Plant Cell

Topic # 2013

By: Leyna Dussel

http://www.cellsalive.com/

Plant cell

The Nucleus and Nucleolus The nucleus is the

most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell. It is a membrane-bound organelle and is surrounded by a double membrane. It communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores.

The Nucleus and Nucleolus Within the nucleus is the DNA responsible

for providing the cell with its unique characteristics.

The prominent structure in the nucleus is the nucleolus.

The nucleolus produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus to positions on the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they are critical in protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum responsible for

the production of hormones and other secretor products

ER for short continuation of

the outer nuclear membrane

Smooth Vs. Rough ER The rough ER appears rough due to the

presence of ribosomes on the membrane surface

Rough ER is important in the synthesis of other proteins.

At the ribosomes on the rough ER, the messenger RNA is translated into proteins

Smooth ER is important in the synthesis of lipids and membrane proteins

Centrosome The centrosome, also called the

"microtubule organizing center", is an area in the cell where microtubles are produced

from each centrosome, microtubules grow into a "spindle" which is responsible for separating replicated chromosomes into the two daughter cells

Plant cells have centrosomes, but they do not have centrioles

Cytoskeleton primary importance

of the cytoskeleton is in cell motility

The internal movement of cell organelles

The cytoskeleton is an organized network of three primary protein filaments: microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate fibers

Golgi Apparatus a stack of membrane-

bound vesicles that are important in packaging macromolecules (enzymatic or hormonal contents of lysosomes, peroxisomes and secretory vesicles) transport elsewhere in the cell

Mitochondria provide the energy a

cell needs membrane-bound

organelles, and like the nucleus have a double membrane

Combine sugar and oxygen to make ATP - the primary energy source for the cell

Vacuole membrane-bound sac that

plays roles in intracellular digestion and the release of cellular waste products

Vacuoles tend to be large in plant cells and play a role in turgor pressure. When a plant is well-watered, water collects in cell vacuoles producing rigidity in the plant. Without sufficient water, pressure in the vacuole is reduced and the plant wilts

Cell Membrane The membrane is a

double layer of lipids The membrane is

responsible for the controlled entry and exit of ions like sodium (Na) potassium (K), calcium (Ca++).

Cytosol The cytosol (cytoplasm) is the "soup"

within which all the other cell organelles reside and where most of the cellular metabolism occurs

full of proteins that control cell metabolism including signal transduction pathways, glycolysis, intracellular receptors, and transcription factors.

Cell wall Prokaryotic cells and

plant cells Only made up of

polysaccharides The cell wall provides

and maintains the shape of these cells and serves as a protective barrier

Chloroplast specialized

organelles found in all higher plant cells

These organelles contain the plant cell's chlorophyll, hence provide the green color

where photosynthesis takes place