PLANNING PROCESS OF FLOOD AND WATER CRISIS IN SEMARANG

1. INTRODUCTION

Flood and water crisis are common issues suffered by most big cities in Indonesia or even most of developing countries. Jakarta which is the biggest city in Indonesia has been suffering the worst flood every rain season. Flood strikes many aspects of the region, such as health, transportation, education, and mostly economic aspect. Economic activities stopped when flood comes, people can not do nothing. By seeing the big impact of flood, this disaster should be solved. But, it seems really difficult. Semarang has been suffering flood as well, and getting worse every year. Just like Jakarta and other big cities, they look have no idea how to solve this problem. They are like surrender by this condition.

Huge amount of water when rain season does not guarantee that the cities have more than enough water in dry season. Clean water crisis is one of critical issue in Semarang. The crisis means either the amount of water decreasing or the quality is decreasing. Ground water as one main water resources used in Semarang has been decreasing for years. Many problems triggered it, such as lack of water catchment areas, drilling the water with no regulation, etc. Just like flood, the government seems like doing nothing of it. They have no problem how to solve this issue so that it will not happen annually, not just try to minimize it while the disaster comes.

Based on these two critical programs, this planning process is conducted to analyze what the root problem is and how to solve it, permanently.

2. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

The first step in conducting this process is problem identification. In this step we are trying to capture the problems that have any connection, either as causes or effects. In achieving the goal of this step, a tool or method is needed. The analysis tool used in this analysis is problem tree analysis. “Problem tree analysis involves identifying what the main problems are and establishing the cause and effect relationships between these problems. The key purpose of this analysis is to try and ensure that ‘root causes’ are identified and subsequently addressed in the project design, not just the symptoms of the problem(s). A clear and comprehensive problem analysis provides a sound foundation on which to develop a set of relevant and focused project objectives” (ausAID).

As already explained in the previous chapter, the core/main issues would be discussed are flood and clean water crisis. So the next step is listing as many as problems can be found. And the results:

- Not working drainage - Uncontrolled waste

- Lack of awareness of people - Bad habit - High rain intensity - No absorption soil/catchment areas - Land conversion - Illegal logging - ROB flood/sea water flood - Decreasing of water quality - Decreasing of water quantity - Diseases - Congestion - Land subsidence - Economic problems

Plotting the problems is needed to see the problems spatially. After problems related to flood and clean water crisis in Semarang are already identified, the next step is developing problem tree to see the connection among those problems, and then the root problems are identified. The problem tree can be seen in Picture 1.

According to the problems tree, the root problem is increasing of population that is worsened by lack of awareness owned by the people. As a big city, Semarang has big attraction to regions surrounding it. It creates urbanization of people that has been happening for long time. It happens with other big cities such as Jakarta or Surabaya. The more people come to the city, the more land or building (home) is needed. With no regulation control the development, the development in those big cities become under control and creates land conversion. The need of basic needs, forces people do anything that has negative consequences to the environment like illegal logging. Many big buildings developed also eventually triggers land subsidence. Land surface in Semarang has been lowering, it can be 0-13 cm every year. This is the cause of ROB flood (water sea flood). Land conversion also makes no more water catchment areas.

Lack of awareness of the people that reflects on their bad habit, such as throwing waste not in the river just worsens the condition. Drainage system is no longer working and the quality of river water becomes polluted. In this circumstance, clean water resulted as a critical issue besides flood. People start digging the soil to get water, making wells. With that big number population, and no restricted regulation regulates groundwater using, it become decreasing time by time.

These two big problems (flood and clean water crisis) lead big impacts to many aspects, mostly economic and health.

3. DEVELOPING OBJECTIVES

After the problems identified, the next step is developing objectives based of the problems. In conducting it, analysis tool is needed. The tool used is objectives tree. “the objective tree uses exactly the same structure as the problem tree, but with the problem statements (negatives) turned into objective statements (positives) (usAID).

Based on objectives on the objectives above, there are many strategies or program that can be arranged to solve the core problems, flood and clean water crisis. Stop the increasing population might be the most effective strategies. But to conduct those strategies, many stakeholders must be involved, such as government, private sectors, etc. Stakeholders should be the next step on this planning process. But, because this planning process just for education for raising awareness of students to sustainable development, stakeholder analysis was skipped.

4. DESIGNING PROGRAMS

The next step in this planning process is designing programs. Based on many objectives can be conducted in the previous analysis, the objectives that would be chosen to be implement by the students or school is strengthening the soil in absorbing water in order to make enough catchment areas in the future. The action program will be implemented is

Creating Biopories in the School Environment.

Biopori is a method of replicating the natural process of rapid infiltration of storm water from the surface to greater depths. The benefits of using biopori holes include: increased surface water absorption, reduced local flooding.

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PEOBLEM TREE

Flood

Decreased economic activities

High rain intensity

Global Warming

Core Problems

Causes

Effects

ROB

Uncontrolled waste Land subsidence

Land Conversion Illegal Logging

Uncontrolled Development

Inconsistent of land use policy

Increasing of Population

Uncontrolled well development

Not-working drainage

No catchment area

Clean water crisis

Lack of awareness of people

Congestion Diseases

Pesticide

Bad habit

Decreasing of water ground water quantity Decreasing of water quality

Dryness Damaged Road

OBJECTIVE TREE

Increasing economic activities

High rain intensity

Global Warming

Core objectives

Causes

Effects

Decreasing ROB

Controlled waste Decreasing of Land subsidence

No Land Conversion Illegal Logging

Controlled Development

Consistent of land use policy

Decreasing of Population

Controlled well development

Working drainage

Enough catchment areas

Decreasing Flood Clean water Improvement

Huge awareness of people

Smooth traffic Healthy environment

No longer using Pesticide

Good habit

Increasing of water ground water quantity Increasing of water quality

No dryness Good Road

Documentations

1. Seminar of the program to the teachers and employees

2. Seminar of the program to the students and workshop

3. Identifying the problems/issues

4. Justifying the problems identified (observation and interview)

5. The action program implementation (biopories)