plants and there uses

7/23/2019 Plants and There Uses

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Aloe Vera

An aloe vera plant can add a lovely touch of green to any oce or home. But

did you know that your favorite potted plant could be used for so much more

than household dcor?

The powerful aloe vera plant is a part of the Aloaceae, or lily, family, which is

known for its diverse perennials with short stems and thick, crowded leaves.

Aloe vera has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. ative to

orth Africa, !outhern "urope, and the #anary $slands, today aloe vera is

grown in tropical climates worldwide. %rom relieving heartburn to slowing the

spread of cancer, researchers are only &rst beginning to unlock all of the

powerful uses of this universal plant and its many ama'ing byproducts.

1. Your houseplant could fght your heartburn.(astroesophageal re)u*

disease +("- is a digestive disorder that often results in symptoms

including heartburn. A recent reviewe*plains that consuming / to 0 onces of

aloe gel at mealtimes could reduce the severity of ("- and other digestion1

related problems. The plant2s low to*icity makes it a safe and gentle remedy.

2. A little aloe vera gel a day could keep bacteria on ruits and

vegetables away.$n a recent study, an aloe vera gel coating on tomato

plants was able to block, not all, but many types of harmful bacteria. !imilar

results were found in a di3erent studywith apples. This means that aloe gel

could help produce stay fresh for longer without the need for potentially

dangerous chemicals.

3. An alternative to mouthwash. A 45/6 studyfound aloe vera e*tract to

be a safe and e3ective alternative to chemical1based mouthwashes. The

plant2s natural ingredients, which include a healthy dose of vitamin #, can

block pla7ue and also provide relief if you have bleeding or swelling gums.
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/56937908/herbs-gastroesophageal-reflux-diseasehttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9198816&fileId=S0248129414000012http://www.researchgate.net/publication/248392329_Effect_of_Edible_Coatings_from_Aloe_vera_gel_on_Citrus_sinensis_during_Ambient_storagehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24795515http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9198816&fileId=S0248129414000012http://www.researchgate.net/publication/248392329_Effect_of_Edible_Coatings_from_Aloe_vera_gel_on_Citrus_sinensis_during_Ambient_storagehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24795515http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/56937908/herbs-gastroesophageal-reflux-disease


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4. he new blood sugar regulator is greener than ever. 8ight aloe

vera be able to help people with diabetes regulate their blood sugar

levels? 9ne studyconducted in Thailand found that two tablespoons of aloe

vera :uice per day caused blood sugar levels to fall in people with type 4

diabetes, which means it may have a future in diabetes treatment. These

results were con&rmed with alater studyfrom Turkey that used pulp e*tract.

Slippery elmis a tree. The inner bark (not the whole bark) is used as medicine. People

take slippery elmfor coughs, sore throat, colic, diarrhea, constipation, hemorrhoids,

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), bladder and urinary tract infections, syphilis, herpes, and

for epelling tapeworms

Possibly Effectivefor:

Sore throat, when added to lo!enges. "ommercial lo!enges containing slippery

elm are preferred to the nati#e herb when used for coughand sore throat. Thelo!enges prolong the pain$killing effect.

Insufficient Evidencefor:

"ancer. %arly research suggests that a specific product containing burdock

root, Indian rhubarb, sheep sorrel, and slippery elm bark does not impro#e &uality oflife in breast cancer patients.

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). 'n early study shows that taking a specific

product containing slippery elm bark, lactulose, oat bran, and licorice root canincrease bowel mo#ements and reduce stomach pain and bloating in people with IBSthat is characteri!ed by constipation. ' different combination product containingslippery elm bark, bilberry, cinnamon, and agrimony can reduce stomach pain,bloating, and gas in people with IBS that is characteri!ed by diarrhea.

"oughs.

"olic.

iarrhea.

"onstipation.

emorrhoids.

Bladder infection.

*rinary tract infections.

+ther conditions.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23195077http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11268118http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-978-slippery%20elm.aspx?activeingredientid=978&activeingredientname=slippery%20elmhttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ss/slideshow-anatomy-of-a-sore-throathttp://www.webmd.com/first-aid/coughshttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/treat-symptoms-12/video-how-to-soothe-sore-throathttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-978-slippery%20elm.aspx?activeingredientid=978&activeingredientname=slippery%20elmhttp://www.webmd.com/ibs/video/drossman-what-is-ibshttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-bladder-infections-basic-informationhttp://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-infectionshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23195077http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11268118http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-978-slippery%20elm.aspx?activeingredientid=978&activeingredientname=slippery%20elmhttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ss/slideshow-anatomy-of-a-sore-throathttp://www.webmd.com/first-aid/coughshttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/treat-symptoms-12/video-how-to-soothe-sore-throathttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-978-slippery%20elm.aspx?activeingredientid=978&activeingredientname=slippery%20elmhttp://www.webmd.com/ibs/video/drossman-what-is-ibshttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-bladder-infections-basic-informationhttp://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-infections


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Slippery elm is POSSIBLY SAFEfor most people when taken by mouth. hen applied

to the skin, some people can ha#e an allergic reactions and skin irritation.

Special Precautions & Warnings:

Prenancy and breast!feedin- olklore says that slippery elm bark can cause a

miscarriage when it is inserted into the cer#i of a pregnant woman. +#er the years,

slippery elm got the reputation of being capable of causing an abortion e#en when taken

by mouth. owe#er, there/s no reliable information to confirm this claim. 0e#ertheless,

stay on the safe side and don/t take slippery elm if you are pregnant or breast$feeding.

"ea treeoil is deri#ed from the lea#es of the tea tree. The tea tree was named byeighteenth century sailors, who made tea that smelled like nutmeg from the lea#es of

the tree growing on the swampy southeast 'ustralian coast. o not confuse the tea tree

with the unrelated common tea plant that is used to make black and green teas.

Tea tree oil is applied to the skin(used topically) for infections such as acne, fungal

infections of the nail (onychomycosis), lice,scabies, athlete1s foot(tinea pedis),

andringworm. It is also used topically as a local antiseptic for cuts and abrasions, for

burns, insect bitesand stings, boils, #aginal infections,

recurrent herpeslabialis,toothache,infections of the mouthand nose, sore throat, and

for ear infectionssuch as otitis mediaand otitis eterna.

Some people add it to bath water to treat cough, bronchial congestion, and

pulmonaryinflammation.

How does it work?

The chemicals in tea tree oil may kill bacteria and fungus, and reduce allergic skin

reactions.

2ild to moderate acne. 'pplying a 34 tea tree oil gel appears to be as effecti#e

as 34 ben!oyl peroide(+y$3, Ben!ac'", and others) for treating acne. Tea treeoil might work more slowly than ben!oyl peroide, but seems to be less irritating tofacial skin. hen applied twice daily for 53 days, tea tree oil reduces se#eral acnesymptoms,including acne se#erity.

ungus infections of the nails (onychomycosis). Topical application of 6774 tea

tree oil solution, twice daily for si months, can cure fungal toenail infection in about
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/picture-of-the-skinhttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/children/tc/lice-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/children/tc/lice-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/skin-conditions-lice-scabieshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/understanding-athletes-foot-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ringworm-myths-factshttp://www.webmd.com/first-aid/tc/insect-bites-and-stings-and-spider-bites-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/women/guide/sexual-health-vaginal-infectionshttp://www.webmd.com/genital-herpes/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/toothacheshttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/toothacheshttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/anatomy-of-the-mouthhttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/understanding-sore-throat-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ear-infection/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ear-infection/understanding-otitis-media-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/first-aid/coughshttp://www.webmd.com/arthritis/about-inflammationhttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/ss/slideshow-acne-dictionaryhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-1344/benzoyl+peroxide+topical/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-1074/benzac+ac+topical/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/understanding-acne-treatmenthttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/understanding-acne-symptomshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/understanding-acne-symptomshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/understanding-acne-symptomshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/picture-of-the-skinhttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/children/tc/lice-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/skin-conditions-lice-scabieshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/understanding-athletes-foot-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ringworm-myths-factshttp://www.webmd.com/first-aid/tc/insect-bites-and-stings-and-spider-bites-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/women/guide/sexual-health-vaginal-infectionshttp://www.webmd.com/genital-herpes/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/toothacheshttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/anatomy-of-the-mouthhttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/understanding-sore-throat-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ear-infection/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ear-infection/understanding-otitis-media-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/first-aid/coughshttp://www.webmd.com/arthritis/about-inflammationhttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/ss/slideshow-acne-dictionaryhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-1344/benzoyl+peroxide+topical/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-1074/benzac+ac+topical/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/understanding-acne-treatmenthttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/understanding-acne-symptomshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/understanding-acne-symptoms


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684 of people who try it. It can also impro#e nail appearance and symptoms in about394 of patients after three months and 974 of patients after si months of treatment.It seems to be comparable to twice daily application ofclotrima!ole64 solution(ungoid, :otrimin, :otrimin '). :ower concentrations of tea tree oil do not seem tobe as effecti#e. or eample, there is some e#idence that a 34 tea tree oil creamapplied three times daily for two months has no benefit.

'thlete1s foot (tinea pedis). Topical application of a 674 tea tree oil cream works

about as well as tolnaftate 64 cream (;enaspor, Tinactin, Ting, and others) for

relie#ing symptoms of athlete1s foot, including scaling, inflammation, itching, andburning. owe#er, the 674 tea tree oil cream doesn1t seem to cure the infection. 'stronger tea tree oil solution (


5/14

formulations of chamomile have been used to treat colic, cystitis, fever, flatulence, and

vomiting.

How safe is it?

Contraindications

Do not use if you are allergic to ragweed pollens.

Pregnancy/nursing

Poorly documented adverse reactions (eg, affects on menstrual cycle, reputed abortive

effects, uterine stimulant). Avoid use during pregnancy.

No clinical data are available on the use of chamomile during lactation.

Interactions

Possible interactions have been reported with warfarin or cyclosporine. Because

warfarin and cyclosporine have a narrow therapeutic index, patients taking either of

these medications in more than modest amounts should avoid using chamomile at the

same time.

No interactions caused by sedative effects or antispasmodic properties of chamomile

have been reported.

itch a!el


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#itc$ $a%el is a plant& "$e leaf' bar(' and t)is are used to ma(e medicine& You

may see a product called )itc$ $a%el )ater *+amamelis)ater' distilled )itc$

$a%el e,tract-& "$is is a li.uid t$at is distilled from dried leaves' bar(' and partially

dormant t)is of +amamelisviriniana&

#itc$ $a%el is ta(en by mout$for diarr$ea'

mucus colitis' vomitinblood' cou$in up blood' tuberculosis' colds'fevers'

tumors' and cancer&

Some people apply )itc$ $a%el directly to t$e s(infor itc$in' pain and s)ellin

*inflammation-' eyeinflammation' s(in in/ury' mucous membrane

inflammation'varicose veins' $emorr$oids' bruises'insect bites' minor burns' and

ot$er s(in irritations&

In manufacturin' )itc$ $a%el leaf e,tract' bar( e,tract' and )itc$ $a%el )ater are

used as astrinents to ti$ten t$e s(in& "$ey are also included in

some medicationsto ive t$ose products t$e ability to slo) do)n or stop

bleedin& "$ose medications are used for treatin insect bites'

stins' teet$in' $emorr$oids' itc$in' irritations' and minor pain& Possibly

Effectivefor:

emorrhoids. 'pplying witch ha!el water to the skin may help to temporarily

relie#e itching, discomfort, irritation, and burning from hemorrhoidsand other analdisorders.

2inor bleeding. 'pplying witch ha!el bark, leaf, or water to the skin reduces

minor bleeding.

Skin irritation. 'pplying witch ha!el cream seems to relie#e mild skin irritation,

but not as well as hydrocortisone. +ther research shows that applying a specificwitch ha!el ointment (ametum) to the skin appears to impro#e symptoms of skinin=ury or irritated skin as effecti#ely as a depanthenolointment in children.

Possibly Ineffecti#efor-

Itchy and inflamed skin (ec!ema). 'pplying a cream containing witch ha!el to

the skin for 65 days does not seem to impro#e itchy and inflamed skin in people withmoderate ec!ema. 'pplying hydrocortisone cream seems to be a more effecti#etreatment option.


iarrhea.

>omiting blood.

"oughingup blood.

Sae is an $erb& "$e leaf is used to ma(e medicine&Sage is used for digesti#e problems, including loss of appetite, gas (flatulence),stomach
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-87442-hamamelis+top.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-32648/witch+hazel+leaf+(hamamelis)+topical/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/anatomy-of-the-mouthhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-diarrheahttp://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/colitis-guide/ulcerative-colitis-overview-factshttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-nausea-vomitinghttp://www.webmd.com/heart/anatomy-picture-of-bloodhttp://www.webmd.com/lung/coughing-up-bloodhttp://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-tuberculosis-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/first-aid/fevers-causes-symptoms-treatmentshttp://www.webmd.com/first-aid/fevers-causes-symptoms-treatmentshttp://www.webmd.com/cancer/http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/picture-of-the-skinhttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/skin-conditions-pruritushttp://www.webmd.com/eye-health/picture-of-the-eyeshttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/bruises-articlehttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/bruises-articlehttp://www.webmd.com/first-aid/tc/insect-bites-and-stings-and-spider-bites-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/index-drugs.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/allergies/ss/slideshow-bad-bugshttp://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/tc/teething-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/understanding-hemorrhoids-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/allergies/rm-itch-quizhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/ss/slideshow-hemorrhoidshttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/rm-quiz-hemorrhoidshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-148380/anti-itch+(hydrocortisone)+topical/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-75143/dexpanthenol+topical/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-75143/dexpanthenol+topical/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/tc/gas-flatus-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/abdominal-pain-causes-treatmentshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-87442-hamamelis+top.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-32648/witch+hazel+leaf+(hamamelis)+topical/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/anatomy-of-the-mouthhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-diarrheahttp://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/colitis-guide/ulcerative-colitis-overview-factshttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-nausea-vomitinghttp://www.webmd.com/heart/anatomy-picture-of-bloodhttp://www.webmd.com/lung/coughing-up-bloodhttp://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-tuberculosis-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/first-aid/fevers-causes-symptoms-treatmentshttp://www.webmd.com/cancer/http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/picture-of-the-skinhttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/skin-conditions-pruritushttp://www.webmd.com/eye-health/picture-of-the-eyeshttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/bruises-articlehttp://www.webmd.com/first-aid/tc/insect-bites-and-stings-and-spider-bites-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/index-drugs.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/allergies/ss/slideshow-bad-bugshttp://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/tc/teething-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/understanding-hemorrhoids-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/allergies/rm-itch-quizhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/ss/slideshow-hemorrhoidshttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/rm-quiz-hemorrhoidshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-148380/anti-itch+(hydrocortisone)+topical/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-75143/dexpanthenol+topical/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-227-witch%20hazel.aspx?activeingredientid=227&activeingredientname=witch%20hazelhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/tc/gas-flatus-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/abdominal-pain-causes-treatments


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pain(gastritis),diarrhea, bloating, and heartburn. It is also used for reducingo#erproduction of perspiration and sali#a? and for depression, memory loss,and'l!heimer1sdisease.omen use sage for painful menstrual periods, to correct ecessi#e milk flow duringnursing, and to reduce hot flashesduring menopause.Sage is applied directly to the skinfor cold sores? gum disease(gingi#itis)? soremouth,throat or tongue? and swollen, painful nasal passages.Some people inhale sage for asthma.

In foods, sage is used as a commonly used spice.In manufacturing, sage is used as a fragrance component in soaps and cosmetics.


'l!heimer1s disease. Taking etracts of two different sage species (Sal#ia

officinalis and Sal#ia la#andulaefolia) for 5 months seems to impro#e learning,memory and information processing in people with mild to moderate'l!heimer1sdisease.

2ental performance. Taking a single dose of common sage (Sal#ia officinalis)

or Spanish sage (Sal#ia la#andulaefolia) by mouth seems to impro#e memory,alertness, and attention in healthy adults. hen used as aromatherapy, these sage

species seem to impro#e alertness, but not attention and memory.

"old sores, when applied as a cream containing sage and rhubarb. 'pplying a

cream containing common sage (Sal#ia officinalis) and rhubarb (@heum officinaleand @heum palmatum) to cold sores may be about as effecti#e as acyclo#ir (Ao#ira)cream. 'cyclo#ir cream heals the cold sores in about 9 days? it takes the sage andrhubarb cream about days to heal them. Sage and rhubarb together work fasterthan sage alone.

igh cholesterol. Taking common sage (Sal#ia officinalis) three times per day

for < months seems to reduce CbadD low$density lipoprotein (::) cholesterol andblood fats calledtriglycerides, and increase CgoodD high$density lipoprotein (:)

cholesterol, in people with high cholesterol. 2emory. Taking a single dose of common sage (Sal#ia officinalis) or Spanish

sage (Sal#ia la#andulaefolia) by mouth seems to impro#e memory in healthy adults.owe#er, these sage species do not seem to impro#e memory when used asaromatherapy.

2enopausal symptoms. %arly research suggests that taking etract of common

sage (Sage 2enopause, Bioforce ';) for 8 weeks impro#es symptoms ofmenopause, especially hot flashes. 'lso, other de#eloping research suggests thattaking a combination of common sage (Sal#ia officinalis) and alfalfa etract for Emonths reduces hot flashes and night sweats.


:ung cancer. People who regularly use sage as a spice seem to ha#e a 354

lower chance of de#eloping lung cancer compared to those who don/t use sage.

Sore throat. *sing a specific spray containing 634 common sage etract

(>al#erde Sal#ia @achenspray) seems to reduce throat pain in people with a sorethroat. owe#er, sprays containing higher (E74) and lower (34) amounts of commonsage etract do not seem to reduce throat pain. +ther early research suggests that
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2ilk Thistle-2ilk thistleis a plant. The abo#e ground parts and seeds are used to make medicine. The seeds are more commonlyused.

2ilk thistle is used most often forli#erdisorders, including li#erdamage caused by chemicals, 'manita phalloidesmushroom poisoning,=aundice, chronic inflammatory li#er disease,cirrhosisof the li#er, and chronichepatitis.0e#ertheless, researchers ha#e not yet concluded with certainty that milk thistle is effecti#e for any of these uses.

2ilk thistle is also used for loss of appetite, heartburn(dyspepsia), and gallbladdercomplaints.

Some people use milk thistle for diabetes, hango#er,diseases of thespleen, prostate cancer, malaria,depression,uterine complaints, increasingbreastmilk flow, allergy symptoms, and starting menstrual flow.

In foods, milk thistle lea#es and flowers are eaten as a #egetable for salads and a substitute for spinach. The seedsare roasted for use as a coffee substitute.

2ilk thistle gets its name from the milky sap that comes out of the lea#es when they are broken. The lea#es also ha#euni&ue white markings that, according to legend, were the >irgin 2ary/s milk. on/t confuse milk thistle with blessedthistle ("nicus benedictus).


Seasonal allergies(allergic rhinitis). Some research shows that people who take a milk thistle etract in

combination with a con#entional antihistamineha#e reduced symptoms compared to people who =ust usean antihistamine.

iabetes. Some research shows that taking silymarin, a chemical found in milk thistle, along with

con#entional treatment can decrease blood sugar, totalcholesterol,low$density lipoprotein (:: orCbadD) cholesterol,andtriglyceridesin people with diabetes.

eartburn (dyspepsia). hen used daily for 5 weeks, a specific combination product (Iberogast, 2edical

utures, Inc) that contains milk thistle plus peppermint leaf, ;erman chamomile, caraway, licorice, clown/smustard plant, celandine, angelica, and lemon balm seems to reduce the se#erity ofacid reflu,stomach pain,cramping, nausea, and #omiting.

2enopausal symptoms. @esearch in women suggests that taking a specific product containing milk

thistle, black cohosh,dong &uai, red clo#er, 'merican ginseng, and chasteberry (Phyto$emale) twice daily for Emonths reduces menopausal symptoms, including hot flashesandnight sweats.

Skin damage caused by radiation treatment. @esearch suggests that applying a specific product

(:e#iaderm) containing silymarin, a certain chemical found in milk thistle, to the skin reduces skin damage causedby radiation treatment in women with breast cancer.

2ost studies of milk thistle/s effecti#eness ha#e used a specific etract standardi!ed to 74 to 874

silymarin. In the *.S., this formulation is found in the brand name product Thisilyn (0ature/s ay).

Possibly Ineffectivefor:

+bsessi#e$compulsi#e disorder (+"). @esearch shows that taking milk thistle for 8 weeks does not

impro#e +" symptoms.

epatitis B. 2ost clinical e#idence suggests that milk thistle or specific chemicals from milk thistle do not

impro#e li#er function or reduce the risk of mortality in patients with hepatitis B.

epatitis ". 2ost clinical e#idence suggests that milk thistle or specific chemicals from milk thistle do not

impro#e li#er function or reduce the risk of mortality in patients with hepatitis ".


:i#er disease caused by ecessi#e use of alcohol. There is conflicting e#idence about the effecti#eness of

milk thistle for treating alcohol$related li#er disease. %arly research suggests that taking milk thistle by mouthmight impro#e li#er function and reduce risk of death. owe#er, other research suggests it may not ha#e aneffect.

'l!heimer/s disease. %arly research suggests that taking a combination supplement containing silymarin,

a chemical found in milk thistle, seems to impro#e mental function in people with 'l!heimer/s disease.

'manita mushroom poisoning. ;i#ing silibinin, a chemical found in milk thistle, intra#enously (by I>) may

lessen li#er damage caused by 'manita phalloides mushroom (death cap) poisoning. owe#er, it is hard to obtainsilibinin in the *.S.
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tihistamineshttp://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/blood-glucosehttp://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/cholesterol-assessment/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/lowering-triglyceride-levelshttp://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/video/overeating-acid-refluxhttp://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/abdominal-pain-causes-treatmentshttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-857-black+cohosh.aspx?activeingredientid=857&activeingredientname=black+cohoshhttp://www.webmd.com/menopause/guide/menopause-hot-flasheshttp://www.webmd.com/menopause/guide/8-causes-of-night-sweatshttp://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-138-milk%20thistle.aspx?activeingredientid=138&activeingredientname=milk%20thistlehttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-138-milk%20thistle.aspx?activeingredientid=138&activeingredientname=milk%20thistle


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Bloodroot is a plant. People use the underground stem (rhi!ome) to make medicine.

Bloodroot is used to cause #omiting, empty the bowels, and reduce toothpain. It is alsoused to treat croup, hoarseness (laryngitis), sore throat(pharyngitis), poor circulation inthe surface blood#essels, nasal polyps, achy =oints and muscles (rheumatism), warts,and fe#er.

Some people apply bloodroot directly to the skinaround wounds to remo#e dead tissue

and promote healing. uring the mid$6877s, bloodroot etracts were applied to the skinas part of the ell Techni&ue for treatment of breasttumors.

In dentistry, bloodroot is used on the teethto reduce the build$up of pla&ue. Pla&ue is afilm of sali#a, mucus, bacteria, and food particles that can promote gum disease.


ental pla&ue. Brushing teeth with a specific toothpastecontaining bloodroot

and !inc chloride(>iadent +riginal, >ipont Pharmaceuticals) or using a similartoothpaste containing bloodroot, !inc chloride, and fluoride (>iadent luoridetoothpaste, >ipont Pharmaceuticals) along with a using mouthrinse containing

bloodroot and !inc (>iadent +ral @inse, >ipont Pharmaceuticals) seems to reducedental pla&ue. 'lso, rinsing with bloodroot mouthwash after aprofessional toothcleaning seems to slow the regrowth of dental pla&ue. In addition,using a bloodroot toothpaste (>iadent toothpaste, >iadent Inc.) and rinsing withbloodroot mouthwash (>iadent +ral @inse, >iadent Inc.) seems to pre#ent pla&uede#elopment in teenagers wearing orthodontic de#ices.

Swelling of the gums (gingi#itis). 'lthough some conflicting results eist, most

research shows that brushing with a toothpaste containing bloodroot and !incchloride (>iadent +riginal, >ipont Pharmaceuticals) or using a similar toothpastecontaining bloodroot, !inc chloride, and fluoride (>iadent luoride toothpaste, >ipontPharmaceuticals) along with a mouthrinse containing bloodroot and !inc (>iadent

+ral @inse, >ipont Pharmaceuticals) reduces gingi#itis. 'lso, rinsing with bloodrootmouthwash (>iadent +ral @inse) after a professional tooth cleaning seems to slowthe de#elopment of gingi#itis.


' serious dental infection (periodontitis). %arly research shows that using

toothpaste and a mouthrinse containing bloodroot etract and !inc chloride for %0T colds. 'ny benefit is likely to be modest.

>aginal yeast infections. Taking echinacea and applying a medicated cream to

the skin seems to lower the recurrence rate of infection to about 694 compared to97.34 with econa!olealone.

What is Ginseng?

In the eastern and central US and Canada, American ginseng is found in rich, cool

woods; a large crop is grown commercially in Wisconsin. Asian ginseng is cultivated in

Korea and China. The short plant grows 3 to 7 compound leaves that drop in the fall and

bears a cluster of red or yellowish colored fruits from June to July. The shape of the root

varies among species and has been used to distinguish types of ginseng. The root

contains the highest amount of active ginsenosides. Ginsenoside content varies with the

age of the root, season of harvest, and preservation method. While at least 4ginsenosides are detectable in most young roots, the content more than doubles after 6

years of growth. High-quality ginseng generally is collected in the fall after 5 to 6 years

of growth

Ginseng is perhaps the most widely recognized plant used in traditional medicine and

now plays a major role in herbal health care. For more than 2,000 years, various forms

have been used in medicine. The namePanaxderives from the Greek word for all

healing. Ginseng root's man-shaped figure (shen-seng means man-root) led

proponents of the doctrine of signatures, an ancient philosophy, to believe that the rootcould strengthen any part of the body. Through the ages, the root has been used in the

treatment of loss of strength, hardened arteries, blood and bleeding disorders, and

colitis, and to relieve the symptoms of aging, cancer, and senility.

General uses

Ginseng is widely used for its antistress, anticancer, immune system modulation,

cardiovascular, CNS, and hormonal effects, and for improvement of athletic

performance, but these uses have not been confirmed by clinical trials.

What is the recommended dosage?

According to the Complete German Commission E Monographs, crude preparations of

dried root powder 1 to 2 g can be taken daily for up to 3 months. In numerous clinical
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12/14

trials, the dosage of crude root has ranged from 0.5 to 3 g/day and the dose of extracts

has generally ranged from 100 to 400 mg.

Limited evidence exists for any established interactions, with most data derived from

laboratory studies and healthy volunteers. Very few case reports exist; however, use

ginseng cautiously with the following medicines: antidiabetic drugs/insulin, antipsychotic

drugs, caffeine and other stimulants, furosemide, imatinib, monoamine oxidaseinhibitors, and nifedipine. Reports of interactions with warfarin and antiviral drugs are

conflicting. It is estimated that more than 6 million people ingest ginseng regularly in the

United States. There have been few reports of severe reactions and a very low

incidence of adverse events has been reported in clinical trials. Allergic reactions have

been reported. Inappropriate use ofP. ginsengor ginseng abuse syndrome includes

0o$andas 1aramc$and 2and$i(G ndi,; Hn$G;< ? d@ >kKrKmt Kn a n iJ; d@ ;< > d@ ( listen)? < +ctober 689L M E7 Nanuary 6L58) was the

preeminent leader of the Indian independence mo#ementin British$ruled India.

%mploying non#iolentci#il disobedience, ;andhi led India to independence and inspired

mo#ements for ci#il rights and freedom across the world.

The honorific0a$atma(Sanskrit- Ohigh$souledO, O#enerableO)EJapplied to him first in

6L65 in South 'frica,5Jis now used worldwide. e is also called Bapu(;u=arati-

endearment for OfatherO,3JOpapaO3J9J) in India.

Born and raised in a indu merchant castefamily in coastal;u=arat, western India, and

trained in law at the Inner Temple, :ondon, ;andhi first employed non#iolent ci#il

disobedience as an epatriate lawyer in South 'frica, in the resident Indian community1s

struggle for ci#il rights. 'fter his return to India in 6L63, he set about organising

peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against ecessi#e land$ta and

discrimination. 'ssuming leadership of the Indian 0ational "ongressin 6L


13/14

on a charkha. e ate simple #egetarian food, and also undertook long fastsas a means

of both self$purification and social protest.

;andhi1s #ision of an independent India based on religious pluralism, howe#er, was

challenged in the early 6L57s by a new 2uslim nationalism which was demanding a

separate 2uslim homeland car#ed out of India.J%#entually, in 'ugust 6L5, Britain

granted independence, but the British Indian %mpireJwas partitionedinto

two dominions, a indu$ma=ority Indiaand 2uslim Pakistan.8J's many displaced

indus, 2uslims, and Sikhsmade their way to their new lands, religious #iolence broke

out, especially in the Pun=aband Bengal.%schewing the official celebration of

independencein elhi, ;andhi #isited the affected areas, attempting to pro#ide solace.

In the months following, he undertook se#eral fasts unto deathto promote religious

harmony. The last of these, undertaken on 6< Nanuary 6L58 at age 8, LJalso had the

indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan. LJSome

Indians thought ;andhi was too accommodating.LJ67J0athuram ;odse, a indu

nationalist, assassinated ;andhion E7 Nanuary 6L58 by firing three bullets into his

chest at point$blank range.67J

Indians widely describe ;andhi as the father of the nation(indi-).66J6


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The ;andhi family originated from the #illage of Qutiana in what was then Nunagadh

State.6JIn the late 6th or early 68th century, one :al=i ;andhi mo#ed to Porbandar and

entered the ser#ice of its ruler, the @ana. Successi#e generations of the family ser#ed

as ci#il ser#ants in the state administration before *ttamchand, 2ohandas1s

grandfather, became diwanin the early 6Lth century under the then @ana of Porbandar,

Qhimo=ira=i.6J68JIn 68E6, @ana Qhimo=ira=i died suddenly and was succeeded by his 6ikmat=i.68J's a result, @ana Qhimo=ira==i1s widow, @ani @upaliba,

became regent for her son. She soon fell out with *ttamchand and forced him to return

to his ancestral #illage in Nunagadh. hile in Nunagadh, *ttamchand appeared before

its 0awab and saluted him with his left hand instead of his right, replying that his right

hand was pledged to Porbandar1s ser#ice. 6JIn 6856, >ikmat=i assumed the throne and

reinstated *ttamchand as his diwan.

In 685, @ana >ikmat=i appointed *ttamchand1s son, Qaramchand, as diwanafter

disagreeing with *ttamchand o#er the state1s maintenance of a British garrison.6J'lthough he only had an elementary education and had pre#iously been a clerk in the

state administration, Qaramchand pro#ed a capable chief minister.6LJuring his tenure,

Qaramchand married four times. is first two wi#es died young, after each had gi#en

birth to a daughter, and his third marriage was childless. In 683, Qaramchand sought

his third wife1s permission to remarry? that year, he married Putlibai
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junagadh_Statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junagadh_Statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junagadh_Statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Gandhi_before_India-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Gandhi_before_India-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Buyers-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Buyers-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Gandhi_before_India-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Gandhi_before_India-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junagadh_Statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junagadh_Statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Gandhi_before_India-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Gandhi_before_India-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Buyers-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Buyers-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Gandhi_before_India-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-Gandhi_before_India-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#cite_note-19

plants and there uses

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