plate tectonics. objectives 1. know the different tectonic plates 2. understand how the tectonic...
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Objectives 1. Know the different tectonic plates
2. Understand how the tectonic plates move
3. Understand what happens at the different plate boundaries
A plate is a rigid section of the earth’s crust which 'floats' on the
semi molten mantle.
PLATES ARE MADE OF EITHER OCEANIC CRUST OR OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL CRUST. NO PLATE IS MADE OF ONLY CONTINENTAL CRUST.
Plate Boundaries / Margins
The plates have recognized boundaries, where they are either moving towards one another, moving away from one another or moving past one another.
Objectives 1. Know the different tectonic plates
2. Understand how the tectonic plates move
3. Understand what happens at the different plate boundaries
Three types of plate boundary Divergent (constructive)
Convergent (destructive)
Transform (conservative)
Convergent Plate Boundary
There are three styles of convergent plate boundaries◦Continental-continental crust◦Continental-oceanic crust ◦Oceanic-oceanic crust
Himalayas
•India used to be an island, but about 15 million years ago it crashed into Asia (see map). •As continental crust was pushing against continental crust the Himalayan mountain belt was pushed up.
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Convergent/Continental-Collision
Oceanic crust subducts underneath the continental crust
Oceanic crust heats up as it as it subducts and melts
The moltan rock is magma and rises forming volcanoes
e.g. The Andes in South America
Subduction
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Convergent/Oceanic-continental
Oceanic-Oceanic Plates
When two oceanic plates collide, one runs over the other which causes it to sink into the mantle forming a subduction zone.
The subducting plate is bent downward to form a very deep depression in the ocean floor called a trench.
The worlds deepest parts of the ocean are found along trenches.
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Convergent/Oceanic-oceanic-collision
Iceland
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Divergent/Mid-Atlantic-Ridge
Iceland has a divergent plate boundary running through its middle
Transform Boundaries
Above: View of the San Andreas transform fault
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Conservative/San-Andreas-Fault
Summary
The Earth is made up of 3 main layers (core, mantle, crust)
On the surface of the Earth are tectonic plates that slowly move around the globe
Plates are made of crust and upper mantle (lithosphere)
There are 2 types of plate There are 3 types of plate boundaries Volcanoes and Earthquakes are closely linked to the margins of the tectonic plates