Planning Chicago

Jon B. DeVries, AICPDirector, Marshall Bennett Institute of Real

Estate

D. Bradford HuntAssociate Professor of Social Science and

History

presentation before the

American Planning Association

Tuesday, May 21, 2013

Planning Chicago

Chicago…

•Once planned confidently: 1958-1974

•Has been innovative in Industrial Policy: 1983-2003

•Struggled with Neighborhood Planning: 1950s - present

•Needs to implement recent plans: 2000 - present

•Faces serious challenges: present and beyond

•Should reinvigorate the planning function in the city

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Chicago Plans Confidently

Comprehensive Planning for the city’s future, 1958-

1974

The Heyday of Modern Planning in Chicago

1958 - 1973

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1958 1966 1973

Richard J. Daley Consolidates Planning Power, 1956-1957

• Creates Public Building Commission of Chicago (1956)

• Enacts Zoning Reform (1957)

• Creates Department of City Planning (1957)

Development Plan for the Central Area of Chicago, 1958

• “Compact, accessible Loop”

• 50,000 new residents (middle-class)

• New University of Illinois campus

• Limited clearance and displacement

• Endorsed Transit expansion

Growth Coalition

Mayor Richard J. Daley and city leaders viewing model of 1958 Development Plan for the Central Area of Chicago

Railroad Space in Chicago,

1930Encyclopedia of Chicago,

2004

Development Plan for the Central Area of Chicago, 1958

Downtown Living: Marina City (1963)

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University of Illinois Campus, no date, 1970s

New University of Illinois Campus (1964)

Harrison-Halsted site under clearance, 1962

Clearance for new campus

Clearance of Harrison-Halsted area for UIC campus

Transit Investment, 1950s

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The 1966 Comprehensive Plan of Chicago

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• 16 sub-area plans for neighborhoods

• $500 million in capital spending per year

• Follow-on regulatory framework plans

• Chicago 21 plan for central area

The 1966 Comprehensive Plan of Chicago

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Follow-on Regulatory Plan: Illinois Center

Illinois Central Rail Yards, 1947

Illinois Center and Lakeshore East, 2012

Follow-on Regulatory Plans:Lakefront Plan (1972) and Riveredge Plan

(1974)

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Chicago 21

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• Bold plans for downtown living

• Bold Plans for Near South (Dearborn Park)

• Transit ideas

• State Street Mall

“Chicago 21” (1973) and Dearborn Park

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“Chicago 21” (1973) and State Street Mall

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1983 Central Area Plan: World’s Fair

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Innovative Industrial Policy

Planning for Jobs,1983 - 2003

Industrial Policy and Planning

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• Planned Manufacturing Districts

– Goose Island

• Industrial Corridors

– North Branch, Calumet Region

• Planning for Job Growth

– Ford Plant and Auto Supplier Park

• Planning for Infrastructure

– CREATE (freight rail)

Context: Recession of 1981-1982

25 Shuttered LTV Steel plant, shuttered in 2001

North Branch

Industrial Corridor(includes

Goose Island)

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Goose Island,

Planned Manufacturing District,

2012

Goose Island: Wrigley Innovation Center and A. Finkl

Steel

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City of Chicago

Industrial Corridors,

2011

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Industrial Corridors: Calumet

Area Land Plan2001

Planning for Jobs: Ford’s Chicago Assembly Plant

Calumet Industrial Corridor

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Chicago Auto Supplier Park

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Planning for Infrastructure:CREATE plan for freight rail

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Map of CREATEProjects,

2011

Employment Disappointing, 2002-2010

• Industrial corridors: lost 19,279 jobs, or 16.3%• City of Chicago: gained 15,569, a modest

1.3%• Cook County (non-City): lost 72,080, or 5.7%• State of Illinois: lost 35,640, or 0.6%• U.S.A.: gained 2.3 million, or 2.1%• Manufacturing decline unabated: 37,434 in

City; 53,761 more in Cook; 187,761 Statewide

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Neighborhood Planning Struggles

Race, class, and the neighborhoods

Neighborhood Planning Struggles

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• Urban Renewal

– 1950s

• Community Conservation

– 1950s and 1960s

• Backlash against Planning

– 1970s and 1980s

• The Return of Planning

– LISC Quality of Life Plans

Uptown, 2012

Neighborhood Planning: Urban Renewal

Lake Meadows (complete) and future South Commons site, 1955

Urban Renewal on Chicago’s South Side, 1954

Neighborhood Planning: Community Conservation

Community Conservation in the 1966

Comprehensive Plan

Lincoln Park Neighborhood: vacating Ogden Avenue

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The Woodlawn Organization

Neighborhood Planning: Backlash against Top-Down Planning and

theRise of Community-Based Planning

Neighborhood Planning: Uptown and “People’s Planning,” 1968

Neighborhood Planning: Uptown, Voice of the People

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Mayor Harold Washington and Jobs

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Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC) New Communities Program

“Quality-of-Life” planning process

Englewood Quality of Life Plan, 2005

Chicago Needs to Implement

Recent PlansCentral Area Plan 2003Central Area Action Plan

2009

Chicago Central Area Plan, 2003

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Office Growth in West Loop, Chicago Central Area Plan, 2003

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West Loop Transportation Center, 2003

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West Loop Transportation Center, 2003

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Transitways, 2003

Central Area Plan

Transitway under Monroe Street, 2003

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Residential Growth (2001- 2009)

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RetailGrowth (2001- 2009)

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HotelGrowth (2001- 2009)

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Central Area Action Plan, 2009Transportation needs

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Central Area Action Plan, 2009

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Central Area Action Plan, 2009

Transportation Projects

Olympic Bid

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Challenges for the present and future

Will the city rise to them?

Population, Race, and Immigration

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Population Change,

2000-2010

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Income ChangeGrowth,

1999-2009

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Tax Increment Financing Districts

2011

State of Planning in Chicago

Chicago no longer has a Department of Planning

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Mayor Planning Department Name Planning Commissioner

2006

Richard M. Daley(1989-2011)

Department of Planning and Development

Lori T. Healey  

2007Arnold L. Randall, Jr.2008

2009 Department of Zoning and Land Use Planning (DZP) Patricia A. Scudiero

2010

2011Department of Housing and Economic Development Andrew J. MooneyRahm I. Emmanuel2012

2013

Mayor Emanuel and Planning

• “Privatization of Planning”

– World Business Chicago

– OECD Territorial Review

• “Quick Recruitment Hits”

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Planning Chicago Agenda

• Increase transit capacity

• Adapt industrial policy to rapidly changing needs

• Implement existing Central Area plans

• Pursue robust neighborhood planning

• Assert planning as a priority

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Planning Chicago Agenda

We need three Pillars to succeed:

•City – strong city hall plans and decisions

•Business – generous support and advocacy

•Community – a shared civic vision for future

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