plants monocots vs dicots. seed monocots have one thin leaf inside the seed coat and it does not...
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PlantsMonocots vs Dicots
SeedMonocots have one thin leaf inside the seed coat and it DOES NOT encompass the endosperm
Dicots have TWO seed leaves that surround the endosperm and the seeds are usually round and flat
Germination Germination produces a
single, long and narrow leaf in monocots. It is similar to the shape of the adult leaf. Some may be small and rounded, but there will still only be one
Dicots produce two fat seed leaves - fatter than the adult leaves because they contain the nutrition for the new plant
Stems and Roots Short and stringy roots
with Bulbs (formations from the stem) are present. The stems are fleshy and they do NOT get thicker from one year to the next. Vascular bundles are spread randomly in the stem
The root is often a long taproot with smaller (new) roots growing out of it. The stem is tough and grows wider with successive years and the vascular bundles are in a ring
Leaves Monocots have long and
narrow leaves with parallel veins that run up and down the leaf, or they are parallel from the central vein
Dicots have a variety of leaf shape and veination net-like from the central midrib
Flowers the organs, (parts) of the
flower are in threes. There are usually the same number of stamens as petals
The flowers have parts that are in fours or fives and the calyx is usually green
Seedpods The seedpods of
monocots have three parts and there are large fleshy seeds inside.
Seedpods are variable in dicots with a greater number of seeds present than in a monocot
Stem Tissues
Tissues Vascular - tissues which are conducting, allowing the
flow of fluids and nutrients Types are Xylem (water, minerals) and Phloem
(sugars) - they are arranged in bundles with Cambium in between which will produce new cells of both allowing for the plant to thicken. They transport the fluids and nutrients from the root to the leaf
Meristem is undifferentiated cells which give rise to various organs - vascular tissue, flowers, leaves. They are filled with cytoplasm and few organelles
In woody plants the vascular bundles are protected by cork cambium between the phloem - the outer cortex breaks through the epidermis - bark!
Leaf Tissue
Leaf Tissues and functions the photosynthetic organs the upper epidermis is a protective single layer of
cells covered in a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss from the upper surface that is exposed to sunlight and heat
The mesophyll is in the mid-section and consists of two types of tissue - Pallisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma
Pallisade tightly packed columnar cells with lots of chloroplasts and is the main photosynthetic tissue
spongy parenchyma are irregularly shaped and allow the gases to circulate as they enter from the stomata and guard cells on the underside of the leaf
Water and minerals are drawn up from the roots through the xylem (dead structure) - vascular tissues, and transpiration occurs through the leaf to the atmosphere while phloem (living cells) transports the sugars back down to all parts of the plant
Modifications Bulbs - modified leaf bases food storage scaly leaf bases that encircle the
storage center of the bulb modified stem found at the base of the
root from which the roots grow new stems and leaves arise from the
upper side of the base
Stem tubers - modified stems that have food (nutrients) storage in large swollen structures on the stem extensions in the ground
Allows for survival of harsh conditions - winter Used for asexual reproduction as new plants grow
from these stem tubers
Storage roots like carrots, are modified roots that store food and allow the plant to survive adverse conditions
Tendrils are modified leaves that are very thin and they extend out and wrap around a solid structure allowing the plants to grow upwards. Grape vines, peas and my favorite flower the sweet pea all have tendrils
Meristem
Meristem - Totipotent cells These cells have not yet differentiated
into specific functions and are found in several places in the plant
They allow for the continuous growth of plants and the formation of new organs like roots, branches and leaves
Apical Meristems found at the tips of roots
and shoots to allow growth of roots in length and stems taller and form leaves and flowers
Important to increase anchorage of the plant and get nutrients plus increase photosynthesis - closer to the sun and more leaves
apical meristems increase is called primary growth
Lateral Meristems this is called secondary
growth it results in the
thickening of the plant, increasing its diameter
it results from cell division in the lateral meristems
also produces extra xylem and phloem
gives the plant stability so it can grow taller
Homework http://www.phschool.com/science/biolog
y_place/biocoach/plants/intro.html
Complete the activities up and including #6. Print or save your answers to the quiz
Tropisms