Plant Structure and Function

Chapter 31

Plant cells: Parenchyma

Large central vacuole Storage of water

Form the bulk of non-woody plants

Plant cells: Collenchyma

Thicker cell wall – more support

Plant cells: Sclerenchyma

Thick cell wall – support in areas that are no longer growing.

Dermal Tissue Systems

Outside covering of the plant

Epidermis is often covered by a cuticle.

Openings in leaf and stem are called stomata.

Ground Tissue System

Storage, metabolism, support.

Vascular Tissue System

Transport and support. Xylem - water Phloem – organic materials

Growth in Meristems

Apical Meristem – length – tips of roots and stems.

Intercalary meristem – length between nodes – between the tip and base of stems & leaves

Lateral meristems – increase width

Lateral Meristem - Secondary Growth

Vascular cambium – makes more vascular tissue.

Cork cambium – produces cork.

Roots

Types of roots

Taproot – largest

Fibrous root

Root Structure

Root cap – makes slimy substance

Root hairs

Apical meristem

Roots

Monocot RootDicot Root

Root Functions

Absorb water and minerals Anchor the plant Store carbohydrates (phloem)

Stems

Node

Bud – can make new shoot

Monocot vs. Dicot Stem

Woody Dicots

Wood is produced from xylem

Bark is produced from phloem & cork

Nutrient Transport

Pressure – flow hypothesis

Explain: How does water move up the plant?

Water transport

Cohesion

Adhesion

Leaf Structure

Stomata Mesophyll – where

photosynthesis occurs.

Veins

Leaf Function

Photosynthesis, gas exchange, capture sunlight.

Sun leafs – thicker, more chloroplasts.

Stomata – guard cells