plastics determination of tensileimg44.chem17.com/5/20120802/634795214496580000.pdf · greece,...

STD.BSI B S EN IS0 S S 7 - V - E N G L 1777 L b 2 4 b b î I lbZbbLi I 35T

BS EN IS0

BS 2782 : Part 3 : Method 326F : 1997

527-4 : 1997 BRITISH STANDARD

Plastics - Determination of tensile properties

Part 4. Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites

The European Standard EN IS0 527-4 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard

ICs 83.120

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW _.

Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CEN

Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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BS EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN IS0 5274 : 1997. It is identical with IS0 5274 : 1997.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/42, Fibre reinforced thermosetting plastics and prepregs, which has the responsibility to:

- aid enquirers to undersiand the text;

- present to the responsible internaonavEuropean committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;

- monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this codt tÆe can be obtained on request to its secretary.

Cross-references

Attention is drawn to the fact that annex ZA lists nonnative references to i n t e d o n a l publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ‘International Standards Correspondence Index’, or using the ‘Find’ facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

This itish Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for MaWrials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 16 July 1997

O BSI 1997

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside nont cover, the EN IS0 title page, the EN IS0 foreword page, the IS0 titde page, page ii, pages 1 to 11, the annex ZA page, an inside back cover and a back cover.

Amendments issued since publication

I Date I Text Amd No.

ISBN O 680 27558 2



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S T D - B S I BS E N IS0 527-4-ENGL 1 7 7 7 H Lb2i-lbb7 Ob2bbô3 1 2 2

EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EN IS0 527-4

Apri l 1997

ICs 83.120

Descriptors: sea IS0 document

English version

Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic

fibre-reinforced plastic composites (IS0 527-4: 1997)

Plastiques - Determination des p rop r ié tés en t rac t i on - P a r t i e 4 : Conditions d'essai mur -

= les composites plast iques renforcés de f i b r e s isotropes e t orthotropes (IS0 527-C:1997) - - -

Kunststoffe - B e s t i m g der Zugeigenschaften - T e i l 4 : Prufbedingungen f u r isotrop und a n i s o t r o p f a s e r v e r s t a r k t e Kunststoffverbunduerkstoffe (IS0 527-4 :1997)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-03-28. CEN members are bound t o canply w i th the CENKENELEC In ternal Regulations which s t i pu la te the condi t ions f o r g i v ing t h i s European Standard the status o f a nat ional standard u i thout any a l terat ion.

Up-to-date l i s t s and b ib l iographica l references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application t o the Central Secretariat o r t o any CEN member.

l h e European Standards e x i s t i n three o f f i c i a l versions (English, French, German). A vers ion i n any other language made by t rans la t i on under the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f a CEN member i n t o i t s oun language end n o t i f i e d t o the Central Secretariat has the same status as the o f f i c i a l versions.

CEN menbets are the nat ional standards bodies of Austr ia, Belgiun, Czech Republic, Dennerk, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, I t a l y , Luxembourg, Netherlands, Noruay, Portugal, Spain, Surden, Suitzerland and United K i ngdom .

CEN

European Comnittee f o r Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Nornung

Cmtrsl Secretariat: rue de Stassart.36 8-1050 Brussels

0 1997 CEN - A l l r i g h t s of e x p l o i t a t i o n in any form and by any means reserved worldwide f o r CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN IS0 527-6:1997 E



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EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

Foreword

The text of the International Standard IS0 527-4: 1 997 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CENTTC 249 "Plastics", the secretariat of which is held by IBN.

IS0 527 contains the following parts with the general title: "Plastics - Determination of tensile properties".

Part 1 : General principles Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastic composites

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, a t the latest by October 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 1997.

According t o the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of the International Standard IS0 527-4:1997 was approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification.

NOTE: Normative references to International Standards are listed in annex ZA (normative).



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STD.BSI B S E N IS0 527-4-ENGL 1 7 9 7 Lb24bb7 Ub2bbLi5 T T 5

EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

IS0 527-4

First edition 1 997-04- 1 5

Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites

Plastiques - Déteminafion des propriétés en traction - Pattie 4: Conditions d'essai pour les composites Plastiques renfotcés de fibres isotropes et orthotropes

* * rn

Reference number IS0 527-411 997( E)



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STD-BSI B S EN IS0 527-4-ENGL 1997 m Lb24bb7 Ob2bbôb 931 m

EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

Foreword

IS0 (the Intemational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the Intemational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Intemational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Intemational Standard IS0 527-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 , Plastics, Subcommittee SC 2, Mechanical properties.

Together with part 5, this part of IS0 527 cancels and replaces the first edition of IS0 3268 (IS0 3268:1978) which has been technically revised.

IS0 527 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics - Determination of tensile properties:

- Part 1: General principles - -

Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics

Part 3: Test conditions for sheet and film

- Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites

- Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastic composites

Annex A forms an integral part of this part of ISO527. Annex B is for information only.

Descriptors: plasíics, reinforced plastics, tests, tension tests, determination, tensile properties, testing conditions, test specimens.

¡i Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CEN


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STD.BS1 BS EN IS0 527-4-ENGL 1 7 7 7 a L b 2 4 b b ï Ob2bb87 878 a

EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites

1 scope 1 .I This part of IS0 527 specifies the test conditions for the determination of the tensile properties of isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites, based upon the general principles given in part 1.

Unidirectionally reinforced materials are covered by part 5.

- 1.2 See IS0 527-1 , subclause 1.2. - - - e 1.3 The test method is suitable for use with the following materials: - - -

* * TB

- fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating non-unidirectional reinforcements such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combinations of such reinforcements, hybrids, rovings, short or milled fibres or preimpregnated materials (prepregs) (for directly injection-moulded specimens, see specimen 1A in IS0 527-2:1993);

- combinations of the above with unidirectional reinforcements and multidirectional reinforced materials constructed from unidirectional layers, provided such laminates are symmetrical (for materials with completely, or mainly, unidirectional reinforcements, see IS0 527-5);

- finished products made from these materials.

The reinforcement fibres covered include glass fibres, carbon fibres, aramid fibres and other similar fibres.

1.4 The method is performed using specimens machined from a test panel made in accordance with IS0 1268 or by equivalent methods, or from finished and semi-finished products with suitable flat areas.

1.5 See IS0 527-1, subclause 1.5.

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this pari of IS0 527, At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this pari of IS0 527 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

IS0 527-1 :1993, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 1: General principies.

1 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CEN


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STD.BS1 B S E N IS0 527-Y-ENGL 1777 W L b 2 4 b b î Ob2bböö 704 = EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

IS0 527-2:1993, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics.

IS0 527-5:1997, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fibre- reinforced plastic composites.

IS0 1268:1974, Plastics - Preparation of glass fibre reinforced, resin bonded, low-pressure laminated plates or panels for test puposeS.

IS0 281 8:1994, Plastics - Preparation of test specimens by machining.

IS0 3534-1 :1993, Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 1: Probability and general Statistical terms.

3 Principie

See IS0 527-1, clause 3.

4 Definitions For the purposes of this part of IS0 527, the following definitions apply.

4.1 gauge length: See IS0 527-1 , subclause 4.1.

4.2 speed of testing: See IS0 527-1, subclause 4.2.

4.3 tensile stress, o (engineering): See IS0 527-1, subclause 4.3, except that o for "1"-direction specimens is defined as o1 and for "2"-direction specimens as 02 (see 4.8 for definitions of these directions).

4.3.1 tensile strength, m: See IS0 527-1, subclause 4.3.3, except that % for "1 "-direction specimens is defined as mi and for "2"direction specimens as w.

4.4 tensile strain, E: See IS0 527-1, subclause 4.4, except that E for "1"-direction specimens is defined as EI and for "2"diWion specimens as 9.

It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio or in percent.

4.5 tensile strain at tensile strength; tensile failure strain, q: The tensile strain at the point corresponding to the tensile strength of the specimen.

For "1"direction specimens, Q is defined as a1 and for T-direction specimens as ~ 2 .

It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio or in percent.

4.6 modulus of elasticity in tension; Young's modulus, E: See IS0 527-1, subclause 4.6, except that E for "l''-direction specimens is defined as El and for "2"-direction specimens as E2.

The strain values used are as given in IS0 527-1, subclause 4.6, ¡.e. E' = 0,000 5 and E" = 0,002 5 (see figure l ) , unless altemative values are given in the material or technical specifications.

4.7 Poisson's ratio, p: See IS0 527-1, subclause 4.7, except that for 'l''-direction specimens pb is defined as p12 and ph as p13, using the coordinates shown in figure 2. For Tdirection specimens, pb is defined as p21 and p,, as P23.



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* * m

EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

4.8 specimen coordinate axes: The "l''-direction is normally defined in terms of a feature associated with the material structure or the production process, such as the length direction in continuous-sheet processes (see figure 2). The "2"-direction is perpendicular to the "1 "-direction.

NOTES

1 The "1"-direction is also referred to as the O" or longitudinal direction and the "2"-direction as the 90" or transverse direction-

2 For unidirectional materials covered by part 5 of this International Standard, the direction parallel to the fibres is defined as the 'l''-direction and the direction perpendicular to the fibres (in the plane of the fibres) as the '2"-direction.

C M

b vi al

v) L

U"

U'

O

U" - U' E = - € " - € *

E ' c- C t l Strain,

(= 0,000 5) (= 0,002 5)

Figure 1 - Stress-strain curve

'I

Figwe 2 - Fibre-reinforced plastic composite showing axes of symmetry

5 Apparatus

See IS0 527-1, clause 5, except for the following: The micrometer or its equivalent (see 5.2.1) shall read to 0,Ol mm or better. It shall have a suitable-size ball-ended anvil if used on irregular surfaces and a flat anvil if used on flat, smooth (e.g. machined) surfaces.

Subclause 5.2.2 does not apply.

NOTE - It is recommended that alignment of the specimen and loading train be checked as described in annex B.



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EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

6 Test specimens

6.1 Shape and dimensions

Three types of test specimen are specified for use with this part of IS0 527, as detailed and illustrated in figure 3 (type 16) and figure 4 (types 2 and 3).

Type 1 B is for testing fibre-reinforced thermoplastics. Type 1 B specimens may also be used for fibre-reinforced thermosets if they break within the gauge length. Type 1B shall not be used for multidirectional, continuous-fibre- reinforced materials.

Type 2 (rectangular without end tabs) and type 3 (rectangular with bonded end tabs) are for testing fibre-reinforced thermosets and thermoplastics. Specimens with unbonded end tabs are considered as type 2.

The preferred width of type 2 and type 3 specimens is 25 mm, but widths of 50 mm or greater may be used if the tensile strength is low due to the particular type of reinforcement used.

The thickness of type 2 and type 3 specimens shall be between 2 mm and 10 mm.

To decide whether to use type 2 or type 3 specimens, first carry out tests with type 2 specimens and, if the test is not possible or not satisfactory, ¡.e. if the specimen slips or breaks in the grips (see IS0 527-1, subclause 5.1), use type 3 specimens.

For compression-moulded materials, the thickness between the end-pieces of any type of specimen shall at no point deviate from the mean by more than 2 %.

Overall length Length of narrow parallel-sided portion Radius Width at ends Width of narrow portion Thickness Gauge length (recommended for extensometers) Initial distance between grips

Dimensions in millimetres

3 150 1)

60 I 0 , 5 2 60 2)

20 I 0 , 2 10 f0,2 2 to 10 50 f 0,5 1 1 5 f l

NOTE - Requirements on specimen quality and parallelism are given in clause 6.

1) For som% materiais, the length of the tabs may need to be extended (e.g. 50 that 13 = 200 mm) to prevent breakage or slippage of me specimen in the jaws.

2) It should be noted that a thickness of 4 mm gives a specimen which is identical to the type 1 B specimen specified in IS0 527-2 and IS0 31671993, Plastics - Multipurpase test specimens.

Figure 3 - Type 1 B specimen



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EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

1 - 4

I

7

Q

-Centring holes (optional). 0 0 2

It L

I I

-Centring holes (optional). 0 û/

b) Type 3 speclmen

Dimensions in millimetres

Overall length Distance between end tabs Width Thickness Gauge length (recommended for extensometers) Initial distance between grips Length of end tabs Thickness of end tabs Diameter of centring holes

Type 2 a 250

25 f 0,5 or 50 f 0,5 2 to 10 50 f 1 150f 1

-

- 3 f 0,25

NOTE - Requirements on specimen quality and parallelism are given in clause 6.

Type 3 a 250 150f1

25 f 03 or 50 f 0,5 2 to 10 50f 1

136 (nominal) 3 50 1 to3 3 f 0,25

Figure 4 - Type 2 and type 3 specimens



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EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

6.2 Preparation of specimens

6.2.1 Generat

In the case of moulding and lamination materials, prepare a panel in accordance with IS0 1268 or another specifiedagreed procedure. Cut individual specimens, or groups of specimens in the case of type 3 specimens (see annex A), from the panel.

In the case of finished products (for example, for quality control during manufacture or on delivery), take specimens from flat areas.

Parameters for machining specimens are specified in IS0 2818. Further guidance on cutting specimens is given in annex A.

6.2.2 End tabs (for type 3 specimens)

The ends of the specimen shall be reinforced, preferably with end tabs made of cross-ply or fabric glass-fibrehesin laminate with the fibres at f 45" to the specimen axis. The tab thickness shall be between 1 mm and 3 mm, with a tab angle of 90" (¡.e. not tapered).

Alternative tabbing arrangements are permissible, but shall be shown, before use, to give at least equal strength and no greater coefficient of variation (see IS0 527-1, subclause 10.5, and IS0 3534-1) than the recommended tabs. Possible alternatives include tabs made from the material under test, mechanically fastened tabs, unbonded tabs made of rough materials (such as emery paper or sandpaper, and the use of roughened grip faces).

6.2.3 Application of end tabs (for type 3 specimens)

Bond the end tabs to the specimen with a high-stretch adhesive as described in annex A.

NOTE - The same procedure can be used for individual specimens and for a group of specimens.

6.3 Gauge marks

See IS0 527-1, subclause 6.3.

6.4 Checking the specimens


6.5 Anisotropy

The properties of fibre-reinforced plastic composites frequently vary with direction in the plane of the sheet (anisotropy). For this reason, it is recommended that two groups of test specimens be prepared with their major axes parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the direction of some feature which is inferred from a knowledge of the structure of the material or its method of manufacture (see subclause 4.8).

7 Number of specimens


8 Conditioning




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STD-BSI BS EN IS0 527-4-ENGL 1 9 9 7 1 6 2 4 6 6 7 Ob26673 O71

EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

9 Procedure

9.1 Test atmosphere


9.2 Measurement of specimen dimensions


9.3 Clamping


9.4 Prestresses


9.5 Setting of extensometers and strain gauges and placing of gauge marks

See IS0 527-1, subclause 9.5. Measure the gauge length to an accuracy of 1 % or better.

9.6 Testspeed

- Use the following test speeds: I E - - - - 9.6.1 For type 1B test specimens - -

a) 1 O mdmin for routine quality control; * * b) 2 mmlmin for qualification tests, IB

when measuring the maximum elongation,

when determining the tensile modulus of elasticity.

9.6.2 For type 2 and type 3 test specimens

a) 5 mmlmin for routine quality control;

b) 2 mmlmin for qualification tests, when measuring the maximum elongation, when determining the tensile modulus of elasticity.

9.7 Recording of data


10 Calculation and expression of results

See IS0 527-1, clause 1 O, except that the definitions given in clause 4 of this part of IS0 527 apply and strain values shall be reported to three significant figures.

If Poisson's ratio is required, calculate it at the strain values given in 4.6.



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EN IS0 627-4 : 1997

11 Precision

The precision of this test method is not known because interlaboratory data are not available. When interlaboratory data are obtained, a precision statement will be added with the following revision.

The precision data will be specific to particular combinations of fibre and matrix types.

12 Test report

The test report shall include the following information:

a) a reference to this part of IS0 527, including the type of specimen and the test speed, written in the following format:

Tensile tes t

Type o f specimen

Test speed in millimetres per minute

b) to q) see IS0 527-1, clause 12, b) to q), including fibre type, fibre content and fibre geometry (e.g. mat) in 12b).



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S T D - B S I BS EN IS0 527-4-ENGL 1777 H 1 b 2 4 b b 9 Db2bb95 7 4 4

EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

Annex A (nor mat ive)

Specimen preparation

A.l Machining the specimens

In all cases take the following precautions:

- Avoid working under conditions that would create a large build-up of heat in the specimen (the use of a coolant is recommended). If a liquid coolant is used, dry the specimens immediately after machining.

- Check that ali cut surfaces of the specimen are free from machining defects.

A.2 Preparation of specimens with bonded end tabs

A recommended method is as follows:

Cut out from the material under test a sheet having the length of the intended specimens and of a width suitable for the number of specimens required.

Identify the "1"-direction of the material in the sheet.

Cut out rectangular strips of the required length and width for the tabs. ~

Attach the strips to the sheet as follows: II e = - - If required, rub with fine abrasive paper or blast with suitable sand all the surfaces to which adhesive will be applied.

Remove all dust from these surfaces and clean them with a suitable solvent.

Bond the strips in place along the ends of the sheet, parallel to each other and normal to the length direction of the specimens, as shown in figure A.l, using a high-stretch adhesive and strictly following the adhesive manufacturer's instructions. NOTE - It is recommended that a film adhesive with a thin carrier be used. The adhesive should preferably have a shear strength greater than 30 MPa. It is desirable that the adhesive used be flexible in nature, with an elongation at break greater than that of the material under test.

Keep the bonded parts at the pressure and temperature recommended by the adhesive manufacturer for the time recommended by the manufacturer.

Cut the sheet, together with the strips constituting the end tabs, into test specimens (see figure A.1).



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S T D - B S I BS EN IS0 527-4-ENGL 1997 L b 2 4 b b 9 üb2bb9b 8 8 0

EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

Figure A.l - Tabbed panel for specimen preparation



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EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

Annex B (inform at i ve)

Alignment of specimens

It is recommended that the alignment of the tensile-testing machine and the test specimen be checked at the centre of the gauge length using a strain-gauged coupon of the same matenal as is to be tested. Use a device or procedure which ensures that specimens are positioned in the grips in a repeatable manner. Strain-gauge the coupon as shown in figure 8.1, attaching two gauges (SG1, SG2) to one face of the coupon approximately, one- eighth of the specimen width from the edge and midway between the tabs and attaching a third gauge (SG3) on the centreline of the opposite face also midway between the tabs.

Compare the output of the gauges at the mid-point of the strain range used to measure Young's modulus, ¡.e. at 0,001 5 for the strain values given in 4.6. Using equations (B.l) and (B.2), calculate the bending strain, expressed as a percentage, in the width (Bb) and thickness (Bh) directions, respectively.

. . . (B.l)

Bh = Ieav - E 3 1 . . . (8.2) &av

where

E I , E;! and €3 are the strains recorded by strain gauges SG1, SG2 and SG3, respectively;

E a V = -+-+- (: : 2 ) Finally, ensure that the bending strains satisfy the condition given in inequality (8.3):

. . , (8.3)

1 The use of further strain gauges next to the grips will be necessary to check fully all possible sources of misalignment.

2 The alignment of individual specimens can be checked in the width direction using a clip-on extensometer with a longitudinal-strain output for each edge of the specimen.

4 a) Front view

,562

b) CIáe view

Figure B.l - Strain-gauge locations (SG1, SG2 and SG3) for system alignment check



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S T D - B S I BS E N IS0 527m'i-ENGL 1777 Lb24bb7 0626678 b53

EN IS0 527-4 : 1997

Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their relevant European publications

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.

Year Publication -

IS0 527-1 1993

IS0 527-2

IS0 527-5

1993

1997

- Title - EN - Year

Plastics - Determination of tensile EN IS0 527-1 1996 properties - Part 1 : General principles

Plastics - Determination of tensile - EN IS0 527-2 1996 Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics

Plastics - Determination of tensile - EN IS0 527-5 1997 Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastic composites



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STD-BSI BS E N IS0 527-q-ENGL 1777 1b2YbbS ObZbb77 57T =

BSI - British Standards Institution

BS EN IS0 527-4 : 1997 BS 2782 : Part 3 : Method 326F : 1997

BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London w4 4AL

IS1 is the independent national body responsible for preparing British standards. It resents the UK view on stcuidards in Europe and at the international level. It is ncorporated by Royal Charter.

:ontract requirements

1 British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a :ontract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

levisions

3ritish Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards ihould make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.

t is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccura~y or ambiguity while using this 3ritish Standard would inform the Secretary of the responsible technical committee, he identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: O181 996 9000; Fax: I181 996 7400.

3SI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards. 3uying standards

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