plastic surgery
TRANSCRIPT
Plastic Surgery
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PLASTIC SURGERY
Presented by
Fiza Nadeem
Plastic Surgery
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SCOPE
• What is Plastic Surgery?• Origin• Islamic Perspective• Evolution in Pakistan• Comparison with Advanced Countries• Pros and Cons• Analysis
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INTRODUCTION
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Plastic Surgery
• Derived from Greek word
• Art of Modeling
• Medical specialty
• Correction and restoration of form and function
• Physical deformities and skin burns
• Improve physical features
PLASTIC SURGERY
PLASTIKOS To Form or to Mold
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• Broad classification:
PLASTIC SURGERYcont’d
PLASTIC SURGERYCosmetic
Enhancements
Reconstructive
Operations
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– Medical Aesthetics
– Enhancement of appearance
– Maintaining normal appearance
Cosmetic Plastic Surgery
Plastic Surgery
PLASTIC SURGERYcont’d
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TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERY
Tummy tuck (Abdominoplasty)
Eyelid surgery (Blepharoplasty)
Chemical peel
Nose job (Rhinoplasty)
Ear surgery (Otoplasty)
Face Lift/Brow Lift/Chin Lift
Liposuction (Suction-assisted lipectomy)
Hair TransplantationPlastic Surgery
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Tummy tuck (Abdominoplasty)
• Abdomen is reshaped and firmed
• Removal of excess skin and fat
• Abdomen is reshaped and firmed
TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d
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Plastic Surgery
Eyelid surgery (Blepharoplasty)
• Eyelids are reshaped
• A permanent eyeliner is applied
• The aim is to reshape the upper or lower eyelid by
removing or repositioning excess tissue
TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d
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Before & After Eyelid Surgery
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Chemical Peel• Popular among people with acne, scars and wrinkles• Involves
• Types
TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d
Light/Medium Peel
Deep Peel
Phenol (Carbolic acid) TCA (Trichloroacetic acid)
AHA (Glycolic acid) BHA (Salicylic acid)
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Before & After Wrinkles Before & After Pores
Before & After Acne Scars
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Nose job (Rhinoplasty)
• Nose is reshaped
• Done by otolaryngologist• Aim is to improve the appearance of the nose, and
sometimes its function as well if the patient has breathing problems
• Carried out in conjunction with facelift
TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d
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Ear surgery (Otoplasty)
• Involves pining the ear closer to the head • May involve reducing the size of very large ears, or
reshaping various bends in the cartilage
• Can be performed on children
• Has the youngest age of patients
TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d
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Before & After Ear Surgery
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Facelift (Rhytidectomy)
• To remove wrinkles surgically • The aim is to make the patient's face
look younger
• Done in many ways
TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d
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Before & After Facelift
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Liposuction• Also known as fat modeling, lipo sculpture suction,
lipectomy or lipo • Fat removed from various parts of the body• Not a weight loss method• Most that can be taken out at one time is 5kg• Procedure• Complications may occur
TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d
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Before & After Liposuction
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• To correct functional impairments caused by:• Burns• Traumatic Injuries (Facial bone fractures & breaks)• Congenital Abnormalities• Infection• Cancer• Tumors
• Most common reconstructive procedures• Microsurgery to transfer tissue
PLASTIC SURGERYcont’d
Reconstructive Plastic Surgery
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Tumor Removal
• Procedure to remove an abnormal growth
• Can either be a benign or a malignant tumor
• Benign tumors are easy to remove completely
• Malignant tumor pose most difficult problems
• May result in death if not successfully treated
TYPES OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY cont’d
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Laceration Repair
• Wound caused by sharp object
• Mends a tear in the skin or other tissue
• Goals
TYPES OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY cont’d
Stop Bleeding Prevent Infection
Preserve Function Restore Appearance
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Scar Revision • Improve or reduce the appearance of scars• Restores function, and corrects skin changes caused
by an injury, wound, or previous surgery
• Ways to improve appearance
TYPES OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY cont’d
Complete Removal
Skin Grafting
Dermabrasion
Skin Flap Surgery
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Cleft Lip or Palate
• Fissure or opening or a gap • Caused by abnormal facial development during
gestation
• Can be successfully treated with surgery
TYPES OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY cont’d
Cleft Lip & PalatePlastic Surgery
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Cleft Lip Scar Revision
Tumor Removal Laceration Repair
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TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES
Endoscopic surgery
Skin Grafts
Flap surgery
Laser technology
Tissue Expansion
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ORIGIN
• As far as 2000 B.C.
• Egyptian nose reconstruction
• Indian doctor Acharya Sushrut
• Romans
• Cornelius Celsus “De Medicina”
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ORIGINcont’d
• End of third century A.D.
• Middle ages and Renaissance
• Late 1500s- a breakthrough
• Italian Gasparo Tagliacozzi
• Struggle without progress
• First text of cosmetic surgery
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• Outbreak of world war I
• Soldiers with extensive trauma wounds
• An independent medical service
• ASPRS created in 1931
• A new age of enlightenment
ORIGINcont’d
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• Past 100 years
• ASPRS changed to ABPS
• Lawful recognition
• Mid 2000s
• Growing multi-billion
industry
• Liposuction – most
common surgery
ORIGINcont’d
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Plastic Surgery
Plastic Surgery
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
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PLASTIC SURGERY IN THE LIGHT OF VARIOUS RELIGIONS
• Muslim: It is understood that surgery isn’t allowed, on the basis that it permanently changes the body God created and gave as a “trust.”
• Catholic: doesn’t directly address the subject. If the procedure is not for something considered immoral by the Church (such as gender-reassignment surgery), then “elective plastic surgery is left to the prudent choice of those involved”
• Buddhist: see plastic surgery as an “offense”Plastic Surgery
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• Maslah or Manfa’h
• Benefit or Utility
• Seeking of benefit and preventing of harm
• In Arabic, we say
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVEcont’d
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“And spend of your substance in the cause of Allah, and make not your own hands contribute to (your) destruction; but do good; for Allah loves those who do good.” (2:195)
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVEcont’d
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ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVEcont’d
PLASTIC SURGERY (Types)
For Treating Deformity
Aimed at Beautification
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Allah Almighty mentions in Surah al-Nisa the words of Shaytan, when he said :
“I will mislead them and I will order them to slit the ears of cattle, and to deface the (fair) natural creation of Allah.”
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVEcont’d
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“Allah has cursed women who tattoo or have themselves tattooed, who pluck eyebrows or have them plucked, and women who separate their front teeth for beauty, altering what Allah has created.”
(Al-Bukhari)
“The woman who supplies false hair and the one who asks for it, the woman who pluck eyebrows or have them plucked, the woman who tattoos and the one who has it done where there is no disease to justify it have been cursed.”
(Abu Dawud)
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ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVEcont’d
Cosmetic and plastic surgery for the purpose of beautifying and adornment is impermissible. However, if there is a
genuine need due to something being abnormal or deformed, then there is a dispensation of permissibility
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EVOLUTION IN PAKISTAN
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Plastic Surgery
EVOLUTION IN PAKISTAN
• Plastic surgery procedures - foreign word for many Pakistanis just 10 to 15 years ago
• Hair transplantation clinics have sprouted up like mushrooms
• Not as popular as in other countries
• Field of plastic surgery is in its infancy in Pakistan
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• Specialty unit in teaching started at Dow Medical College & Civil Hospital, Karachi by Prof. K.M. Durrani in 1965
• In 1976 Prof. Faiz Mohammad Khan Started Unit at JPMC
• In mid eighties Prof. Shaista joined the dept. and at same time plastic surgery unit were established at King Edward, Lahore and PIMS, Islamabad
EVOLUTION IN PAKISTANcont’d
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EVOLUTION IN PAKISTANcont’d
• In early nineties Units were established in teaching institutes at Hyderabad, Faisalabad , Multan, Peshawar and Quetta
• The Pakistan Association of Plastic Surgeons was established in 1993
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MAIN OBJECTIVE OF PAPS
To promote and advance medical and surgical training and research pertaining to Plastic Surgery. To disseminate information regarding clinical and scientific progress in Plastic Surgery
To promote the art and science of Plastic Surgery and to communicate to the members and the general public, the advancements and improvements made in the field of Plastic Surgery To promote the highest standards of professional skill and competence among Plastic Surgeons
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• Most common surgery procedures in Pakistan include
EVOLUTION IN PAKISTANcont’d
Nose Reshaping
Liposuction
Tummy Tuck
Face Uplift
Burns/ Wounds Surgery
Skin Grafts
Hair TransplantationPlastic Surgery
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ADVANCES IN PLASTIC SURGERY
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ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES
• Rapid progress with development of new techniques• Better understanding of anatomy of blood supply and
muscle
• Advancement in burn treatment
• Development of microsurgery
• Craniofacial surgery
• Cleft lip and palate treatment
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Fractional Laser Resurfacing• Prolonged skin healing, skin redness, and risks of
classic laser resurfacing minimized• Has spread to lasers which also treat wrinkles• Can be completed with topical anesthesia alone
“There has been a long search for a technology which produces the same results for wrinkle improvement as the carbon dioxide laser without the complications or long recovery. The fractional technology applied to carbon dioxide lasers is the answer to that search,” Dr. Matthew Kienstra.
ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d
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Combination Liposuction Technologies• Combination of laser and ultrasound technology with
old liposuction techniques provides some new possibilities for decreased recovery
• Though the scientific evidence is still mixed, continued development means this is a very promising innovation
“There is a lot of art involved with the application of the technology and it appears to be the first technology which will allow true sculpting of the body,”
Dr. Ed Khoury
ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d
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Pain Pumps For Cosmetic Surgery• Patient controlled analgesia• Introduction of devices to provide pain relief right to
the site of pain
“Pain pumps have greatly decreased hospital stays and decreased recovery times for both our cosmetic and reconstructive surgery patients.”
Dr Sorokin
ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d
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Increasing Variety of Dermal Fillers• Around since the 1980s but early fillers didn’t last
long • Increase in longevity of the results
• Over 1.5 million dermal fillers injections in 2008, up from just half a million in 2000
“Dermal fillers and botulinum toxin products enable patients to undergo chemical browlifts and liquid facelifts, frequently delaying or obviating the need for surgery.”
Dr. Ronald Friedman
ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d
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Hair Cloning Research• Not a commercially available procedure • Technology has come a long way in the last ten years
ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d
“Once the technology becomes commercially available, surgeons will no longer be limited by a finite donor site. The dream of a full head of hair will become a reality,”
Dr. Verret
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Laser Vein Therapy• Days of pain recovery to get rid of pesky leg veins
long gone• Laser technology has allowed many patients to
undergo very successful leg vein removal
Stem Cell Harvesting from Fat acquired during Liposuction
• Extraction of stem cells from the fat removed during liposuction
• Hold promise for future scientific research
ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d
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Plastic Surgery
PROS AND CONS
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PROS AND CONS
• PROS
Physical benefits
Higher self esteem
Greater self confidence
Social confidence
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PROS OF PLASTIC SURGERY
Physical Benefits
• Extremely helpful for those with physical deformity
• Improves health
• Examples
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PROS OF PLASTIC SURGERYcont’d
Higher Self Esteem
• Gives patients higher self-esteem
• Greater confidence
• Positive effect on behavior
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• Reshapes natural contours• Removes fat which cant be done through diet• Dramatic results• Successful in life and more opportunities• Accepted by society• Feel comfortable in company• Positive effect of person’s psychological health
PROS OF PLASTIC SURGERYcont’d
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Cons– Causes undue stress on the body– Swelling or bruising– Risk of infection, blood clotting etc– No guarantee of results– Invasive and painful– Long recovery– Cannot fix your inside
CONS OF PLASTIC SURGERY
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CONCLUSION
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Plastic Surgery
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Plastic Surgery
Plastic Surgery by Natasha Skvorc and Rudolf Gregurek Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Associate Prof.
Vichai Chichareon Advances in Plastic Surgery by Harold D. Mcdonald Top Ten Plastic Surgery Advances by Dr. D.J. Verret www.wikipedia.com www.google.com www.slideshare.com www.powershow.com www.paps.com.pk
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