Plant Diversity and Life CyclesBiology 2Chapter 29

Lycophyta-Nonvascular PlantsPlants which lack xylem and phloem, the vascular tissues which carry water and sugars to all parts of the plant.Lack true leaves, roots and stemsHornworts, liverworts and mosses

Hornworts

Liverworts

Mosses

Life Cycle of MossesThe dominant form of a moss is a clump of leafy green gametophytes which produces the sperm and the eggHave alternation of generationsThe alternate form is called the sporophyte and produces the spores

AntheridiumThe male reproductive structures that produce hundreds of flagellated sperm by mitosis

ArchegoniumThe female reproductive structure that produces a single egg by mitosis

FertilizationWhen sperm unites with the egg and begins dividing to form the zygotehaploidhaploiddiploid

SporophyteGrows from the tip of a gametophyte and remains attached to itForms the spores by meiosis which are released and grow to produce the gametophyte

Seedless Vascular PlantsPlants which reproduce by spores and lack vascular tissueFerns, horsetails and whisk ferns

PterophytaFerns

Life Cycle of a FernHas alternation of generationsThe sporophyte is the dominant formThe gametophyte is tiny and forms the antheridia and archegonia

SoriLocated on the underside of a fern frond and contain the sporangia where the spores are formed

SphenophytaHorsetails, Equisetum Equisetum

PsilophytaWhisk ferns