planner and small_planet_ws2013-lm
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2013 TPRA Workshop 12 - 22 marzo - PROGRAMMA Conoscenza e tecnologie appropriate per la sostenibilità urbanistica - Knowledge and Appropriate Technologies for Sustainability in Planning Programm is in http://polimi.academia.edu/LucaMarescotti/workshop You can download all the slides of lectures from Beep https://beep.metid.polimi.it/user/luca.marescotti Abstract Both process technologies and product technologies are used in the production of anthropic space: for this they are placed in the disciplinary context of ecology applied to urban planning. The apparatus of definition of sustainability theory and of urban planning practice will be influenced not only with respect to general issues such as carrying capacity and sustainability, urban metabolism, ecological footprint and quality of the built environment, but also with respect to the specifics of the main physical and geological aspects, and overall the risk reduction during earthquakes.TRANSCRIPT
Cover
The planner and the small Planet L'urbanista e il piccolo pianeta
Luca Marescotti
2013 Workshop - Knowledge and Appropriate Technologies for Sustainability in Planning
12 marzo 2013
Luca Marescotti 2 / 82
From the urban question
(it was a local one just until a few decades ago)
to the environmental question
(now, it is a global one)
systemic properties and cross-disciplinary knowledge
1. The planner and the small Planet an introduction
Luca Marescotti 3 / 82
Just to begin
What is this? Was is das? Che cosa è questo?
What are interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity?
a suggestion ...
1. The planner and the small Planet an introduction
Luca Marescotti 4 / 82
A transdisciplinary introduction two documentaries and a short
Home, Yann Arthus-Bertrand, producers: Denis Carot and Luc Besson, with PPR Group; coproducers Elzevir Films, Europa Corp, France 2, sponsored by UNEP, 2010.
Welcome to the Anthropocene, Planet Under Pressure conference, London 26-29 March, Copyright: Globaia. Planet Under Pressure, SEI, SRC, CSIRO, 2012.
planet RE:think, Eskil Hardt, producer Ace & Ace with EEA, UNEP, Eskil Hardt, 2012.
1. The planner and the small Planet an introduction
Luca Marescotti 5 / 82
Someone asked me:
“Be concise,write ten things
to improve the urban planning”
1. The planner and the small Planet an introduction
Luca Marescotti 6 / 82
Luca Marescotti 7 / 82
Complex problems require shared strategies,Complex problems require shared strategies,
Involving Public and Private Actors ...Involving Public and Private Actors ...
Projected in a Long Time,Projected in a Long Time,
Articulated in Many Areas,Articulated in Many Areas,
Funded with Adequate Resources,Funded with Adequate Resources,
Checked in their ImplementationChecked in their Implementation
and monitored in a Context that is in Continuous Changing …and monitored in a Context that is in Continuous Changing …
… … A GLOBAL CHANGEA GLOBAL CHANGE
Luca Marescotti 8 / 82
? present vs future ?In the place of a construction in which the
present implies the future, we have a world in which the future is open, in which time is a
construction in which we may all participate.
Grégoire Nicolis, Ilya Prigogine, Exploring complexity: an introduction, W.H. Freeman, New York, 1989, p.3.
1. The planner and the small Planet an introduction
Luca Marescotti 9 / 82
“We live in an age of transition, an age that demands constructive modification of our environment. We must find and
explore new resources, must understand our environment better, and must achieve a less destructive co-existence with nature.
The time scale of the qualitative modifications that are required. . . is of the order of the decade. . . . Some of the basic
questions remain largely unanswered.”
Ilya Prigogine,
Nobel laureate, 1977
Prologue: Science in an Age of Transition from Exploring Complexity
Grégoire Nicolis, Ilya Prigogine, La complessità. Esplorazione nei nuovi campi della scienza, Einaudi, Torino, 1991, p.5.
1. The planner and the small Planet an introduction
Luca Marescotti 10 / 82
Un tempo infatti si diceva (seguendo Laplace e Comte, per esempio):
AUTORITY IS POWER from science comes prediction; from prediction comes action ...
… if the world were deterministic ...
Yet at the same time someone else wrote
[and today we are convinced of this] ...
1. The planner and the small Planet an introduction
Luca Marescotti 11 / 82
Government in the name of the people, for the people, by the people
Using our knowledge and also knowing each other to build a multicultural space,
take precautions to prevent, prepare to repair, partecipate to governance of physical and biological systems, that are always in reciprocal relation, with indefinite probabilities of change.
Here it is: knowing how to handle the emergence of new conditions.
1. The planner and the small Planet an introduction
Luca Marescotti 12 / 82
Here it is: knowing how to handle the emergence of new conditions.
Where: “to emerge”
means that new conditions may cause the emergence of new properties.
That is why the socio-ecological system is really "complex".
1. The planner and the small Planet an introduction
Luca Marescotti 13 / 82
I had too many things to say,was not easy,
A REAL
HOTCHPOTCH
Luca Marescotti 14 / 82
HOW TO EXPLAIN?SAY WHAT?
Luca Marescotti 15 / 82
The conditions of our training
L'importanza della scuola e della società nella formazione dei valori
1. The planner and the small Planet the Cultural Context
Luca Marescotti 16 / 82
William Morris
The word Architecture has, I suppose, to most of you the meaning of the art of building nobly and ornamentally. Now I believe the practice of this art to be one of the most
important things which man can turn his hand to, and the consideration of it to be worth
the attention of serious people, not for an hour only, but for a good part of their lives, even though they may not have to do with it professionally.
But, noble as that art is by itself, and though it is specially the art of civilisation, it neither ever has existed nor never can exist alive and progressive by itself, but must cherish
and be cherished by all the crafts whereby men make the things which they intend shall be beautiful, and shall last somewhat beyond the passing day.
It is this union of the arts, mutually helpful and harmoniously subordinated one to another, which I have learned to think of as Architecture, and when I use the word to-
night, that is what I shall mean by it and nothing narrower.
A great subject truly, for it embraces the consideration of the whole external surroundings of the life of man; we cannot escape from it if we would so long as we are part of civilisation, for it means the moulding and altering to human needs of the very
face of the earth itself, except in the outermost desert.
1. The planner and the small Planet the Cultural Context
Luca Marescotti 17 / 82
Martin Heidegger
Wohnen, zum Frieden gebracht sein, heißt: eingefriedet bleiben in das Frye, d. h. in das Freie, das jegliches in sein Wesen schont. Der Grundzug des Wohnens ist dieses Schonen. Er durchzieht das
Wohnen in seiner ganzen Weite. Sie zeigt sich uns, sobald wir daran denken, daß im Wohnen das Menschsein beruht und zwar im Sinne
des Aufenthalts der Sterblichen auf der Erde. (…)
Die Sterblichen wohnen, insofern sie die Erde retten -das Wort in dem alten Sinne genommen, den Lessing noch kannte. Die Rettung entreißt
nicht nur einer Gefahr, retten bedeutet ei-gentlich: etwas in sein eigenes Wesen freilassen. Die Erde retten ist mehr, als sie ausnützen oder gar abmühen. Das Retten der Erde meistert die Erde nicht und
macht sich die Erde nicht un-tertan, von wo nur ein Schritt ist zur schrankenlosen Ausbeutung.
1. The planner and the small Planet the Cultural Context
Luca Marescotti 18 / 82
1881 William Morris - 1951 Martin Heidegger
WHY mention them, so different and after so many years?
What did they want to say in 1881 and 1951?
What has changed in the cultural context?
AND HOW MUCH IS CHANGED OUR TRAINING?
1. The planner and the small Planet the Cultural Context
Luca Marescotti 19 / 82
William MorrisFive Lectures Delivered in Birmingham, London, and
Nottingham (1877-1881), as the population grows (from 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million in 1900), while the conurbation
was a continuos sprawls and public administration implemented great public works: sewers, subways and railroads.
Martin HeideggerDarmstad (1951), in a conference held on rebuilding of Germany
after nazism and WWII:
Social Identity Re-Building
Town Re-Building
1. The planner and the small Planet the Cultural Context
Luca Marescotti 20 / 82
The conditions of our time
The conditions of our time are incomparably different from those of the past; it is different the environmental awareness, the potential of
modern technology is immense, extensive and serious are the new social issues, exacerbated by financial powers. Once unthinkable.
Urban planning, however, one speaks and teaches with languages that refer to the past, a golden age ever existed, as far as the combinations of art and architecture, crafts and technologies were brilliant in building
the city.
But, in this mess, no one understand perfectly the language and context of that idealized past; and every man try to overshadow the main
features of this present
2. The Planner and the current Situation
Luca Marescotti 21 / 82
Luca Marescotti 22 / 82
2. The Planner and the current Situation
Luca Marescotti 23 / 82
CITTÀ E INFRASTRUTTURE 2%≈3%: poco?
2. The Planner and the current SituationEarth Resources Measurement and Assessment
Luca Marescotti 24 / 82
Not only we don't have more arable land to use,
but a part of the existing ones are lost or altered
Irreversibly by our use / exploitation
(overgrazing, deforestation, plowing mechanics).
The dimensions of EarthOur shrinking Earth
Luca Marescotti 25 / 82
How much Water?
Luca Marescotti 26 / 82
Boundaries Boundaries
Soglia limiteSoglia limite
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Planetary Boundaries
Luca Marescotti 27 / 82
Luca Marescotti 28 / 82
Where is forestry depletion. Where forestry grows up.
Luca Marescotti 29 / 82
Earth Forestry
Luca Marescotti 30 / 82
2. The Planner and the current SituationEarth Resources Measurement and Assessment
Luca Marescotti 31 / 82
No climate change ...
Human beings have not responsability ...
Nuclear power is cheapest and most secure energy ...
Green economy is too expansive ...…
2. The Planner and the current SituationThe struggles to dominate the information
Luca Marescotti 32 / 82
1848 Charles Robert Cockerel
The conditions of our timeArchitetture Masterpieces
Luca Marescotti 33 / 82
2. The Planner and the current SituationTechnology and power: you can do it all
From
architectural masterpieces
to
skyscrapers technological power
Luca Marescotti 34 / 82
1884 Gli edifici più alti del mondo
2. The Planner and the current SituationTechnology and power: you can do it all
Luca Marescotti 35 / 82
2. The Planner and the current SituationTechnology and power: you can do it all
Luca Marescotti 36 / 82
Luca Marescotti 37 / 82
2. The Planner and the current SituationHarmony and Wholeness
Luca Marescotti 38 / 82
Earth Measurements: the Ecological Footprint
Luca Marescotti 39 / 82
Christopher Alexander, The Nature of Order as expression of wholeness and harmony among interconnected centers
Luca Marescotti 40 / 82
2. The Planner and the current SituationLocal must be global, the sum of elements in a system is not the total
Luca Marescotti 41 / 82
Only 2-3% of all lands is used by cities ...
Luca Marescotti 42 / 82
… but cities absorb more of the total resources available and in the cities there are the powers who decide the fate of the entire bio-productive system ...
Luca Marescotti 43 / 82
Ebla
… EBLA VARSAVIA HIROSHIMA ...
Luca Marescotti 44 / 82
Luca Marescotti 45 / 82 varsavia
Luca Marescotti 46 / 82 Hiroshima
Luca Marescotti 47 / 82
3. The Planner and the Biosphere… in name of the people, for the people, by the people ...
Luca Marescotti 48 / 82
Luca Marescotti 49 / 82
Luca Marescotti 50 / 82
3. The Planner and the Biosphere… in name of the people, for the people, by the people ...
Luca Marescotti 51 / 82
Lago d'Aral
Lago Ciad
Giordano e Mar Morto
Nilo e Progetto Toshka
California
3. The Planner and the Biosphere… in name of the people, for the people, by the people ...
Luca Marescotti 52 / 82
Le reti di comunicazione sono globali.
Il mondo è una città globale, un sistema di città
3. The Planner and the Biosphere… in name of the people, for the people, by the people ...
Luca Marescotti 53 / 82
Tropical forest lost
3. The Planner and the Biosphere… in name of the people, for the people, by the people ...
Luca Marescotti 54 / 82 1997
Act and think globallya necessary governance among local authorities
Luca Marescotti 55 / 82
Act and think globallya necessary governance among local authorities
Luca Marescotti 56 / 82
Luca Marescotti 57 / 82
Luca Marescotti 58 / 82
Luca Marescotti 59 / 82
2012 Piazza Tahrir
Luca Marescotti 60 / 82
Act and think globallya necessary governance among local authorities
Luca Marescotti 61 / 82
HARMONIOUS CITIESSOCIALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY
Luca Marescotti 62 / 82
HARMONIOUS CITIESSOCIALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY
Luca Marescotti 63 / 82
HARMONIOUS CITIESSOCIALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY
Luca Marescotti 64 / 82
WHOLENESS IS MORE
AND LESS THAN THE SUM OF ALL ELEMENTS
(Edgar Morin)
AND IF
RELATIONS
INTENSITY
And
INFORMATION
FLOWS
WERE
UNEQUAL...
EDGAR MORIN
Luca Marescotti 65 / 82
IN WHICH DIRECTION WE WANT THE SYSTEM WILL BE ORIENTED?
BUT HOW CAN WE PUSH THESE BUTTONS?
WHICH FORCES CAN WE IMPLEMENT?
EDGAR MORIN
Luca Marescotti 66 / 82
STOCKHOLM EUROPEAN GREEN CAPITAL
❙ 1 000 parks,❙ 7 nature reserves within city,boundaries (and more than 200 in thesurrounding area), 1 cultural reserve and❙ 1 city national park,
❙ 95 kg of recycled refuse annually perCitizen,❙ 12 000 trees in the city centre,❙ 24 official beaches,
❙ World’s largest district cooling network,❙ Set to become fossil-fuel free by 2050,❙ The city hosts 2 700 clean-tech companies.
Luca Marescotti 67 / 82
Norberto Bobbio, Elogio della mitezza, Il Saggiatore, Milano, 2010, p.45.
As I presented it, it is likely that the mildness there has appeared a feminine virtue. I readily admit it. I know I'm wanting to hurt
women in revolt against the old domain of the male when I say that the mildness has never appeared desirable because of its
femininity.
I think that would be destined to triumph the day when you realized the city of women (not that of Fellini, of course).
HARMONIOUS CITIES, SOCIALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLYECONOMY AS A TOOL, NOT AS A POWER
Luca Marescotti 68 / 82
Luca Marescotti 69 / 82
HARMONIOUS CITIES, SOCIALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLYUNDERSTANDING NATURE AND ITS ECOSERVICES
Luca Marescotti 70 / 82
2012 CRS
Luca Marescotti 71 / 82
Resilience Center of Stockholm
The complexity of the biosphere and our relationships with the The complexity of the biosphere and our relationships with the environment will clearly show the need for systemic, cross-cutting, environment will clearly show the need for systemic, cross-cutting,
adaptive approaches, involving at the same time adaptive approaches, involving at the same time
our capability our capability
to learn to learn and to govern intersecting levels of government to learn to learn and to govern intersecting levels of government and populations.and populations.
Luca Marescotti 72 / 82
Luca Marescotti 73 / 82
What have I learned?
CITIES AREN'T ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEMS
LANDSCAPES AND ENVIRONMENT AREN'T AESTHETIC PROBLEMS
Luca Marescotti 74 / 82
Cities are socio-ecological systems, open systems, inducing more or less great impacts on physical and biological factors
What choices and for whom?Do we care for the environment? for the Earth?
the urban choices impact on the whole environment
and the environment must be considered in its entirety, wholeness and harmony...
What have I learned?
Luca Marescotti 75 / 82
shifting the architecture definition of Morris to urban and regional planning
WE CAN GIVE A DEFINITION OF PLANNING AS ...
What have I learned?
Luca Marescotti 76 / 82
Any action which tends to change the spatial organization, changing the distribution of the population, of manufacturing plants, of business and
commercial settlements, modifying infrastructures, altering the relationships between them, is an act of planning
positive or negative
access to social facilities, to transportation system, to natural beauty,
social exclusivity, degradation inconvenience, social segregation or unhealthiness
URBAN PLANNING IS A PROCESS, MUST BE CONSISTENT IN ALL SECTORS COMPETING TOWARDS THE SAME GOALS
strategic plans and implementation plans;
economic resources allocation and programming,
public works, transport, education and culture;
improving monitoring and assessment tools
What have I learned?
Luca Marescotti 77 / 82
THE COMPLEXITY OF SOCIAL AND ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS
DYNAMICS,
AND CAPABILITY TO GOVERNANCE TO IMPLEMENT VARIOUS AND COMPLEX STRATEGIES ...
EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT REQUIRES THE COLLECTION OF GEOREFERENCED DATA AND INFORMATION ...
AND ACCOUNTABILITY WHY WE WORK ...
What have I learned?
Luca Marescotti 78 / 82
in name of the people, for the people, by the people
that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that this government of the people, by the people, and for the people
shall not perish from this earth. 1865 - Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address
What have I learned?
Luca Marescotti 79 / 82
in name of the people, for the people, by the people
that this PLANET shall have a new birth of freedom, and that this government of the people, by the people, and for the people
shall not perish from this earth. 1865 - Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address [2012 revised]
What have I learned?
Luca Marescotti 80 / 82
FOR A NEW ALLIANCE
This speech is dedicated to
who is opinion leader, who governs the territory, who prepares plans and designs, who is a student or a scientist. In particular, to be honest, is dedicated to the citizens who inhabit the Earth: please, keep attention to its languages, investigate the past, be sensitive to the earliest signs of the future, because the Earth is fragile.
Aware, we must work for the poetry of living. Actions and energies should be combined in knowledge. The power of technology has to take care of the fragility in which we are immersed and of which we live. The alliance among living beings and alliance with the wholeness of biosphere.
In his name we must turn away from that terrible collective madness, we are sadly aware, which so far has directed a so considerable part of our history.
What have I learned?
Luca Marescotti 81 / 82
Enseignant qui ouvre les ailes des enfants et les fait voler pour leur enseigner la liberté, mais pas une liberté gratuite ou indifférente, ni pire encore, le rejet des règles qui permettent de penser et de faire.
… like a flock of starlings ...
Luca Marescotti 82 / 82
grazie per l'attenzione