PLANT

MOVEMENT

•TROPISM•NASTIC

Compiled by:

•HAFIZHAH DINI NST

PLANT MOVEMENT

• The ability to detect where the conditions are better, so they can grow into more favorable conditions.

• Their responses are of two basic types: - tropism movement- nastic movement

TROPISM

phototropism

hydrotropism

Geotropism

tigmotropism

chemotropis

m

.

A. Tropism Movement

• Responses involving movement by part of a plant in which the direction of movement is determined by the direction of stimulus.

• Tropisms are either:- Positive : Movement is towards the

source of stimulus, or- Negative : Movement is away from the

source of the stimulus.

Types of tropisms

1. Geotropism2. Phototropism3. Thigmotropism 4. Chemotropism 5. Hydrotropism

Geotrophism

GERAK PADA TUMBUHAN

phototropism

Rotating

Apical dominance

Geotropism

tigmotropism

Mostion trap matery

Geotropi•Movement or growth in response to gravity

•The root presents positive geotropism

•The stem presents negative geotropism

Geotropism (gravitropism)

Geotropism and Auxin

Phototropism • Movement or growth in response to lights.• The stem has positive phototropism. • The root has negative phototropism. • Example :

when we place a vegetable in a room next to a window, little by little, it will go bending towards the light

Phototropism

tropism

matery

phototropism

hydrotropism

Geotropism

tigmotropism

chemotropis

m

phototropism

phototropism

Rotating

Apical dominance

Geotropism

tigmotropism

Mostion trap matery

These movements take place because the plants possess some specialized receivers , called phototropins that activate the vegetable hormone auxine.

The ways in which a plant responds to these stimuli is coordinated by hormones.

Phototropism and Auxin

ThigmotropismTigmotropisme directional response of a plant organ to touch or physical contact with a solid object

Plant part that response to touch tendril

Example climbing tendrils of some plants, such as the sweet pea

Example of thigmotropism

tropism

phototropism

hydrotropism

Geotropism

tigmotropism

chemotropis

m matery

Touched cells produce auxin and transport it to untouched cells. Some untouched cells will then elongate faster so cell growth bends around the object. Some seedlings also inhibit triple response, caused by pulses of ethylene which cause the stem to thicken (grow slower and stronger) and curve to start growing horizontally.

How tendrils move

Chemotropism

tropism

phototropism

hydrotropism

Apical dominance

Geotropism

tigmotropism

chemotropis

m

Chemotropism

•Chemotropism is moving of a part of plant because of chemical impuls.

• The example is the moving of plant because of fertilizer, moving of plant roots near river going to the river water..

Hydrotropism

tropism

phototropism

hydrotropism

Apical dominance

Geotropism

tigmotropism

chemotropis

m

Hydrotropism•Hydrotropisme is the

movement of plant to get closer with water.

•This mostly occur in root and stem.

•The example is the movement of Ipomoea aquatica approach the river.

NASTY

Termonasty

Seismonasty

Epinasty

Photonasty

Mostion trap

Nasty Movements

• The movements occuring in response to diffused stimulus.

• Stimulus may be light, temperature, touch or water.

• May be permanent growth motion or reversible variation motion.

• Influenced by osmotic potential changing • Example : includes the mimosa leaves when it

distrurbed.

(1) Epinasty

• Movement in which the resultant bending of the plant part is downwards, due to increased growth on the upper side of an organ.

• occur in leaves where the petiole bends so that the leaf points to the ground rather than upwards.

• Comparing hyponasty : upward bending of leaves or other plant parts, resulting from growth of the lower side.

(2) Thermonastic

• Response to the temperature• Opening of flower in high temperature and

closing at low temperature.• These movements are composed of leaf

curling and leaf angle changes that are distinct leaf movements with different responses to climatic factors.

• Crocus Plant : tulip • Ericaceae : Rhododendron sp.

Crocus Plant

Rhododendron L.

Photonasty

Many leguminous plants, with their pulvinous bases, show characteristic sleeping movements and they show a rhythmic pattern of opening of leaf-lets in the day and closing in the evening with a precision of a clock. In fact, such movements are attributed to circadian rhythm operated by an inbuilt biological clock.

In the SLEEPLESS mutation of Lotus japonicus, the pulvini are changed into petiole-like structures, rendering the plant incapable of closing its leaflets at night.

• Seismonasty

• seismonasty is the nastic response of a plant or fungus to touch or vibration.

• • Mimosa pudica is a good example for this case.

• Mimosa pudica is a plant with compound leaves that has attracted detailed investigation.

• It appears that contact or injury causes leaflet deformation that in turn triggers an action potential. The action potential travels through the plant until it reaches a pulvinus at the base of the leaflet or petiole.

Motion trap• in the case of some insectivorous plants equipped with a trap.

• Example: Ultricularia sp, Venus flytrap

Motion trap

NASTY

Termonasty

Seismonasty

Epinasty

photonasty

Mostion trap

ultricularia

Capturing prey process in ultricularia

it has been argued the most complex plant leaf on this planet is the Utricularia suction trap. The traps ready themselves by pumping water out of the sealed trap creating what would be considered a vacuum if air were involved. When triggered, they work so quickly that the highest speed video cameras show the prey outside the trap in one frame and already sucked inside on the next frame. Once inside the prey is digested and the trap rearms itself.

Capturing prey process in venus flytrapWhen an insect lands or crawls on the trap, it is likely to run into one of six, short, stiff hairs on the trap's surface. These are called trigger hairs, and they serve as a primitive motion detector for the plant. If two of these hairs are brushed in close succession, or one hair is touched twice, the leaves close down upon the offending insect within half a second.

PREFERENCES

• http://www.botanical-online.com/lasplantasm

ovimientosvegetalesangles.htm• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropism• http://leavingbio.net/Plant%20Responses.htm• Dr Brett Ferguson, Apical Control of Shoot

Branching• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thigmotropism• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/apical_dominanc

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