophiodromus Metatrocophore 1

Barnacle Cypris 1

Unidentified foraminiferan 1

Unidentified radiolarian test 4

Coscinodiscophyceae - planktoniella 2

Fragilariophyceae - thalassionema 3

Fragilariophyceae - Synedra 3

Fragilariophyceae - Fragilaria 2

Total 64

PlanktonMidstream

No. of Individuals

Thalassiosira Pseudonana 3

Navicula 6

Coscinodiscus 5

Hyalodiscus 2

Nemertina 7

Copepoda 4

Cyclopoda 4

Snail eggs 3

Planktoniella 2



PlanktonMidstream

No. of Individuals

Globiregina bulloides 1

Leptocylindricus 2

Nematoda 4

Ephyra of aurelia 2

Cylindrotheca 2

Nonionidae 1

Thalassionema 2

Juvenile from pilidium 1

Halitholus 1

pentacula 2

pilidium larva 2

Grammatophora 1

Triceratium 1

Halalaimus 2

Exogone (Syllidae) 1

Leptohalaisis 2

Ciratulid larva 1

Siphonophores 1

Phlyctenophora aff. Zealandica 1

copepoda-diarthrodes major(thalestridae) 1

Coscinodiscophyceae - Coscinodiscus 1

Total 68

PlanktonDownstream

No of individuals

Bract (Order Siphonophora) 14

Conscinodiscus 2



PlanktonDownstream

No of individuals

Chaetopterus larva 1

Panielopolina orghidani 1

Exogone 1

Cilliated spheres 2

Planktoniella 3

Cypridopsis newtoni 1

Perissocypheridea meyerabichi 3

Patagonacythere tricostata 1

Paleonemertina 1

Striatella 3

Diphyes (Siphonophora) 2

Psammonobiotus commnis Golemansky 1

Pilidium Larva 1

Asteropteron skogsbergi 1

Rhabdonema 2

Pontohedyle verrucosa 1

Legumino cyphereis oertlii 1

Polychaete Trocophore 1

Bacillaria 1

Synedra 4

Quinquiloculona seminulum 1

Grammatophora 9

Leptohatysis sp. 1

Navicula 2

Halalaimus 2

Trochopores 3

Unidentified Nemertea 1



PlanktonDownstream

No of individuals

Unindetified 3

Total 70

The graph below shows the plankton that were identified at each transect stream. According to

the graph there were 64 plankton found at the upstream, 68 plankton found at the midstream and

a total of 70 plankton found at the downstream (the samples were taken from 100 ml at each

streams). There is no doubt that the downstream has the highest variability in the distribution of

plankton among the transect stream.

Fig. Show Abundance at each transect streams

Conclusion: There is a significant variability in the abundance of plankton diversity among the

three locations namely: Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream.

Upstream

Midtream

Downstream

63 64.75 66.5 68.25 70

Varying abundance in planktonic Diversity



Discussion

The downstream having the highest variability in the abundance of plankton diversity shows that

the area exhibit more in niche compared with the other transect streams. However this alone is

not reliable for the reason that the data was gathered at a single day and only in the morning.

Recommendation

Should there be another research with the same agenda at hand, it is recommended that the

researchers should gather data with a large range of time availability for this reason, results that

were concluded in a wider scope (e.g. seasons, Day and Night) can be compared and conclusions

can be made convincingly.



Appendix:

H₀: There is no significant variability in the abundance of plankton diversity at Upstream,

Midstream, and Downstream.

H₁: There is at least one significant variability in the abundance of plankton diversity at

Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream.

Type of statistical test to be used: population Standard deviation

Solutions:

Upstream

Calculate the mean of the sample ( ).

1 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 5 + 2 +

2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 3 +

5 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 4 +

2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 4 + 2 + 3 +

3 + 2

= 2.13

30

Data ( ) Mean ( ) - ( - )2

1 2.13 -1.13 1.28

1 2.13 -1.13 1.28

3 2.13 0.87 0.75

1 2.13 -1.13 1.28

2 2.13 -0.13 0.025 2.13 2.87 8.22

2 2.13 -0.13 0.02

2 2.13 -0.13 0.02

2 2.13 -0.13 0.02

3 2.13 0.87 0.75



3 2.13 0.87 0.75

1 2.13 -1.13 1.28

1 2.13 -1.13 1.28

3 2.13 0.87 0.75

5 2.13 2.87 8.22

1 2.13 -1.13 1.28

1 2.13 -1.13 1.28

1 2.13 -1.13 1.28

2 2.13 -0.13 0.02

1 2.13 -1.13 1.28

4 2.13 1.87 3.48

2 2.13 -0.13 0.021 2.13 -1.13 1.28

1 2.13 -1.13 1.28

1 2.13 -1.13 1.28

4 2.13 1.87 3.48

2 2.13 -0.13 0.02

3 2.13 0.87 0.75

3 2.13 0.87 0.75

2 2.13 -0.13 0.02

Calculate the sum of ( - )2:

1.28 + 1.28 + 0.75 + 1.28 + 0.02 + 8.22 + 0.02 + 0.02 + 0.02 + 0.75 + 0.75 + 1.28

+ 1.28 + 0.75 + 8.22 + 1.28 + 1.28 + 1.28 + 0.02 + 1.28 + 3.48 + 0.02 + 1.28 +

1.28 + 1.28 + 3.48 + 0.02 + 0.75 + 0.75 + 0.02 = 43.47



Substitute ( - )2 and into the sample standard deviation formula below:

43.47

30

1.45

1.2

Therefore, the sample standard deviation, s, is 1.20.

Midstream


3 + 6 + 5 + 2 + 7 + 4 + 4 +

3 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 2 + 2 +

1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 1 +

1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 +

2 + 2

= 2.33

30



Data ( ) Mean ( ) - ( - )2

3 2.33 0.67 0.44

6 2.33 3.67 13.44

5 2.33 2.67 7.112 2.33 -0.33 0.11

7 2.33 4.67 21.78

4 2.33 1.67 2.78

4 2.33 1.67 2.78

3 2.33 0.67 0.44

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

4 2.33 1.67 2.78

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11



Calculate the sum of ( - )2:

0.44 + 13.44 + 7.11 + 0.11 + 21.78 + 2.78 + 2.78 + 0.44 + 0.11 + 1.78 + 0.11 +

2.78 + 0.11 + 0.11 + 1.78 + 0.11 + 1.78 + 1.78 + 0.11 + 0.11 + 1.78 + 1.78 + 0.11+ 1.78 + 0.11 + 1.78 + 1.78 + 1.78 + 0.11 + 0.11 = 70.67


70.67

30

2.36

1.5


Downstream


14 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 3

+ 1 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 1

+ 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1

+ 4 + 1 + 9 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 1

+ 3 + 1

= 2.33

30



Data ( ) Mean ( ) - ( - )2

14 2.33 11.67 136.112 2.33 -0.33 0.11

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

3 2.33 0.67 0.44

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

3 2.33 0.67 0.44

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

3 2.33 0.67 0.44

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

4 2.33 1.67 2.78

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

9 2.33 6.67 44.442 2.33 -0.33 0.11

2 2.33 -0.33 0.11

3 2.33 0.67 0.44

1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

3 2.33 0.67 0.44



1 2.33 -1.33 1.78

Calculate the sum of ( - )2

:

136.11 + 0.11 + 1.78 + 1.78 + 1.78 + 0.11 + 0.44 + 1.78 + 0.44 + 1.78 + 1.78 +

0.44 + 0.11 + 1.78 + 1.78 + 1.78 + 0.11 + 1.78 + 1.78 + 1.78 + 1.78 + 2.78 + 1.78

+ 44.44 + 0.11 + 0.11 + 0.44 + 1.78 + 0.44 + 1.78 = 214.67


214.67

30

7.16

2.7


Decision: Reject null hypothesis; There is at least one significant variability in the distribution of

plankton at Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream.

plankton reasearch

Documents