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PLASTIC vs. STEEL

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Richard G. Kraft VP Sales Marketing Endot Industries, Inc. Past Chair Energy Piping System Division of Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI) Past Chair of Conduit Division of PPI 26 Years with Endot

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Endot Industries, Inc. Producers of Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe, Water Pipe & Telecom Conduit

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Endot Industries, Inc. 40 years producing HDPE pipe and tubing Headquarters in Rockaway, NJ 3 Operating Plants, NJ, TN & OK

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Endot Industries, Inc. 24 Extruders in 3 Locations NJ TN OK through 12 Producing Gas Pipe & Tubing Water Pipe Geothermal Loops Fiber Optic Conduit Electrical Conduit

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APPROVED or PRODUCING PIPE FOR: PSE&G UGI NEW JERSEY NATURAL GAS YANKEE GAS WASHINGTON GAS DOMINION GAS NATIONAL GRID CON EDISON (NYC)

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PLASTIC POLYETHYLENE vs. STEEL

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Polyethylene was first synthesized accidentally in Germany 1898 The first practical industrial synthesis was discovered in England in 1933 In 1939 this process was developed into a reproducible basis for industrial production

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POLYETHYLENE (PE) is a Thermoplastic consisting of long hydrocarbon chains PE is very similar to candle wax and a simple resin consisting of Carbon and Hydrogen PE has excellent chemical resistance even to low levels of oxidizers such as chlorine

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CAST IRON Installed beginning in the 1830s. Cast iron pipe is well past its prime and should be replaced CAST IRON Short pieces of pipe multiple joints now leaking aging out and getting brittle BARE STEEL corrosion issues with bare steel are cause for concern with increasing potential for leaks, this pipe too should be replaced

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Cast-iron and bare steel piping are made out of metal and susceptible to corrosion and rust. This aging infrastructure is causing undetected cracks and holes from which gas can leak. 85,000 miles of aging cast-iron and bare-steel gas pipes still operating in U.S. communities Most of the cast iron mains are in the Northeast. EARLY GAS PIPE SOLUTIONS

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POLYETHYLENE THE SOLUTION In the late 1960s the DuPont Company invented Aldyl pipe material according to Jana Labs - Aldyl was a brilliant invention to fix a problem afflicting the gas distribution industry. That problem was metal pipe corrosion, and Aldyl, being a Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE), eliminated the corrosion problem.

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POLYETHYLENE THE SOLUTION Polyethylene has a benefit that only plastics can provide A Joint Free system using Fusion Fusion joins PE pipe at the molecular level creating one continuous pipe without joints. Joint Free Is LEAK FREE no methane escapes addresses State and Federal efforts to mitigate fugitive methane

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POLYETHYLENE THE SOLUTION Aldyl resin was produced from 1965 into the 1980s Aldyl had issues as well unlike todays PE resins, Aldyl had limited stress crack resistance. Older version of Aldyl were less resistant than newer versions. The higher the stress crack resistance the longer PE pipe will last

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POLYETHYLENE THE SOLUTION MDPE resins produced from the 1980s onward had significantly improved stress crack resistance MDPE became the resin of choice for gas distribution piping systems recognized by its Yellow color Gas Distribution Piping in the USA is 95%+ PE gas pipe today

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POLYETHYLENE THE SOLUTION In the 1990s a new method of producing PE became popular BI-MODAL polyethylene Bimodal PE provides multiple benefits over earlier PE resins

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POLYETHYLENE THE SOLUTION Bimodal PE has a life of over 100 years Bimodal PE has stress crack resistance in excess of 10,000 hours in laboratory testing Bimodal resin reduces RCP potential significantly

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POLYETHYLENE THE SOLUTION Bimodal PE is mostly produced as High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) commonly called PE4710 Bimodal HDPE as gas pipe is black with yellow stripes Bimodal HDPE is rapidly replacing MDPE as the resin of choice for gas distribution

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POLYETHYLENE THE SOLUTION PE currently is limited to 125 maximum pressure PHMSA may soon recognize the properties of Bimodal PE4710 resin and that pressure limit could be raised Even if the limit is not raised PE4710 resin will allow thinner walled pipe for higher flow rates and lower cost

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POLYAMIDES PA-11 & PA-12 ANOTHER SOLUTION Polyamides can handle pressure up to 200 psi Polyamides can be fused providing a joint free, leak free piping system

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Endot Industries, Inc. 60 Green Pond Road Rockaway, NJ 07866 800-44 ENDOT (800-443-6368) Rockaway, NJ - Greeneville, TN - Pryor Creek, OK