plant parts

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Plant Parts and their Functions 13.00 Describe principles of plant science as related to horticulture 14.00 Compare the anatomical parts and distinguishing characteristics of horticultural plants

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Page 1: Plant  Parts

Plant Parts and their Functions

13.00 Describe principles of plant science as related to horticulture14.00 Compare the anatomical parts and distinguishing characteristics of horticultural plants

Page 2: Plant  Parts

Plant Sciences

• Biology-the branch of science that deals with both plant and animal organisms and life processes– Zoology-the part of biology that deals

with animals– Botany the part of biology that deals

with plants

Page 3: Plant  Parts

Plant Sciences

• Applied plant sciences are based on the purposes for which the plants are grown– Agronomy– Forestry– Horticulture

Page 4: Plant  Parts

Agronomy

The science and practice of growing field crops such as cotton, wheat, tobacco, corn and soybeans.

Page 5: Plant  Parts

Forestry

The science and practice of growing, managing and harvesting trees for building materials and other products.

Page 6: Plant  Parts

Horticulture

The science and practice of growing, processing and marketing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants

Page 7: Plant  Parts

Life Cycles of Plants

• Annual-a plant that completes its life cycle in one year

• Biennial-a plant that completes its life cycle in two years

• Perennial-a plant that lives more than two years

Page 8: Plant  Parts

Leaf Retention

• Deciduous-loses leaves during the dormant season

• Evergreen-keeps leaves and remains green year-round

Page 9: Plant  Parts

Plant Hormones

• Several types of hormones are used to help plants work more efficiently.– Inhibitors– cytokinins– gibberellias– auxins

Page 10: Plant  Parts

Inhibitors

• Inhibitors hasten fruit ripening, retain seed germination and stem elongation.

Page 11: Plant  Parts

Cytokinins

• Hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division.

Page 12: Plant  Parts

Gibberellias

• Hormones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering, and breaking of dormancy.

Page 13: Plant  Parts

Auxins

• Hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement

Page 14: Plant  Parts

Moisture in Plants

• Turgid-plant is swollen or filled with moisture

• Wilted-plant is limp because it does not have enough moisture

Page 15: Plant  Parts

Plant Parts

• Leaves• Stems• Roots• Flowers

Page 16: Plant  Parts

Leaves-External

• Petiole-leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf to the stem

• Blade-the large, flat part of the leaf• Midrib-the large center vein• Veins-the structural framework of

the leaf• Margin-the edge of the leaf

Page 17: Plant  Parts

Leaves-External

Page 18: Plant  Parts

Leaves-Internal

• Upper and lower epidermis-skin of the leaf that prevents the loss of too much moisture

• Stomates-small openings under the leaf for breathing or transpiration

• Guard Cells-open and close stomates

Page 19: Plant  Parts

Leaves-Internal

• Chloroplasts-small green particles that contain chlorophyll– gives leaves their green color– necessary for photosynthesis

Page 20: Plant  Parts

Leaves-Internal

Page 21: Plant  Parts

Leaves-Internal

Page 22: Plant  Parts

Stems-External• Lenticels-breathing pores• Bud scale scars-show where terminal

buds have been located• Leaf Scars-show where leaves were

attached• Terminal bud-bud on the end of a stem• Axillary or lateral bud-bud on side of

stem

Page 23: Plant  Parts

Stems-Internal

• Xylem-tissue that transports water and nutrients up from the roots to stems and leaves

• Phloem-tissue that transports food down from leaves to roots

Page 24: Plant  Parts

Stems-Internal

PhloemPhloem

Xylem

Page 25: Plant  Parts

Stems-Internal

• Cambium-thin, green, actively growing tissue located between bark and wood and produces all new stem cells

• Bark-old inactive phloem

• Heartwood-old inactive xylem

• Sapwood-new active xylem

Page 26: Plant  Parts

Stems-Internal

Cambium

Heartwood

Sapwood

Bark

Page 27: Plant  Parts

Stems-Internal

• Monocota-plant stems have vascular bundles that contain both xylem and phloem in each bundle– examples: corn, grasses

• Dicata-plant stems have the phloem layer and xylem layer separated by cambium– example: trees

Page 28: Plant  Parts

Stems-Internal

Monocot Dicot

Page 29: Plant  Parts

Roots-External

• Root cap-indicates growth of new cells

• Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and minerals

Root images from a rice plant

Page 30: Plant  Parts

Roots-Internal

• Much like stems in that they have a phloem, cambium, and xylem layer

• Phloem-the outer layer that carries food down the root

• Xylem-the inner layer that carries water and minerals up to the stem

Page 31: Plant  Parts

Layers of Roots

• Fibrous-many branched shallow roots– are easier to transplant

• Tap-long root with few branched ones– more difficult to transplant

Page 32: Plant  Parts

Flowers

• Sepals-Green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens

• Petals-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers

• Stamen-male part of the flower• Pistil-female part of the flower

Page 33: Plant  Parts

Flowers

Page 34: Plant  Parts

Parts of the Stamen

• Filament-short stalk that holds up the anther

• Anther-a sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male sex cells

Page 35: Plant  Parts

Parts of the Pistil

• Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized

• Ovary-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat

• Style-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary

• Stigma-sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollen

Page 36: Plant  Parts

Parts of the PistilStigma

Style

Ovary

Page 37: Plant  Parts

Complete-vs-Incomplete

• Complete flowers have both male and female parts

• Incomplete flowers have only male or female parts

Page 38: Plant  Parts

What are the functions of these

plant parts?

Page 39: Plant  Parts

Functions of Leaves

• Photosynthesis-manufactures food in green plants which is the beginning of the food chain for all living things

• Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light are converted to sugar and oxygen

Page 40: Plant  Parts

Functions of Stems

• Translocation-moves water and minerals from roots up to the leaves and move food from the leaves down to the roots

• Supports branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds

Page 41: Plant  Parts

Functions of Roots

• Absorption-take water and nutrients from the soil and conduct them to the stem

• Anchor the plant and hold it upright• Store food for plant use• Asexual reproduction in some

plants

Page 42: Plant  Parts

Functions of Flowers

• Produce seeds used for sexual reproduction

• Attract insects for pollination (Pollination is the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.)

• Produce fruit to protect, nourish and carry seeds