Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain BuildingMountain Building

GPH 111GPH 111

Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building Game Mountain Building Game

plan:plan:

Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building Game Mountain Building Game

plan:plan: Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and

PangeaPangea

Major Plate BoundariesMajor Plate Boundaries

Terrain Accretion and Continental Terrain Accretion and Continental ShieldsShields

Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains

Stress and Strain – Folding and FaultingStress and Strain – Folding and Faulting

Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and PangeaPangea

Major Plate BoundariesMajor Plate Boundaries

Terrain Accretion and Continental Terrain Accretion and Continental ShieldsShields

Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains

Stress and Strain – Folding and FaultingStress and Strain – Folding and Faulting

ContinentContinental al MovementMovements:s:Pangea to Pangea to Now…Now…

Super-Super-Continent Continent CyclesCycles

ContinentContinental al MovementMovements:s:Pangea to Pangea to Now…Now…

Super-Super-Continent Continent CyclesCycles

Continental MovementsContinental Movements

Australia - the fastest moving continent, 6.5 cm / yearAustralia - the fastest moving continent, 6.5 cm / year

•Convergent Convergent

•DivergentDivergent

•TransformTransform•Hot Spots – Hot Spots – not technically a boundary, not technically a boundary,

but cool and interesting none the lessbut cool and interesting none the less

Major Plate Boundaries…Major Plate Boundaries…Major Plate Boundaries…Major Plate Boundaries…

Convergent Plate BoundaryConvergent Plate Boundary• Continent – ContinentContinent – Continent, Continent – , Continent –

Ocean, and Ocean - OceanOcean, and Ocean - Ocean

Convergent Plate BoundaryConvergent Plate Boundary• Continent – Continent, Continent – Continent, Continent – Continent –

OceanOcean, and Ocean - Ocean, and Ocean - Ocean

Mariana Trench - 35,802 feet deep at the deepest, this is where plates dive into the mantle. That is 8 tons per square inch…

Convergent Plate BoundaryConvergent Plate Boundary• Continent – Continent, Continent – Continent – Continent, Continent –

Ocean, and Ocean, and Ocean - OceanOcean - Ocean

Divergent Plate BoundaryDivergent Plate Boundary• Mid-Ocean RidgesMid-Ocean Ridges

Generates new ocean sea floor over time - driven by convective currents.

Divergent Plate BoundaryDivergent Plate Boundary• Mid-Ocean RidgesMid-Ocean Ridges

Mid-Mid-Atlantic Atlantic RidgeRidge

Divergent Plate Divergent Plate BoundaryBoundary

Oldest ocean Oldest ocean floor ~180 floor ~180 million years million years

Divergent Divergent Plate Plate BoundaryBoundary

Transform BoundariesTransform Boundaries

San Andreas Fault San Andreas Fault

Think:Think:Balloon on Balloon on a string…a string…

Hot Hot SpotsSpots

Hawaii

Columbia Plateau and Yellowstone

Hot Hot SpotsSpots

Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building:Mountain Building:Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building:Mountain Building:

Terrain Accretion and Continental Terrain Accretion and Continental ShieldsShields

Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains

- Convergent Boundaries- Convergent Boundaries

- Fault Block Mountains- Fault Block Mountains

- Isostatic Mountains- Isostatic Mountains

Terrain Accretion and Continental Terrain Accretion and Continental ShieldsShields

Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains

- Convergent Boundaries- Convergent Boundaries

- Fault Block Mountains- Fault Block Mountains

- Isostatic Mountains- Isostatic Mountains

Continental Continental ShieldsShields

Older nucleuses that younger crust (objects like Japan)

adheres to are called continental shields and the process is called terrain accretion

Plate Convergence MountainsPlate Convergence Mountains

Isostatic MountainsIsostatic Mountains - - SuperstitionsSuperstitions

Mountains Uplift as they are eroded… Basins depress as

they fill…

Continents behave like wooden blocks in water…

Isostatic Isostatic MountainsMountainsIsostatic Isostatic MountainsMountains

Old volcanic center erupted 18 million years ago, and collapsed on itself, and then rebounded into the current mountain range

http://discoverourearth.org/student/isostasy.html

Superstition Mountains

Fault Block MountainsFault Block Mountains

Nevada, US

Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building:Mountain Building:Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building:Mountain Building:

Stress and StrainStress and Strain

FaultingFaulting

- Normal Fault- Normal Fault

- Reverse Fault- Reverse Fault

- Strike Slip Fault- Strike Slip Fault

Stress and StrainStress and Strain

FaultingFaulting

- Normal Fault- Normal Fault

- Reverse Fault- Reverse Fault

- Strike Slip Fault- Strike Slip Fault

Stress and StrainStress and Strain

StressStress - force on the rock; StrainStrain - the resulting response

Tension

Compression

Shear

My Snickers

Types of FaultsTypes of Faults Your Snickers

a.

b.

c.

Slide #1

a.

b.

c.

Slide #2

a.

b.

c.

Slide #3

a.

b.

c.

Slide #4

Things to Know:Things to Know:• Alfred WegnerAlfred Wegner and his early proposal of and his early proposal of Continental Continental

DriftDrift, but known today as , but known today as plate tectonicsplate tectonics• The The energy sourceenergy source that drives that drives plate tectonicsplate tectonics• The name for the most recent super continent, The name for the most recent super continent,

PangeaPangea• The major plate boundaries: The major plate boundaries: convergent, convergent,

divergent, and transform, and also hot spotsdivergent, and transform, and also hot spots• Continental shieldsContinental shields and and terrain accretionterrain accretion• Three ways to generate mountains: Three ways to generate mountains: convergent convergent

plate boundaries, Isostatic, and Fault Blockplate boundaries, Isostatic, and Fault Block • The difference between The difference between stressstress and and strainstrain• Under what circumstances will a rock behave in a Under what circumstances will a rock behave in a

ductile or brittle fashion ductile or brittle fashion • The major fault types: The major fault types: normal, reverse, and normal, reverse, and

strike slipstrike slip (be able to diagram them) (be able to diagram them)Help: Chapter TL