Plant Diversity

Chapter 22

What is a Plant? Members of the Kingdom Plantae They are divided into 4 groups: Bryophytes,

Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms They have cell walls made of cellulose Carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll

Plant Life Cycle Alternation of generations:

Diploid phase: sporophyte or spore producing plant meiosis

Haploid phase: gametophyte or gamete producing plant mitosis

Bryophytes

Mosses and their relatives Nonvascular plants: do not have vascular

tissue (system of transport tubes) that conduct water and nutrients

Depend on water for reproduction Osmosis Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts

Bryophytes http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery

/30695-assignment-discovery-bryophytes-video.htm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcWYAnmm-QE

Plants with Vascular Systems A vascular system is a system of tubes to

transport water and nutrients in a plants Includes Ferns, Gymnosperms, and

Angiosperms. Ferns are Seedless Vascular Plants Gymno and Angiosperms are Vascular

Seed Producing Plants

Vascular Plants Tissues Tracheids: cell that is specialized to

conduct water Xylem: carries water upward from the

roots to every part of a plant Pholem: Transports solutions of nutrients

and carbohydrates

Ferns and their relatives Include club mosses, horsetails, and ferns Seedless vascular plants - they produce

spores Have true roots, leaves, and stems http://videos.howstuffworks.com/

discovery/30696-assignment-discovery-ferns-video.htm

Vascular Seed Plants Divided into two groups: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Seed Plants Gymnoperms: bear seeds directly on the

surface of cones http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=D9byVQxvMXs http://videos.howstuffworks.com/

discovery/30697-assignment-discovery-gymnosperms-video.htm

Seed Plants Angiosperms: flowering plants that bear

their seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/27703-assignment-discovery-angiosperms-video.htm

Seed Plant Reproduction Includes:

Flowers or cones Pollen grain (male) http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/

30702-assignment-discovery-plant-reproduction-video.htm

Monocots – 1 seed leaf

Angiosperm Diversity

Dicots – 2 seed leaves

Annuals: complete a life cycle only in one growing season.

Biennials: complete their life cycle in two years

Perennials: live for more than two years

VeinsCuticle

Epidermis

PalisadeMesophyll

VeinXylem

Phloem

Stoma

Guard Cells

Epidermis

Spongy Mesophyll

PLANT ANATOMY