planning a research paper milly grillone fao consultant
TRANSCRIPT
Planning a Research PaperPlanning a Research Paper
Milly GrilloneMilly GrilloneFAO ConsultantFAO Consultant
Writing as a ProcessWriting as a Process
The essay
2 Revisions: Text and Editing/Self Assessment
First Draft (Mistakes, Punctuation)
Research/Reading
The Outline
Choosing a thesis
Brainstorming
Choosing a Topic
The communication of complex ideas is a process that requires thinking and rethinking, working and
reworking
Before writing….Before writing….
Brainstorming Brainstorming write down your ideas just the way they come in your mindwrite down your ideas just the way they come in your mind
BrainstormingBrainstorming
ChoosingChoosing a Topica Topic
…….organize your ideas.organize your ideas
Imposing order on your ideas make the information Imposing order on your ideas make the information easier to understand andeasier to understand and easier to remember.easier to remember.
If you choose a clear, recognizable pattern (on the level of the paragraph and If you choose a clear, recognizable pattern (on the level of the paragraph and also on the level of the whole essay body) you guide your reader in discovering also on the level of the whole essay body) you guide your reader in discovering relationships that connect things.relationships that connect things.
Thesis StatementThesis Statement
Choosing a thesisChoosing a thesis
BrainstormingBrainstorming
ChoosingChoosing a Topica Topic
1. The Thesis Statement is that sentence or two in your text that contains the FOCUS or COREFOCUS or CORE
of your essay
2. Try to narrow your topic.
Example: “Agricultural Policy” “Agricultural Policy in the EU” “Agricultural Policy Changes in the EU”
3. The TS should remain FLEXIBLE until the paper is finished.
If you discover new information that ought to be included in the TS, you’ll have to rewrite your TS. On the other hand if you discover that the TS appears to include things that you haven’t addressed, then you need to limit your TS.
Structure of the Essay OutlineStructure of the Essay OutlineINTRODUCTION-ARGUMENT-CONCLUSIONINTRODUCTION-ARGUMENT-CONCLUSION
Construct your Outline by listing all the important points Construct your Outline by listing all the important points you want to cover in your essayyou want to cover in your essay
Provide one main point for each paragraphProvide one main point for each paragraph Start with the introduction under which you will write out Start with the introduction under which you will write out
your TS and work through LOGICALLY, point by point your TS and work through LOGICALLY, point by point until you reach the conclusionuntil you reach the conclusion
The OutlineThe Outline
Choosing a thesisChoosing a thesis
BrainstormingBrainstorming
ChoosingChoosing a Topica Topic
Structure of the Essay Outline (2)Structure of the Essay Outline (2)
Group related ideas togetherGroup related ideas together under general headings and under general headings and arrange them so they flow logicallyarrange them so they flow logically
Each pointEach point in your outline in your outline should connect with the nextshould connect with the next Each main category should be linked to your thesisEach main category should be linked to your thesis Focus your outline by Focus your outline by discarding anything not usefuldiscarding anything not useful or or
pertinentpertinent Categorize your points according to their importanceCategorize your points according to their importance, ,
keeping in mind the method of organization you intend to usekeeping in mind the method of organization you intend to use
The OutlineThe Outline
Choosing a thesisChoosing a thesis
BrainstormingBrainstorming
ChoosingChoosing a Topica Topic
Principles of Organization: Principles of Organization: Transition between IdeasTransition between Ideas
Organize your information according to a:Organize your information according to a: Chronological OrderChronological Order (Order of Time) (Order of Time)
Following the order in which events occurFollowing the order in which events occur Spatial Order Spatial Order
Items are arranged according to their physical position or Items are arranged according to their physical position or relationshiprelationship
Climactic Order Climactic Order (Order of Importance)(Order of Importance)
Items are arranged from least important to most Items are arranged from least important to most importantimportant
Principles of Organization (2)Principles of Organization (2)
General to Specific General to Specific OrderOrder
Specific to General Specific to General OrderOrder
Simplest to Most Simplest to Most Complex OrderComplex Order
Topical OrderTopical Order
5 5 GoldenGolden Rules…… Rules……
Try to be alwaysTry to be always ClearClear SimpleSimple BriefBrief CoherentCoherent LogicalLogical
RESEARCHRESEARCH
Reading Reading or/and Field Researchor/and Field Research
Collecting and verifying dataCollecting and verifying data
ResearchResearch
The OutlineThe Outline
Choosing a thesisChoosing a thesis
BrainstormingBrainstorming
ChoosingChoosing a Topica Topic
RESEARCH (2)RESEARCH (2)
Selection of Selection of informationinformation
Summary of Summary of informationinformation
Some Simple Rules...Some Simple Rules... No comma between subject and verbNo comma between subject and verb
Agriculture, is one of the main component of GDPAgriculture, is one of the main component of GDP Subject-Verb Agreement: the subject and the verb Subject-Verb Agreement: the subject and the verb
must agree in number, both must be singular or both must agree in number, both must be singular or both
plural (plural (≠≠ Arabic!) Arabic!)
Syria have a comparative advantage Syria have a comparative advantage
The media was biased in it’s reporting of the eventThe media was biased in it’s reporting of the event