plant galls of alaska - akentsoc.org · new plant tissue stimulated • rose spiny galls • some...
TRANSCRIPT
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Plant Galls of Alaska
Dominique Collet
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Galls are plant tissues modified by another organism
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Gall-inducing Organisms
• Nematodes • Fungi • Bacteria • Plant • Algae • Acarina (mites) • Insects
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Galled organisms
Algae Fungi
Lichens
Flowering plants
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Gall Types
Plant tissue growth inhibited : Leaf rolls Rosette galls Willow beaked galls Cottonwood petiole galls • New plant tissue stimulated • Rose spiny galls • Some stem galls
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Common Alaskan Plants Affected by Galls
Achillea sp. Cecidomyiidae Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi Tamalia coweni (Aphididae) Betula Massalongia spp., Oligotrophus spp., (Cecidomyiidae) Calamagrostis canadensis Mayetiola sp. (Cecidomyiidae) Epilobium angustifolium Mompha sp. (Momphidae) Picea glauca: Adelges spp., Pineus spp. (Adelgidae) Populus trichocarpa Pemphigus sp. (Eriosomatidae)
Eriophiidae Rosa spp. Diplolepis spp. (Cynipidae) Salix spp. Rabdophaga spp., Iteomyia spp.(Cecidomyiidae) Euura spp., Pontania spp., Phyllocolpa spp. (Tenthredinidae) Eriophiidae
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Galling arthropods
• Eriophyiid mites (pouch galls) • Sawflies: stem galls (Euura), leaf
margin roll (Phyllocolpa), leaf galls (Pontania)
• Cecidomyiidae: stem galls, bud galls, petiole galls (Rabdophaga)
• Aphids: petiole galls (Adelges, Pemphigus)
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Plant Organ Galled
• Leaf buds • Stem • Flower buds- fruits- seeds • Roots
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Tortricidae leaf roll on birch
Tamalia coweni leaf margin roll on Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi
Phyllocolpa sp. leaf margin roll on Salix alaxensis
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Eriophiid mites induced leaf curling on Populus balsamiferous
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Epilobium angustifolium stem gall induced by Mompha sp.
Mompha sp. caterpillars inside the gall
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Calamagrostis canadensis and Arctagrostis latifolia inflorescences galled by Mayetiola spp. (Cecidomyiidae)
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Diplolepis polita and its spiny galls on Rosa acicularis
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Revision in progress of the taxonomy of Euura, Phyllocolpa and Pontania of Alaska by Dr. Jens Peter Kopelke of the Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt, Germany.
Euura sp. Pontania spp.- induced galls on willow
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Cross-section showing the location of gall-inducer larva chambers
Larva in a single chamber Single empty
chamber
Rabdophaga rosaria and R. strobiloides galls
Multiple chambers
S. sitchensis S. pulchra S. bebbiana
S. barclayi
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S. glauca
S. richardsonii
S. barclayi
S. commutata
S. fuscescens
S. myrtillifolia S. pulchra
S. bebbiana
S. babylonica S. sitchensis
Rabdophaga specimens inducing rosettes on these willows are included in a comparative DNA study with similar Japanese and European specimens by Dr. Junici Yukawa and Shinsuke Sato at the University of Kyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Rabdophaga rigidae galls on Salix
S. glauca
S. alaxensis
S. myrtillifolia S. fuscescens
S. barclayi
S. bebbiana
S. pulchra
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Galls useful for the winter identification of Alaskan willows
S. pulchra
S. bebbiana S. arbusculoides
S. barclayi
S. sitchensis
S. glauca