Plant & Animal InterdependenceWeek 10

Directions1.Prepare your desk for science.2.Use voice level 2 (conversation) to discuss this

question: What are some animal interactions that we discussed yesterday? Are they helpful or harmful?

Homework

Subject Homework Due DateScience Wksht pg. 36A & 37A

Quiz Thursday

Targets & Warm UpTargets:Students will understand how the parts of an ecosystem interact.

Warm Up: What are some animal interactions that we discussed yesterday? Were they helpful or harmful?

Table of Contents

Date Title PageOrganism Interactions 30, 31

Once you are finished with the Table of Contents, go to page 31 and add the title and date to the top of the page.

Organism Interaction• Organisms can interact with other organisms (ex.

plants with plants, animals with animals, and animals with plants)

• Organisms can also interact with their environment.

Your Task1. As a group, read about the ecosystem

interaction.2. Fill in the note sheet.– Type of interaction (circle one) • Between two organisms• Between an organism and the environment

– Example(s) of the interaction– Picture(s) of the interaction

Interactions

PollinationSeed Dispersal

CamouflageMigration

Hibernation

one station

PollinationFlowers make a sweet liquid called nectar. This is

a tasty food for bats, bees, butterflies, and birds. These and other animals move from flower to flower in search of nectar. The color of the petals and the flower’s scent guide animals to the flower. As an animal feeds, pollen from the stamens rubs off onto its body. The pollen may then rub off onto the pistil of the next flower the animal visits. This movement of pollen from stamen to pistil is called pollination.

Pollination

Seed DispersalMany animals eat fruit. Since the seeds of the fruit

have a protective covering, they can pass unharmed through an animal’s digestive system. The seeds can end up on the ground in the animal’s droppings far from the parent plant.

Some fruits are covered with tiny hooks that catch on an animal’s fur. As the animal moves, the fruits go along for the ride. When the tiny hooks break, the fruit falls to the ground. In this way, the seeds can be scattered far and wide.

You probably know that some animals gather and bury nuts and seeds for the winter. Some of those nuts and seeds start to grow after they have been buried.

Seed Dispersal

CamouflageCamouflage is the means by which animals escape the notice of

predators, usually because of a resemblance or likeness to their surroundings. There are different types of camouflage. Concealing coloration is when an animal hides itself against a background of the same color. For example, animals such as the snowshoe hare, snowy owl and polar bears in the Arctic have white coloring to blend in with the snow that surrounds them. Disruptive coloration is when animals have spots, stripes, or patterns to break up their outline so it doesn't stick out against the background. Animals like zebras, leopards, tigers and some fish use this type of camouflage. Disguise is when animals blend in with their surroundings by looking like another object. An insect that looks like a branch or leaf is using a costume to hide from predators. Walking sticks, some katydids, and leaf insects use this type of camouflage. Mimicry is when animals or insects look like other dangerous, bad tasting, or poisonous animals or insects. They pretend to be what they are not. Some snakes, butterflies and moths use this type of camouflage. Examples are the scarlet king snake, the hawk moth, and the Viceroy butterfly.

Camouflage

MigrationEach year groups of certain animals move from one place

to another. Some may travel thousands of miles in the spring and then thousands of miles back in the fall. These long trips are called migrations. Animals migrate with the change of the weather and the seasons. They migrate to find warmer weather, better food supplies, or a safe place to give birth to their young. An example of animal migration is the caribou, which live in the snowy tundra of the far north. In North America they migrate each spring to the northern coast where they birth their calves in the summer. When fall arrives they migrate back south to below the Arctic Circle. In another example, each year Canadian geese fly south for the winter to avoid the winter freeze of lakes and ponds. Then they return to the north for the summer where they nest.

Migration

HibernationAnimals in winter tend to extend their period of deep sleep to

help them survive the winter extremes. With low body-activity, animals reduce their need of food, which is hard come by during the cold season. This is known as hibernation. In winter, black bears and grizzly bears curl up in dens and go to sleep. While hibernating, the bears get energy by "burning" (using up) the fat they stored in their bodies during summer and fall. This fat has to last until spring. To save energy, the bears breathe less often, their hearts beat slowly, and their body temperatures drop a few degrees below normal. Some kinds of mammals, such as chipmunks, ground squirrels, and woodchucks, are deep hibernators. During hibernation, their hearts may beat only a few times per minute. And their bodies cool down until they're close to freezing. This is called going into torpor. Most deep hibernators hibernate for five to seven months. But they stay in torpor for only days or weeks at a time. Then they warm up to normal body temperatures for a few hours or days.

Hibernation

Reflection Question

How are the interactions between organisms and between organisms and the environment important to an organism’s survival?

Targets (Revisited)Targets:Students will understand how the parts of an ecosystem interact.