Plant Physiology

Form & Function

Plant Functions: 1. capture energy &

assimilate carbon 2. distribute nutrients

& water 3. grow & develop 4. respond to the

environment 5. reproduce

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

cell wall plasma membrane protoplast organelles nucleus/

nucleoplasm cytoplasm Cytosol (gel)

PlasmalemmaUnit Membrane & Fluid Mozaic Models

___________ Protein ____________ Phospholipid __ Phospholipid ____________ Protein ____________

fig 1.17

Integral, Peripheral pores, enzyme systems Glycolipids

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Nucleus - Genetic Material DNA Chromosomes Double Membrane -

pores

Nucleolus - -> Ribosome

production (Protein

production)

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Cytoskeleton 3-D network

Microtubules tubulin Microfilaments actin

Dynamic -> Cytoplasmic

Streaming tubulin Actin

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Mitochondrion - double membrane

cover Cell respiration ->

ATPs glycolysis Krebs Cycle

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Chloroplast - photosynthesis

“Endosymbiosis”

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Plastids - Protoplast ->

Chloroplast - photosynthesis

Amyloplast - starch storage

Chromoplast - pigment storage

fig. 1.21

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Microbodies Oleosomes - lipid storage; mainly in seeds 1/2 membrane cover; from smooth ER

Peroxisomes - contain catalase; rid hydrogen peroxide

single layer membrane cover

Glyoxysomes - fatty-acid metabolism single layer membrane cover

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Cell Wall - Primary - Cellulose Microfibrils

50%

- Pectin 35% - Glycans (10%) forms X-linkages between Microfibrils, dynamic

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Plasmodesmata - continuation of plasmalemma between cells Desmotubules - continuation of ER

Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

Primary Pit Field - No secondary CW Pits, Pit Pairs

Cells --> Tissues

Parenchyma - photosynthesis; storage (Chlorenchyma); undifferentiated cellsCollenchyma - supportSclerenchyma - supportXylem - (tracheids & vessels) conducting water & mineralsPhloem - (seive tube elements & companion cells); conducting organic food

in solution

Cells --> Tissues

Epidermis - protective covering; replaced by phlellem; (guard cells, cuticle)Periderm - (Cork or phlellem cells); forms

cork cambium

Plant Developmentseed --> embryo --> adult plant

Largest Seed Known??

Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)

Meristems Apical

primary growth

Lateral secondary

growth vascular

cambium cork cambium

Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)

Root

Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)

Stem

Monocots vs. Dicots

Leaves Petiole & Blade

Leaves Petiole & Blade