Plant Parts and Functions

Parts of The Plant

Five basic parts•Leaves•Stems•Roots•Flowers•Fruit

Roots2 Types of Root Systems

Taproot SystemPrimary root grows down from the stem with some small secondary roots forming

Examples: Carrots & Turnips

RootsFibrous SystemSmall lateral roots that spread out just below the soil’s surface

Examples: Corn & Beans

Root Functions

1. Absorption of water and nutrients (performed by root hairs)

3. Anchor plant to maintain stability

Roots have 4 primary functions

2. Transportation of water and nutrients to stem

4. Store food and water

Leaves

Main body of leafAttaches blade to stem

Important Functions of Leaves

PhotosynthesisProcess that plants use to produce their food

Transpiration

Loss of water and exchange of carbon dioxide

Parts of the StemNode

Areas where side branches and leaves develop from

InternodeArea between nodes

LenticlesSmall holes located in the stem (breathing pores)

Functions of the Stem1. Transports water and nutrients from roots to leaves

2. Supports leaves, fruits and flowers

3. Food Storage

Fruit ClassificationAggregate

Develop from a single flower with many ovaries

Examples: Strawberries & Tulips

Fruit ClassificationMultiple

Fruit develops from a group of tightly clustered flowers

Examples: Pineapples & Figs

Fruit ClassificationSimple

Develop from a single ovary

Examples: Cherries & Tomatoes

Fruit’s FunctionSite of seed production

Flower PartsPistilFemale part of plant

Consists of:•Stigma•Style•Ovary

Flower PartsStamen

Male reproductive organ

Consists of:•Anther

•Stamen

Flower PartsPetals

Highly colored part of the flower, may contain perfume and/or nectar glands

SepalsSmall green structures on the base of a flower that protect the flower bud

Flower ClassificationComplete flower Has all four male and female

partsIncomplete flower Missing one of the four male or

female parts

Perfect flower Has stamens and pistils

Imperfect flower Lacking either stamens or pistils

Flower FunctionSexual Reproduction is the flowers sole function

Pollination by:

Wind

Insects and Birds

Parts of the Seed

EndospermTissue that provides nutrition for the developing seed

CotyledonFood storage tissue

EmbryoGrowing part of seed

Parts of the Seed

SeedcoatProtective outer covering of the seed

ScutellumAbsorbs the endosperm