Plans for Linear Collider Calorimetry Test Beam Work

at Fermilab

Andy White

for

U.S.+European-CALICE and other collaborators

Physics motivation/need

- Unprecedented requirement for new level of hadron/jet energy resolution /E ~ 30%/E

- Separation of W/Z in hadronic mode:

60%/E

30%/E

How do we achieve this resolution?- Particle Flow Algorithm approach

- High granularity calorimeter (transverse + longitudinal)

- Use excellent Pt resolution of tracker for charged tracks, measure photon energies in Ecal, and Ecal + Hcal to measure neutral hadron energies:

Critical Point !

PFA(s) development relies on MC detector simulation

=> MUST be able to verify MC Calorimeter response over the ranges of energies required and at high spatial resolution:

Comparison of the shower radius in a hadronic calorimeter as predicted by fifteen different MC models of hadronic showers

Goals of Calorimeter Test Beam Program

Test MC modeling of detector response

Test detector technologies

Fermilab – Meson Test Beam Facility

From E.Ramberg/LCWS 2004 Paris

Fermilab – MTBF proton beam

From E.Ramberg/LCWS 2004 Paris

From E.Ramberg/LCWS 2004 Paris

One of the two beamline Cerenkov counters

One of three MWPC stations

Remote controlled scintillator finger counters

Silicon tracker

From E.Ramberg/LCWS 2004 Paris

Operational Characteristics

• There are several operational modes:– Proton Mode: Tune beamline for 120 GeV protons that get transmitted through the target. Rates

at the user area are limited to 1 Mhz. Maximum rates so far are 200 KHz.

– Secondary, or ‘Pion’ Mode: Vary the tune of the beamline according to the momentum desired. Maximum momentum is currently 66 GeV, with rates on the order of 10 kHz. Lowest momentum tune is on the order of 3-5 GeV. (See graph of calculated rates)

– Muons: By inserting a beam stop upstream, muons of tagged momentum less than 66 GeV can be delivered to both areas. By inserting the beam stop between the two user areas, muons of indeterminate momentum can be delivered to the downstream area. The former mode has not been tested. The latter mode has delivered 100 Hz of muons to the user area.

– Electrons: At low momentum (< 5 GeV), the beamline delivers an enhanced electron fraction, at very low rates. There are intermediate target wheels and sweepers to attempt production of an electron beam at higher momentum. This mode has not been tested yet.

• Fast extraction delivers from 20-80 buckets of 20 nsec duration. Each bucket has ~ 500 particles. Can insert beamstop to reduce rate to 0.5 particle/bucket.

• Resonant extraction delivers ‘smooth’ beam over .4 sec spill. Spill can be made shorter – down to 10 or 20 msec – thus making more intense beam.

• Spot sizes can be made as small as 3-5 mm square (with 120 GeV protons) and as large as 5 cm square.

From E.Ramberg/LCWS 2004 Paris

Components to be tested

Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Hadron Calorimeter

Integrated “tail-catcher” + muon system

Electromagnetic calorimetersSilicon – Tungsten

CALICE, SLAC/Oregon/BNL

Note: Low energy e- tests planned at DESY late 2004

Scintillator – Tungsten

U.Colorado, Japan

Hybrid technologies (Si/Scint with W or Pb)

European (Como, Warsaw, LNF, Padova, Trieste)

Kansas/Kansas State

Hadron CalorimetersAnalog/Semi-Digital

CALICE

RPC-Steel ANL,BU, Chicago, FNAL, Iowa

GEM-Steel UTA, U.Washington, +…

Digital Hadron

HV

SignalGraphite

Resistive platesGas

Pick-up pads

Muon Detector/Tail Catchers

Scintillator-Steel US-European

RPC Frascati

Asian participation

Most of the linear collider test beam activities planned at Fermilab so far involve U.S. and European groups.

We would like to invite participation by more of our Asian colleagues.

The coordinator of test beam work is Jae Yu from the University of Texas at Arlington:

jaehoonyu@uta.edu

Proposed test beam program

ECal:

e- - energy scans, 5 – 10 points (inc. DESY overlap)

- incident angle, ~3 points

- hadron showers in ECal

HCal and Tail-catcher

, p – energy scans, 1-66 GeV ( p -> 120 GeV)

- incident angle scans

- - for tracking studies

CALICE HCAL movable test stand

- Holds ECal + HCal + TC

- 3-dimensional variation

Proposed test beam program

Combined runs (ECal + HCal + TC):

e- - energy scans, 5 – 10 points

, p – energy scans, 1-66 GeV ( p -> 120 GeV)

- tracking and calibration

  7 – 12/2005 1 – 6/2006 7 – 12/2006 1 – 6/2007

7 – 12/2007 2008

CALICE ECAL

X          

Other ECALs     X X    

CALICE HCAL

X X X      

Other HCALs     X X X  

Combined tests X X X X X X

Schedule of proposed activities

Conclusions

- A test beam program to study showering in high granularity calorimetry and test new technologies is critically important for LC calorimetery.

- Fermilab Meson Test Beam Facility is ready and available for LC calorimeter prototype tests.

- Beam and other facility upgrades are being requested.

- Several years of testing are foreseen and wider participation is actively encouraged!

Facility Detectors

• Two beamline threshold Cerenkov counters can be operated independently for good particle i.d. (50’ and 80’ long)

• Two stations of X,Y silicon strip detectors are installed.• Three 0.5 mm pitch MWPC into DAQ + Three 1.0 mm

pitch MWPC into the accelerator ACNET control system.• DAQ will be minimum bias triggered during the spill. The

data from scintillators, Cerenkov counters, silicon and MWPC go into event buffers. Buffers are read out during and after the spill and this data will be accessible to experimenters.

From E.Ramberg/LCWS 2004 Paris

Positive Particle Rate

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

pion

proton

Total

Predicted maximum rates in MT6 as a function of momentum for pions and protons

kHz

GeV

List of MTBF Memoranda of Understanding (MOU):

T926: RICE - Took data in Feb.T927: BTeV Pixel - Taking data in SpringT930: BTeV Straw - Taking data in SpringT931: BTeV Muon - Install over SummerT932: Diamond Detector - Taking data in SpringT933: BTeV ECAL - Install over SummerT935: BTeV RICH - Install over SummerT936: US/CMS Pixel - Taking data in Spring

Status of Fermilab Test Beam• Several experiments have taken data or are currently doing so. Other

experiments will be installing in the summer.• 120 Gev, 66 GeV and 33 GeV beams have been delivered. Both fast

extraction and slow spill have been tested.• A low-rate, broad-band muon beam has been established• Tracking and DAQ near completion

– Either fast spill (0.4-1.6 sec) or slow spill (.02-.6 sec)– Typical operation of 1 spill/minute. Can request higher rates.– ~50 K protons/spill at 120 GeV– ~3 K secondary beam/spill at 66 GeV– Lower momenta will give lower rates– Muon filters decrease beam by ~10-3

– Beam spot sizes of ~3 mm square at 120 GeV

Summary of Operational Characteristics

} (Beam rates have improved x5 since these results)

Summary of TB Facilities

Koji YoshimuraMost likely not

available >2005KEK

Available now

Possibly >2008

<2GeV

~20GeVIHEP (China),

JPARC (Japan) ..Other

M. PiccoloAvailable now50 – 750 MeVe-Frascati

H. Videau will cross check

Possibly on 2006CERN (PS/SPS)

F. Sefkow will cross check

2003 – 2005 and beyond?

0.5 – 7 GeVe+, e-DESY

N/A 2007-8 due to upgrade

JLab

Dependent on AGS Status

<10GeVe, p, K, BNL-AGSB2

Competition not yet well known

From 2004Ee< 45 GeV

Eh=33 – 45 GeVhad, e, IHEP-Protvino

Competition with other projects

Currently Available

Ee< 45 GeV

Eh< 13 GeV, e+, hadronsSLAC–ESA

8 BTeV MOU’sFrom 2003E = 5 – 80 GeV

Ep< 120 GeV, Ee<20 GeV(?)

p, K, eFNAL MTBF

NoteAvailabilityp-rangesParticlesFacilities