planning, policy and regulation changes 1999 kocaeli ... · outline •seismic hazard in turkey...

Planning, Policy and Regulation Changes in Turkey following the

1999 Kocaeli Earthquake

Derin N. Ural Istanbul Technical University

Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering and

Center of Excellence for Disaster Management

Outline

• Seismic Hazard in Turkey – Northern Anatolian Fault and the San Andreas Fault – Rupture Pattern and Future Risks

• Kocaeli Earthquake of 1999- Opportunity for change?

• Planning, Policy and Regulation Changes – starting from Istanbul – Schools, Public Buildings, Hospitals, Historical Sites – Financial aspects?

• Future Goals

2 International Conference on Disaster Mitigation,

Preparedness, Response and Sustainable Reconstruction, May 8-9, 2014

Seismic Hazard in Turkey

3 http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/static/gshap/

Northern Anatolian and San Andreas Faults

International Conference on Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Sustainable Reconstruction,

May 8-9, 2014 4

Northern Anatolian Fault Rupture Pattern – is Istanbul next?


May 8-9, 2014 5

August 17, 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake

Magnitude : 7.6 Northwestern Turkey 17,000+ casualties and 43,000 injured

Source: USGS

Damage Classification

# of Residential and Business Units

Light 89,872

Moderate 77,169

Heavy 77,342

Total 244,383

Timeline

7

• Timeline PDF file


May 8-9, 2014

Istanbul : A mega-city Population: 13,854,740

TDV Deprem Zirvesi 2013 8

Los Angeles

10-15 million

Los Angeles

10-15 million

Mexico City

Over 30 million New York

15-20 million

Sao Paulo

20-30 million

Lagos

20-30 million

Istanbul

15-25 million

Rome

3-5 million

Moscow

10-15 million

Cairo

20-30 million

Delhi

20-30 million

Bombay

20-30 million

Shangai

20-30 million

Tokyo

15-20 million

The World’s Urban Explosion

Populations of metropolitian areas in 2025 according to United Nations projections

Center for Human Settlements

Policies, Planning and Mitigation Projects

10

Based on 1997, 2007 and 2013 Building Codes • World Bank Project (2002 – 2014)

– Strengthening the Emergency Management Capacity – Seismic Risk Mitigation for Priority Public Buildings – Enforcement of Building Codes

• European Investment Bank • European Commission Development Bank • Islamic Development Bank Total budget : 1.6 Billion US Dollars Expected Direct Economic Loss following an earthquake in Istanbul ~50 billion US Dollars


May 8-9, 2014

Public Schools in Istanbul

11

Retrofit 66%

Re-built 33%

Safe 1%


May 8-9, 2014

1084 Schools

Government Buildings in Istanbul

12

Retrofit 50%

Re-built 48%

Safe 2%


May 8-9, 2014

108 Buildings

Hospitals in Istanbul

13

Retrofit 47%

Re-built 53%


May 8-9, 2014

45 Hospitals

Mitigation for Historic Structures


May 8-9, 2014

176 Structures analyzed:

• Palaces (Ottoman)

• Churches (Byzantium, Roman)

• Museums

Future Goals

• Regulations and Policies

– Schools, Public Buildings,

Hospitals in Istanbul upgraded

Upcoming projects:

• Implementation : Local to National

• Lifelines

• Historical and culturally important structures



When written in Chinese, the word 'crisis' is composed of two characters. One represents danger and the other represents opportunity.

John F. Kennedy

Thank you



D I S A S T E R S A N D R E L A T E D L A W S I N T U R K E Y REFERENCESDEFINITIONSD I S A S T E R S A N D R E L A T E D L A W S I N T U R K E YD I S A S T E R S A N D R E L A T E D L A W S I N T U R K E YO T T O M A N P E R I O D R E P U B L I C 1) Law Regarding Seismic Building Construction criteria for zones affected by

the Erzincan Earthquake 1) http://www.belgenet.com/rapor/depremrapor_04.html O T T O M A N P E R I O D R E P U B L I C the Erzincan Earthquake

300 700 800 900 1000 1299 1900 1980 2) Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi17001500400 500 1800 19301923 19501940 1960 1970 1990 2000 Laws introduced in Erzincan to give the Municipality authority to take over private properties (law number 3980) to give the Municipality an additional

(10/66, 67, 68, 69, 70) Esas Numaralı 23.12.1999

Sayı : A.01.1.GEÇ.10/66,67,68,69,70-93

private properties (law number 3980), to give the Municipality an additional budget, to pardon those in local jails, to pardon taxation for donation and aid arriving from International donors.

2) http://web.deu.edu.tr/cevmer/dokuman.htm

G t İ t b l KARS Çi il E d k Dikili T Bi di O k E b H d k L dik Gerede- G di A l k Ceyhan- V t H K b K l İ k d K l H k l C h Mi i Yenice K l Sök B l t F thi Kö ği F thi Ç k T f i M V t H ADAPAZAR Pülü ü B t D i i Al hi G di G di D i i Li M di Biga ERZURUM B lk D ğ hi D ğ hi K Pülü ü D ğ b Di K ğ M itö ü K l C h Göl ük O t S lt d ğ Çay - Pülü ü Kandilli - D ğ b t3) 4373 Numbered Law for protection from Flood and Overflow Türk Çevre Mevzuatı 3)EARTHQUAKE TÜRK İRAN YOZGATİstanbul İstanbul İstanbul Kocaeli İstanbul İstanbul İstanbul İstanbul İstanbul İstanbul Great İstanbul

Earthquake MUŞ TEKİRDAĞ BURDUR ERZURUM Dinar KARS - ERMENİSTAN Torbalı Suşehri Çivril

(DENİZLİ) Erdek

(BALIKESİR) KIRŞEHİR Dikili (İZMİR)

Tercan (ERZİNCAN) ERZİNCAN MUĞLA Erciş (VAN) ERZİNCAN Bigadiç

(BALIKESİR) Osmancık (ÇORUM)

Erbaa (TOKAT)

Hendek (ADAPAZARI)

Ladik (SAMSUN)

GeredeÇerkeş (BOLU)

Gediz (UŞAK)

Ayvalık (BALIKESİR)

CeyhanMisis

(ADANA)Ilgın (KONYA) Varto-Hınıs

(MUŞ) Karaburun

(İZMİR) Karlıova

(BİNGÖL) İskenderun (ANTAKYA)

Kurşunlu (ÇANKIRI)

Hasankale (ERZURUM)

Ceyhan –Misis (ADANA)

Yenice (ÇANAKKALE

)

Kurşunlu (ÇANKIRI)

Söke-Balat (AYDIN) ESKİŞEHİR Fethiye

(MUĞLA) Abant (BOLU) Köyceğiz (MUĞLA)

Fethiye (MUĞLA)

Çınarcık (İSTANBUL)

Tefenni (BURDUR) MALATYA Manyas

(BALIKESİR) DENİZLİ Varto-Hınıs (MUŞ) Varto (MUŞ) ADAPAZAR

IPülümür

(TUNCELİ) Bartın

(ZONGULDAK) Demirci

(MANİSA) Alaşehir (MANİSA

Gediz (KÜTAHYA)

Gediz (KÜTAHYA)

Demirci (MANİSA) BURDUR BİNGÖL Lice

(DİYARBAKIR) Muradiye

(VAN)

Biga (ÇANAKKALE

)

ERZURUM – KARS

Balkaya (ERZURUM)

Doğanşehir (MALATYA)

Doğanşehir (MALATYA)

Kars – ERMENİSTAN ERZİNCAN Pülümür

(TUNCELİ) Doğanbey

(İZMİR) MANİSA Dinar (AFYON)

Kığı (TUNCELİ)

Mecitözü (AMASYA) ANTAKYA Karlıova

(BİNGÖL) Ceyhan

(ADANA) Gölcük

(KOCAELİ) DÜZCE Orta (ÇANKIRI)

Sultandağı (AFYON) OSMANİYE

Çay Sultandağı (AFYON)

Pülümür (TUNCELİ) BİNGÖL

Kandilli Aşkale

(ERZURUM)

Doğubayazıt (AĞRI)

)4) 5)

p4623 Numbered Law of Mitigation for Earthquakes 5663 Numbered Law for buildings damaged from the Eskişehir Flood

Türk Çevre Mevzuatı 3) İMAR MEVZUATININ VE KENTSEL TOPRAK MÜLKİYETİNİN İRDELENMESİ Hazırlayan Dr. Ümit ÖZCAN

EARTHQUAKE İstanbulİstanbul TÜRK – İRAN Border İstanbul

YOZGAT - KAYSERİ

(BOLU) (ADANA) ) ) (AFYON) (ERZURUM)325 427 478 715 865 986 1462 10.09.1509 1719 1754 22.05.1766 6.7 7.3 6.9 6.8 5.9 6.1 6.5 6.1 5.7 6.4 6.6 6.6 5.9 7.9 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.1 5.5 7.0 6.6 7.2 7.2 6.0 6.8 6.0 5.5 5.9 6.6 6.7 5.8 6.9 5.8 5.6 7.2 6.0 6.8 6.4 7.1 7.1 5.9 6.3 6.3 5.7 6.0 7.0 5.7 5.6 6.9 6.8 5.9 6.5 5.9 6.5 7.2 5.8 5.6 5.9 6.8 6.6 7.5 6.1 6.9 6.4 5.9 5.6 6.9 6.8 5.8 6.0 5.1 6.1 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.0 6.2 7.8 7.5 6.1 5.8 5.5 6.4 6.2 6.4 5.6 5.1 6) Related to Ministry of Public Works and Development Haziran 2000, Ankara

10.07.1894 29.04.1903 09.08.1912 04.10.1914 13.09.1924 07.08.1925 22.10.1926 31.03.1928 18.05.1929 19.07.1933 04.01.1935 19.04.1938 22.09.1939 21.11.1939 27.12.1939 23.05.1941 10.09.1941 12.11.1941 15.11.1942 21.11.1942 20.12.1942 20.06.1943 27.11.1943 01.02.1944 25.06.1944 06.10.1944 20.03.1945 21.02.1946 31.05.1946 23.07.1949 17.08.1949 08.04.1951 13.08.1951 03.01.1952 22.10.1952 18.03.1953 07.09.1953 16.07.1955 20.02.1956 25.04.1957 26.05.1957 25.04.1959 23.05.1961 18.09.1963 30.01.1964 14.06.1964 06.10.1964 13.06.1965 07.03.1966 19.08.1966 22.07.1967 26.07.1967 03.09.1968 23.03.1969 28.03.1970 28.03.1970 19.04.1970 23.04.1970 12.05.1971 22.05.1971 06.09.1975 24.11.1976 05.07.1983 30.10.1983 18.09.1984 05.05.1986 06.06.1986 07.12.1988 13.03.1992 15.03.1992 06.11.1992 28.01.1994 01.10.1995 05.12.1995 14.08.1996 22.01.1997 13.04.1998 27.06.1998 17.08.1999 12.11.1999 06.06.2000 15.12.2000 25.06.2001 03.02.2002 27.01.2003 01.05.2003 25.03.2004 02.07.2004 7) Chairman of Water Works replaced by State Hydraulic Works1500

4) http://dmc.metu.edu.tr/DMC/index.php?id=7.2

07.05.1930 13.04.1940553 5.6

10.07.1894 29.04.1903 09.08.1912 04.10.1914 13.09.1924 07.08.1925 22.10.1926 31.03.1928 18.05.1929 19.07.1933 04.01.1935 19.04.1938 22.09.1939 21.11.1939 27.12.1939 23.05.1941 10.09.1941 12.11.1941 15.11.1942 21.11.1942 20.12.1942 20.06.1943 27.11.1943 01.02.1944 25.06.1944 06.10.1944 20.03.1945 21.02.1946 31.05.1946 23.07.1949 17.08.1949 08.04.1951 13.08.1951 03.01.1952 22.10.1952 18.03.1953 07.09.1953 16.07.1955 20.02.1956 25.04.1957 26.05.1957 25.04.1959 23.05.1961 18.09.1963 30.01.1964 14.06.1964 06.10.1964 13.06.1965 07.03.1966 19.08.1966 22.07.1967 26.07.1967 03.09.1968 23.03.1969 28.03.1970 28.03.1970 19.04.1970 23.04.1970 12.05.1971 22.05.1971 06.09.1975 24.11.1976 05.07.1983 30.10.1983 18.09.1984 05.05.1986 06.06.1986 07.12.1988 13.03.1992 15.03.1992 06.11.1992 28.01.1994 01.10.1995 05.12.1995 14.08.1996 22.01.1997 13.04.1998 27.06.1998 17.08.1999 12.11.1999 06.06.2000 15.12.2000 25.06.2001 03.02.2002 27.01.2003 01.05.2003 25.03.2004 02.07.2004 7) Chairman of Water Works replaced by State Hydraulic Works8)

4) http://dmc.metu.edu.tr/DMC/index.php?id 1_8_2_1&lang=TR5) OSMANLI’DAN GÜNÜMÜZE YAPI ÜRETİMİNDE

07.05.19306746 Numbered Law for Reconstruction of damaged buildings between 1955 -1956 in Aydın, Balıkesir, Bilecik Edirne, Eskişehir, Konya, Denizli

13.04.1940

9)Murat TAŞ

5) OSMANLI DAN GÜNÜMÜZE YAPI ÜRETİMİNDE MİMARLIK MESLEK ÖRGÜTLENMESİNİN GELİŞİMİ

y , , , ş , y ,

7269 Numbered Law Regarding Mitigation and Response to Disasters

10) 1571 Numbered Law for the initiation of an Earthquake Fund by taxation600 216 5540 60 3 355 50 64 20 5 160 60 43 32968 - 192 15 16 2 3000 336 4000 3959 21 30 13 12 839 7 450 6 50 41 10 265 2 23 1 67 52 - - 1 - 8 23 14 14 2396 89 97 29 - 53 1086 - - 57 878 2385 3840 3 1155 3 7 1 4 653 - - - 90 1 1 1 - 146 17480 763 1 6 - 44 1 176 9 17 11) 2090 Numbered Law- Assistance to Farmers with losses from DisastersLIFE LOSS 13000

Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 8, Sayı 1, 20032514

C k d l-

6) http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/sismo/default.htm7) Şener, S.M., Tezer, A., Kadıoğlu, M., Helvacıoğlu, İ.,

13) D b t D ti f Mi i t f H i d S ttl t T b L (2002) D l t f N ti l E

7269 Numbered Law had areas added 12.a -12.b)

M h h d t f it

Cracks occured along sea shore. Weak buildings

collapsed in Rumeli region and O thi d f t t i İ t b l 13) Decree about Duties of Ministry of Housing and Settlements Trabzon, L. (2002). Development of a National Emergency

14) Management Model, Istanbul Technical University Center of Excellence for Disaster Management Book Series ITU PressDAMAGED BUILDING 1070 homes and 109

mosques88 / 12777 Numbered Regulation Regarding Disaster Response Requirements and Planning Fundamentals

Many churches and parts of city walls collapsed. Seismic waves

occurred in Marmara Sea

p gthe roof of the Grand Bazaar

collapsed. Large losses occured in the Princes Islands

One third of structures in İstanbul collapsed

Excellence for Disaster Management Book Series-ITU Press, 450 5540 6000 380 2043 - 2500 1357 200 600 4066 1235 - 116720 200 600 - 2187 150 32000 2240 40000 20865 3476 5500 2500 3349 3000 865 3500 13 3354 701 617 6750 230 470 2819 3200 5200 775 61 230 39 847 5398 488 1100 20007 7116 1282 2478 945 3072 19291 1360 411 3227 9111 8149 9232 85 3241 570 824 1174 546 8057 439 55 44 14156 - 2606 1841 148 31463 73342 35519 1766 547 66 622 50 6000 1280 1000 15) Istanbul.3838 Numbered Law Regarding Earthquakes in Erzincan, Gümüşhane and

Tunceli

mosques Requirements and Planning Fundamentals- 1000

occurred in Marmara Sea. occured in the Princes Islands and Karamürsel.

16)Floods in İzmir, Aydın, Manisa and

u ce4123 Numbered Law regarding Service following Damage and Destruction caused by Natural Disasters Flood and landslide in Flood in

5 17) 96 / 8716 Numbered Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center Regulation AUTHORS05.11.1995 18)

1 9 6 0 - 1 9 6 7 E a r t h q u a k e - f l o o d s - l a n d s l i d e s1950

FLOODy

Denizli1 0 - 1 5 . 05 . 1 9 9 8 13.07.1995

1941 - 1942 - 1943 floods Eskişehir flood Senirkent İzmir 4264 Numbered law addendum regarding tax relief for those impacted by

19) Derin N. Ural, PhDÇanakkale99 / 583 the Establishment of the Turkish Emergency Managment Di t tİ South İ İİ

disasters

Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, andMarmara Island Founding Director, Center of Excellence for

Di t M t

İzmir - Aegean Sea

East Aegean Sea, north of Sakız Islandİzmir North Aegean SeaTSUNAMI

Fatsa -Black Sea

Çanakkale Region, Trakya İzmir Bay İstanbul, Gelibolu

Directorate İzmir, Sakız and Midilli

Islands

South shores of Anatolia,

İstanbul, Marmara shores

Southeast of Türkiye, Fethiye

South shores of Anadolu, Anazarba-

Adanaİstanbul

North Ege Sea, Semadirek Island, Trakya shores,

Dedeağaç

East Marmara, Yalova, Karamürsel, Kılıç, Armutlu,

Mudanya Gemlik Bayİzmir

İmroz Island, Saros

İstanbul, Marmara SeaŞarköy-Mürfte, İstanbul

Amasra -Black Sea

Yalova, İzmit,

İstanbul

İstanbul, Marmara shores

Marmara Island

Kapıdağ Yarımadası, Erdek, Bandırma

South shores of Anadolu, Kos Island,

Mandalya Bay

İstanbul, İzmit Bay

Fethiye, Kaya, Muğla Fethiye Bay Sakız,

ÇeşmeAntakya,

İskenderun, Kilis İzmirİstanbul İzmit BayAegean SeaAegean SeaDisaster Management

Istanbul Technical University344 25 09 478 08 545 01 549 15/16 08 555 25 10 989 08 1265 20 03 1389 1489 10 09 1509 10 07 1688 23 05 1829 28 02 1851 03 04 1851 12 05 1852 08 09 1852 21 08 1859 03 04 1881 29 01 1893 09 08 1912 26 06 1926 31 03 1928 04 01 1935 26 27 12 1939 23 05 1961 19 02 1968 03 09 1968 04 01 1991 07 05 1991 17 08 1999 Maslak Istanbul Turkey

TSUNAMI

22 05 1766

shores Islands Antalya shoresAdana Dedeağaç Mudanya, Gemlik BaySaros İstanbulİstanbul

524/525

shores

06 09 543

Mandalya Bay

15 08 554 13 08 1822 23 07 1949 18 09 1963344 25.09.478 08.545 01.549 15/16.08.555 25.10.989 08.1265 20.03.1389 1489 10.09.1509 10.07.1688 23.05.1829 28.02.1851 03.04.1851 12.05.1852 08.09.1852 21.08.1859 03.04.1881 29.01.1893 09.08.1912 26.06.1926 31.03.1928 04.01.1935 26-27.12.1939 23.05.1961 19.02.1968 03.09.1968 04.01.1991 07.05.1991 17.08.1999 Maslak, Istanbul, [email protected]

1 8 12.a 12.b 14 17 19

22.05.1766

Law Law number 6746 L #24 9 State of Emergency Law Law Number

524/525 06.09.543

20 gold coins

15.08.554 13.08.1822 23.07.1949 18.09.1963

Law Number Law Number 88 /1 8 12.a 12.b 14 17 194 10 15 16 and

11 1981 1985 01.04.1988 22.11.1999Flood Administrative orders for Law Number 1611 Municipality Law

Number 1580

Law Number3773

Law number 6746Ebniye

Regulation

Law #2479Regulation of Water Pollution Control Sample Taking and

Law Number 96 / 8716 Law # 3838 Law number 1571

Law number 20901972

State of Emergency Law Number 2835

27.10.1983

Law Number 99 / 583

Law Number 5243 regarding Houses to be built in Erzincan

Law Number 462318.07.1944

municipality and infra-structure

Municipality Construction and 17.01.1940

1956Turkish National Earthquake Design Code Initiated

20 gold coins donated/family. Law Number 4133 ;

replaced 4123

Law Number 4123

Law Number 3177

Law Number 88 / 12777

Seismic Design Code updated

1848 9 28.08.1992 23.07.1995 09.01.1997 Bahadır Demirtaş1882 2 1954 05.07.1977 13 Graduate Student

Yearbook Law Number 5663 Law Number 7269 7 new areas introduced to Law number 1051 Development

Water Pollution ControlCivil Defence Law Number7126LAWS AND Decree1948

Analysis Methods 16.11.1995Reconstruction Law

2090

07.01.199112.03.198912.05.2002

Mandatory Natural Disaster

timber construction

banned

Houses to be built in Erzincan1945specification Roads Law

Number 2290 Law 3 7 13.06.1958 15.05.1959 18 Department of Civil Engineering

Istanbul Technical University3 5 1985 05 06 1997 M l k I b l T k

Regulation on Establishment of Civil Defense Search and

Resc e Teams1956

Law Number 3194Structural Control

b t

LAWS AND REGULATIONS Earthquake Risk Map of Turkey

1940 Law Number 4373 Law Number 6200 13.12.1983

Turkey Atomic Energy Law N b 2690

Number 6785 Regulation on Hazardous

M t i l Di lRegulation for

Natural Disaster Insurance Program

Number3980Regulation on Control of

M di l W tRegulation on Control

f W t P ll ti

Law Number 4264

3.5.1985 05.06.1997 1999 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey04.09.1988

Rescue Teams

21.07.200209.07.1982

by experts Social Services and Children Orphange Establishment

Number 2690

14.03.1991Regulation of Hazardous National Environmental

20.05.1993

Material Disposal

27.08.1995

Implementation of Coastal Law

Regulation on Assessment for Environmental

Regulation of Assessment for

Medical Wasteof Water Pollution Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes

03.08.19903.1997 23.06.1997 06.06.2002

Urgent Housing aid

1983

12.03.1989Matarials in Water

Environmental Action Plan

Environmental Impact Updated

Assessment for Environmental Impact

Copyright© Building Center of Florida, Inc. 2006The Red Crescent Society established Foundation of the Ministry of Housing and Settlements State Hydraulic Works

All rights reserved.

6 N f hi d b d d i fORGANIZATIONS J 11 1868

to assist wounded and displaced victims

Foundation of the Ottoman Empire

Foundation of the Republic of Turkey Director for Structural and

Development WorksEstablished

5.19581953

Disaster Coord. Center -İstanbul Met. Municipality(AKOM)

6 No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, or by any means, without permission

in writing from the Building Center of Florida Inc

ORGANIZATIONS June 11, 1868Foundation of the Ottoman Empire

Ministry of Development and Housing (lasted 1 yr)

Bureau of Earthquake Established

Became DE - SE - YA office

in writing from the Building Center of Florida, Inc.1955 P.O. Box: 340525, Coral Gables, FL 33134 USA

Housing (lasted 1 yr)1953

Established

planning, policy and regulation changes 1999 kocaeli ... · outline •seismic hazard in turkey...

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