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2

A Synopsis

of the Thesis to be submitted to

Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat

for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

Faculty : Education

Subject : Education (Specific : Teaching and Technology)

Name of the student : Ghelani Bhavesh Hamabhai

Name of the Supervising Teacher : Dr. Pravinchandra R. Master

(B.A., M.Ed.(English), Ph. D.) Assistant Professor, College of Education, Kharod. Title of the thesis : Development and Tryout of Assignment Method and

Computer Assisted Learning Method in the Unit of “Journal

Entry” in the Subject of Elements of Acountancy of

Standard - 11

Registration No.: 2349

Date of Registration : 30/03/2010

Place of Work : College of Education, Kharod, Dis-Bharuch.

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3

-: an&k\m(Nki :-

pini n>.

1.1 p\Ativni 4

1.2 s>Si[Fnni[ m*liFir 5

1.3 smAyikYn 9

1.4 S¾di[n) Äyi²yi 9

1.5 s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[ 11

1.6 s>Si[Fnn) uRkÃpniai[ 14

1.7 s>Si[Fnmi> smi(vOT cli[ 16

1.8 s>Si[Fnn&> mh_v 18

1.9 s>Si[Fnn&> s)mi>kn 18

1.10 Äyip(vÅv an[ nm*ni ps>dg) 19

1.11 upkrNi[n) ps>dg) an[ s>rcni 20

1.12 s>Si[Fn pÜ(t an[ s>Si[Fn yi[jni 21

1.13 mi(ht) a[k#i)krNn) r)t 21

1.14 a>kSiA#i)y pZYÊrNn) r)t 23

1.15 s>Si[Fnni> tirNi[ 24

1.16 ups>hir 27

• s>dB<s*(c







4

1.1 pppp\\\\Ativni Ativni Ativni Ativni p\ic)n kiLY) vg<K>Dmi> (Sxkk[ºW) a¹yipn pÛ(t aipN) (SxNÄyvAYin&> a[k a>g C[.

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ai s>ji[gi[mi> (vwiY)< mi[T[ Big[ (n(Ok\y ~i[ti bn) rh[ C[. t[ upri>t Birt j[vi> riOT^mi> bdliti

smijn) j$(ryiti[ siY[ (SxNni[ Äyip vFti> SiLiai[mi> (vwiY)<ai[n) s>²yi vF) C[. ji[ F)m) an[

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a¹yyn si(hRy p*r&> piDvimi> aiv[ ti[ t[ai[ a¿yismi> (np&Nti p\i¼t kr) Sk[ C[.

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pi[tini hiYmi> riK[ C[ an[ vg<(SxNmi> bFi> biLki[ smin g(ta[ a[k srK) p\g(t siF) Skti>

nY) k[m k[ ki[EpN b[ biLki[ t[mn) tmim min(sk S(ktai[mi> a[ksrKi> hi[ti nY). t[mnimi>

Äy(ktgt (Bºnti rh[l) hi[y C[. aiY), vg<n) cir d)vili[mi> kim krvi Cti> a[kFiri vg<(SxNni

b>Fnmi>Y) m&kt YEn[ (vwiY)<ai[n[ v]y(ktk an[ sim*(hk p\vZ(_iai[ oiri Avy>(SxNni an[

Avy>(vkisni p>Y[ cDivvin) tit) j$(ryit C[.

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(vwiY)<ai[n) (v(vF S(ktai[ni[ (vkis Yiy, t[ai[ Avp\yRn[ a¹yyn kr[ a[ miT[ (v(vF a¹yyn

pÜ(tai[ j[v) k[ a(Bk\(mt a¹yyn, Avi¹yiy pÜ(t, (nr)(xt a¿yis pÜ(t, vk<kiD< pÜ(t t[mj

p\kÃp pÜ(t aiFi(rt a¹yyn kr[ t[ aivkiy< C[.

vt<min (SxN p\Nil)mi> (k|yi oiri (SxN lgBg B*>siE gy&> C[ an[ S¾di[ {p\vcn} oiri

(SxNn[ (vS[P mh_v apiE rH&> C[. aijY) bsi[ vP< ph[li> $si[a[ (k|yi oiri (SxNn) vit kr[l).

RyirpC) p[ATi[li[J, f|i[b[l, mi[ºT[sr), ¶hi[n Dy*E an[ gi>F)J j[vi mhin k[LvN)kiri[a[ “ (k|yi

oiri (SxNni[ (sÜi>t” pr K*b Bir m*k[li[.

pT[l1{2005} a[ a[k c)nn) kh[vt n)c[ m&jb avt(rt kr) C[:

“I hear, I forget - kYn oiri (SxN

I see, I remember - avli[kn oiri (SxN

I do, I understand - (k\yi oiri (SxN ""

aij[ a¿yisk|m p*ri[ krvin) utivLmi> (vwiY)<n[ (vcir krti[, tk< krti[, sirisirni[ (vv[k

diKvti[ k[ s&yi[³y (nN<y l[ti[ krvin) pi[tin) jvibdir) (Sxk k[ (SxN s>AYi mi[T[ Big[ (vsr)

gE C[. aiKr[ m*L aiSy ti[ (vwiY)<ai[ni[ sm&(ct svi<>g) (vkis siFvini[ C[ n[ t[ miT[ a[k siFn







5

tr)k[ a¿yisk|m an[ piqyp&Atki[ni[ upyi[g krvini[ C[. pi[tini (SxNkiy<ni p*v< aiyi[jnmi> ai

h[t& lxmi> riK) (Sxk[ vg< miT[n) (v(vF p\vZ(_iai[ gi[qvv) ji[Ea[ an[ t[mi> (SxNni> nv)ntr

upkrNi[ni[ upyi[g krvini[ p\b>F krvi[ ji[Ea[.

(SxN an[ T[k`ni[li[Jni x[#i[ (vwiY)<ai[n) xmtin[ ¹yinmi> riK)n[ Av-a¹yynn) pÛ(tai[

(vkis pim) C[. (v(vF Av-a¹yyn pÛ(tai[ p]k) pN k[Tl)k vFir[ ti[ k[Tl)k ai[C) asrkirk hi[e

Sk[. t[mj (vwiY)<ai[ Av-a¹yyn oiri a¿yis krti hi[y Ryir[ (Sxk an[ (vwiY)< vµc[n)

ai>tr(k\yi n(hvt` ji[vi mL[ C[. XinsBr ~[Oq (Sxk pi[tin) aivDtY) (vwiY)<ai[ siY[ (SxN

p\(kyimi> vF& s(k\y Yiy C[ Ryir[ (vwiY)<ai[ j[ t[ (vPymi> vFir[ p\g(t m[Lvti hi[y C[. aiY)

(Sxkni (vkÃp[ Av-a¹yyn pÛ(tni[ upyi[g krvi[ hi[y ti[ (vwiY)<ai[n) s(k\ytin[ ¹yinmi> riKv)

pD[. Av-a¹yyn pÛ(tai[ p]k) k[Tl)k pÛ(tai[ (vwiY)<ai[n) g\iHRmktin[ k[Tl)k vFir[ ti[ k[Tl)k

ai[C) asr kr[ C[.

ai upri>t eºfi[m[<Sn T[k`ni[li[Jni aijni y&gmi> kÀ¼y*Tr a[ vg<K>Dn) s&(vFi j n(h pr>t&

a(nviy< bn) gy&> C[. (vXin an[ T[k`ni[li[Jni zDp) (vkisn[ kirN[ vt<min y&gmi> #iN bibti[mi>

K*b j vFiri[ ji[vi mL[ C[.

“ - Xin (vAfi[T {Knowledge Explosion)

- vAt) (vAfi[T {Population Explosion)

- ap[xiai[ni[ (vAfi[T {Expectation Explosion)"" - rivL2 {n.d.}

ai asri[n[ ¹yinmi> riK)n[ Av-a¹yyn miT[ (vwiY)< t[ni[ upyi[g kr) rsp\d an[

asrkirk a¿yis kr) Sk[ t[ h[t&Y) s>Si[Fk[ Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(t

Úiri a¹yyn a>g[ni[ p\yi[g krvin&> (vciy&<> C[.

1.2 s>Si[Fnni[ m*liFirs>Si[Fnni[ m*liFirs>Si[Fnni[ m*liFirs>Si[Fnni[ m*liFir

p\At&t s>Si[Fn hiY Frvi miT[n) (dSi kE r)t[ p\i¼t YE t[ jNivvi n)c[ s>Si[Fnni[

m*liFir ApOT krvini[ p\yRn kyi[< C[.

p*v[< Yy[li> s>Si[Fni[n) sm)xi krti> jNiy C[ k[, Birtmi> Yy[li> s>Si[Fni[mi> nimini>

m*Lt_vi[ a[ rsni[ (vPy C[. j[mi> a[m. a[D`. an[ p)a[c.D). kxia[ k[Tli>k s>Si[Fni[ Yyi C[. ki[(ryi

{2000}a[ Fi[rN-11ni nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPyni 'aimni[>F" a[km miT[ (ndin upcir kiy<k\mn)

rcni an[ asrkirkti tpis) ht). g&liT){2001}a[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPyni a¹yipnmi>

p*CprC p\(SxN p\(tmin, p\B&Rv p\i(¼t p\(tmin an[ pr>prigt pÜ(tn) (vwiY)<ai[n) (s(Ü,

Av²yil, an&k*ln an[ XiniRmk S]l) pr Yt) asr pr s>Si[Fn hiY Fy&<> ht&>. dv[{2002}a[

Fi[rN-11ni nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPyni 'vi(P<k (hsibi[" a[km prni vk<kiD< si(hRyn) s>rcni an[







6

t[n) (vwiY)<n) jit)ytini> s>dB<mi> S]x(Nk (s(Ü an[ (vPy prRv[ni vlNn) asrkirkti tpis)

ht). pT[l{2003}a[ Fi[rN-11ni nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'h&>D) an[ vcn(cÎ)" a[km pr T[p-

T^iºsprºs) kiy<k\mn) rcni an[ ajmiyS pr s>Si[Fn hiY Fy&<> ht&>. dv[{2005}a[ nimini>

m*Lt_vi[ (vPyni 'aimni[>F" a[kmni s>dB<mi> vk<kiD< an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt p\y&(ktai[n)

asrkirkti tpis) ht). v[kr)yi {2006}a[ Fi[rN-11ni nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPyni> 'animt an[

ji[gvie" a[km prni> Av-a¹yyn si(hRyni> (v(vF Av$pi[n) S]x(Nk (s(Ü, a¹yyn rs an[

(vPy prRv[ni vlNn) asrkirktini[ a¿yis hiY Fyi[< hti[. bib& an[ kil)aim&Y)<{2007}a[

nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> (s(Ü an[ S]x(Nk an&k*ln pr s>Si[Fn hiY Fy<&> ht&>. aim, a[m. a[D`.

an[ p)a[c.D). kxia[ p\iyi(gk s>Si[Fni[ hiY Friyi hti>. j[mi> pÛ(tai[mi> an[ p(rNimi[mi> GN)

siÀyti ji[vi mL) ht).

aºy (vPyi[mi> Yy[li s>Si[Fni[mi> (KrvDkr(1998), pT[l {2001}, ki(rai {2001},

niyk {2003}, DQi(Nyi {2004}, si[nvN[{2004},jiy an[ S]j& {2004}, d[sie{2005},

K&miN{2005}, pT[l{2006}, pT[l {2008}, ji>b&(syi{2009}, T>D[l{2009}, prmir{2010},

vi>(syi{2011}, pT[l{2011} vg[r[a[ Av-a¹yyn an[ kÀ¼y*Tr pr aiFi(rt kiy<k\mi[n) rcni kr)

ht).

j[qvi{1993}, pir[K{1994}, mtie{1994}, viDgimi{1998}, pT[l{1998},

pT[l{2002}, (mA#i){2003}, pT[l{2005} a[ sv[<xN pÛ(tni[ upyig kyi[< hti[.

pT[l{2003}, gi(mt{2005}, T>D[l{2009}, pT[l{2011}a[ p\mi(Nt upkrN tr)k[ 'k[.

J. d[sie Si(¾dk-aSi(¾dk sm*h b&(Ûksi[T)ni[ upyig kyi[< hti[. jyir[ a(Bp\iyi[ m[Lvvi s>Si[Fk

Úiri a(Bp\iyiv(ln) rcni krvimi> aiv) ht). jyir[ ki(rai{2001}, dv[{2002}, Cg{2004},

kQi(Nyi{2004}, prmir{2004}, dv[{2005} a[ (Sxk r(ct a[km ksi[T) t[mj Cg{2004} an[

kQi(Nyi{2004} a[ a(Bp\iyi[ m[Lvvi a>bisNi{2002} r(ct a(Bp\iyiv(lni[ upyig kyi[< hti[.

j[qvi{1993}, (KrvDkr(1998), ki(rai{2001}, ki[(ryi{2002}, dv[{2002},

pT[l{2002}, pT[l{2003}, ci]hiN{2004}, dv[{2005}, gi(mt{2005}, d[sie{2005},

pT[l{2005}, pT[l{2006}, bib& an[ kil)aim&Y)<{2007}, pT[l{2008}, Sih{2008},

B>Dir){2008}, T>D[l{2009} a[ pi[tini> s>Si[Fnmi> nm*nini> pi#ii[ tr)k[ uµctr mi´y(mk SiLini>

Fi[rN-11ni> (vFiY)<ai[n[ jyir[ pT[l{1990}, si[l>k){2004}, K&miN{2005}, pT[l{2006},

k>Yi(ryi{2006}a[ nm*nini> pi#ii[ tr)k[ Fi[rN-12ni> (vFiY)<ai[n[ smiÄyi hti. jyir[

j&Dk)ºs{1993} an[ hi[g{2002}a[ nm*nini> pi#ii[ tr)k[ ki[l[jni> (vFiY)<ai[n[ smiÄyi hti.







7

pT[l{1990}, mh[ti{1993}, ki[(ryi{2000}, pT[l{2001}, dv[{2002}, niyk {2003},

ci]hiN{2004}, si[nvN[{2004}, K&miN{2005}, k>Yi(ryi{2006}, bib& an[

kil)aim&Y)<{2007}, B>Dir){2008}, Sih{2008}, prmir{2010}, a[ mi(ht)ni pZYÊrN miT[

Tkivir), kievg< an[ T)-ksi[T)ni[ upyi[g kyi[< hti[. jyir[ (KrvDkr(1998), ki(rai{2001},

pT[l{2003}, prmir{2004}, dv[{2005}, K&miN{2005}, gi(mt{2005}, ji>b&(syi{2009},

T>D[l{2009}, pT[l{2011}, vi>(syi{2011}a[ mi(ht)ni pZYÊrN miT[ sh(vcrN pZYÊrN t[mj

aivy(vk sh(vcrN pZYÊNni[ upyi[g kyi[< hti[. jyir[ hi[g{2002}a[ shs>b>Fi>kni[ upyi[g kyi[<

hti[.

pT[l{1990}, mh[ti{1993}, (KrvDkr(1998), ki[(ryi{2000}, g&liT) {2001},

ki(rai{2001}, pT[l {2001}, dv[{2002}, pT[l{2003}, niyk {2003}, ji[y an[ S]j&

{2004}, Cg{2004}, ci]hiN{2004}, kQi(Nyi{2004}, si[nvN[{2004}, gim)t{2005},

d[sie{2005}, dv[{2005}, K&miN{2005}, v[kr)yi {2006}, k>Yi(ryi{2006}, pT[l{2006},

bib& an[ kil)aim&Y)<{2007}, B>Dir){2008}, pT[l {2008}, Sih{2008}, T>D[l{2009},

prmir{2010}, vi>(syi{2011}, pT[l{2011}ni> s>Si[Fnmi>Y) p\i¼t Yy[li> tirNi[mi> GN) siÀyti

ht). ji>b&(syi{2009}ni s>Si[Fnmi> Äyi²yin pÜ(t asrkirk ji[vi mL) ht) t[ (sviyni tmim

s>Si[Fni[mi> p\Ni(lkigt (SxN pÛ(tn) sim[ nv)n (SxN pÛ(t asrkirk si(bt Ye ht).

aim, upri[kt Birtmi> Yy[li> s>Si[Fni[mi> h[t&ai[, nm*ni, upkrNi[, s>Si[Fn pÛ(tai[,

pZYÊrNn) r)t tirNi[ni> s>dB[< k[Tl)k (vPmti ji[vi mL) ht).

(vd[Smi> Yy[li> s>Si[Fni[mi> j[kl)ai[niD<{1999}, l){2003}, tbAs&m{2004},

f[>zl)n{2005}, k[¼n), tis an[ ki[s{2006}ni> s>Si[Fni[ p\iyi[(gk p\kirni> hti. jyir[ g[{2001},

Äh)T(fÃD{2001}, hm[<(lºDi{2002} vg[r[ni s>Si[Fni[ sv[<xN p\kirni hti. jyir[ Di[ºn[l),

(rciD<{2002} a[ Äy(kta¿yis hiY Fyi[< hti[.

j&Dk)ºs {1993}a[ rsiyNSiA#imi> COM aiFi(rt CAI an[ LOL aiFi(rt CAI

pÜ(tni[ upyi[g kyi[< hti[. l)ai[niD< {1999}a[ upkrN tr)k[ LSI an[ SDSni[ upyi[g kyi[<

hti[. Äh)T(fÃD {2001}a[ jn<Ãs, piq aiyi[jn ni[>Fi[ t[mj b&l[(Tnflkni[ upyi[g upkrN tr)k[

kyi[< hti[. hm[<(lºDi{2002} a[ ai[nlien sv[<xN upkrN {p\i[fielr} ni[ upkrN tr)k[ upyi[g

kyi[< hti[. upkrNni> upyi[gn) bibtmi> (vPmti ji[vi mL) ht).

j[kl)ai[niD<{1999}, l){2003}, tbAs&m{2004}, f[>zl)n{2005}, k[¼n), tis an[

ki[s{2006}a[ nm*ni tr)k[ SiLimi> a¿yis krti> (vwiY)<ai[ni[ smiv[S kyi[< hti[. jyir[







8

g[{2001}a[ ki[l[jni> (vwiY)<ai[ni[ t[mj Äh)T(fÃD{2001} an[ hm[<(lºDi{2002}a[ (Sxki[n[

nm*ni tr)k[ smiÄyi hti>.

p\At&t s>Si[Fnni> tirNi[mi> j[kl)ai[niD<{1999}, l){2003}, tbAs&m{2004},

f[>zl)n{2005} vg[r[ni> tirNi[ nv)n (SxN pÛ(tn) trf[Nmi> jNiyi> hti>. jyir[ g[{2001}ni

s>Si[Fnmi> j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) ai>tr(k\yi t[mj v]Xi(nk p\(tciri[ vµc[ tfivt jNiyi[ n hti[.

hm[<(lºDi{2002}n&> tirN a[v&> ht&> k[, kÀ¼y*Tr tk`(nk)ni[ (ny(mt upyi[g krti> (Sxki[n[ vg<K>D

ÄyvAYipnmi> t[ mdd$p Yt&> ht&>.

uprni> tmim s>Si[Fni[mi> h[t&ai[, nm*ni, upkrN, s>Si[Fn pÛ(t an[ tirNi[n) Ø(OTa[

k[Tl)k siÀyti ti[ k[Tl)k (vPmti ji[vi mL) ht).

pppp\\\\At&t s>Si[Fnn) (v(SOTtiAt&t s>Si[Fnn) (v(SOTtiAt&t s>Si[Fnn) (v(SOTtiAt&t s>Si[Fnn) (v(SOTti

p*v<[ni mi[TiBigni s>Si[Fni[ p\iyi[(gk p\kir[ hiY Friyi hti an[ t[ni hkiriRmk p(rNimi[

pN mÇyi>. t[n[ ¹yinmi> riK) p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> biLki[n[ Av-a¹yyn Úiri (SxN m[Lvvin) tk mL[

t[mj t[mnimi> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy p\Ry[ rs uRpºn Yiy t[n[ ¹yinmi> riK) p\iyi[(gk p\kirn)

yi[jni ps>d krvin&> nkk) krvimi> aiÄy&>.

p*v[<ni mi[TiBigni s>Si[Fni[mi> ki[e a[k k[ a[kY) vFir[ mi¹ym k[ pÜ(tni[ upkrN tr)k[

upyi[g krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[ jyir[ p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> biLki[mi> Av-a´yynn&> ki]SÃyi[ (vksivvi

miT[ 'kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÛ(t an[ Avi¹yiy pÛ(t’n) rcni krvin&> nÊ) ky&<>. t[ a>tg<t

kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn miT[ r](Kk a(Bk\mn) rcni krvimi> aiv) t[mj Avi¹yiy pÛ(t miT[ j&d)

j&d) Avi´yiy p\ti[ t]yir kr) (vPy s>b>(Ft siFn (nmi<Nni[ smiv[S kyi[<[.

p*v<[ni mi[TiBigni s>Si[Fni[mi> a[k, b[ k[ #iN SiLini (vwiY)<ai[n[ nm*ni tr)k[ ps>d kyi<

hti. jyir[ p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> Sh[r) (vAtirn) b[ SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n[ nm*ni tr)k[ ps>d krvin&>

u(ct smjiy&>. p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> 'yiØ(µCk pi#ii[, p*v<ksi[T)-u_ir ksi[T) smkx j*Y yi[jni’ni[

upyi[g krvin&> nÊ) ky&<>. p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> smi(vOT 'aimni[>F" a[km K*b (vAtZt C[. Fi[rN-11

an[ Fi[rN-12 mi> g&jrit rijy SiLi piqyp&Atk m>DL oiri miºy nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPyni

piqyp&Atkmi> t[mj b). ki[m. an[ a[m. ki[m.mi> m&²y (vPy tr)k[ ps>dg) pim[l nimini>

m*Lt_vi[ni> (vPymi> t[ni[ smiv[S krvimi> aiÄyi[ C[. t[Y) s>Si[Fk[ ai bibt ¹yinmi> riK) p\At&t

s>Si[Fnmi> aigLni Fi[rNmi> (vS[P upyi[(gti m*Ãy Frivti 'aimni[>F" a[kmn) ps>dg) kr).

p\At&t s>Si[Fn miT[ p\i¼t mi(ht)n&> pZYÊrN krvi miT[ sh(vcrN pZYÊrN, 3 ¢ 2 an[ 3 ¢ 3

j[v) aivy(vk sh(vcrN pZYÊrN a>kSiA#i)y p\y&(ktni[ upyi[g krvin&> pN (vciy&<>. jyir[







9

p\iyi[(gk j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[ni a(Bp\iyi[ni aY<GTn miT[ smin s>Bvn) r)t[ an[ ais>g sirN)n)

r)t[ kiE-vg< m*Ãyni[ upyi[g krvin&> nÊ) ky&<>> ht&>.

upri[kt m*liFirn[ ¹yinmi> riK) p\At&t s>Si[Fn uµctr mi¹y(mk kxia[ Fi[rN-11ni>

(vwiY)<ai[ pr nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> hiY Frvimi> aiÄy&> ht&>. j[ni[ m&²y h[t& Av-a¹yyn

aiFi(rt (SxN tYi kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yynn) asrkirkti tpisvini[ hti[.

1.3 smAyismAyismAyismAyikYnkYnkYnkYn

s>Si[Fnni m*liFirn[ ýinmi> riK)n[ s>Si[Fk[ s>Si[Fn miT[ n)c[ni (vPyn) ps>dg) kr)

ht).

Fi[rNFi[rNFi[rNFi[rN----11ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr Aviýiy ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr Aviýiy ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr Aviýiy ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr Aviýiy pÛ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr pÛ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr pÛ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr pÛ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr

shi(yt aýyn pÛ(tn) rcni an[ asrkirktishi(yt aýyn pÛ(tn) rcni an[ asrkirktishi(yt aýyn pÛ(tn) rcni an[ asrkirktishi(yt aýyn pÛ(tn) rcni an[ asrkirkti

DEVELOPMENT AND TRYOUT OF ASSIGNMENT METHOD AND

COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING METHOD IN THE UNIT OF

“JOURNAL ENTRY” IN THE SUBJECT OF ELEMENTS OF

ACCOUNTANCY OF STANDARD - 11

1.4 S¾di[n) Äyi²yiS¾di[n) Äyi²yiS¾di[n) Äyi²yiS¾di[n) Äyi²yi

p\At&t s>Si[Fn siY[ s>kLiy[li k[Tli>k S¾di[n) SiA#i)y an[ Äyvhi(rk smj n)c[ m&jb C[:

Fi[rNFi[rNFi[rNFi[rN----11

mh[ti an[ dv[3{1984}a[ ni[>¹y& C[ k[, ''(SxN (vPyk ah[vil aipnir

ki[qir)p>c{1964-66}n) BlimN m&jb ds vP<ni mi¹y(mk (SxNni a>t[ Fi[rN-11 an[ 12n)

10+2 n) tr[h s*cvie. t[ni[ aml krvi g&jrit ri¶y[ j&lie e.s. 1976Y) Fi[rN-11n[ j&di

miLKimi> gi[qÄy&> t[ Fi[rN-11."" d[sie an[ Sih4{2000} a[ ni[>¹y&> C[ k[, ''mi¹y(mk (SxN pC)ni>

Fi[rN-11 an[ 12ni vgi[<n[ hil uµctr mi¹y(mk SiLi gNvimi> aiv[ C[."" ai uµctr mi¹y(mk

SiLin&> p\Ym vP< Fi[rN-11 C[.

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> Fi[rN-11 a[Tl[ b[ vP<n&> uµctr miý(mk (SxN aipt) srkir)

miºyti pim[l) simiºy p\vih{vi(N¶y an[ (vnyn}mi> vi(Njy p\vihn&> p\Ym vP<.

nimini> m*Lt_vinimini> m*Lt_vinimini> m*Lt_vinimini> m*Lt_vi[

riNi,dlil,ji[giN),pT[l,BÍ,jr)vili5{2000} a[ Fi[rN-11mi> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ {Big-

1}mi> kiT<rn[ n)c[ m&jb avt(rt kyi< C[.

''niN&> aYvi niNimi> j[n&> m*Ãy ai>k) Skiy a[v) vAt&ai[n) f[rbdl) j[mi> Yt) hi[y t[vi

bFi v[pir) Äyvhiri[ Äyv(AYt an[ sic) r)t[ (hsibni ci[pDimi> lKvin) kLi an[ (vXin a[Tl[

nim&>.""







10

riNi,dlil,ji[giN),pT[l,BÍ,jr)vili6{2000} a[ Fi[rN-11mi> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ {Big-

1}mi> am[(rkin) nimipÛ(tn) s>AYi-am[(rkn e(ºATTy*T ai[f s(T<fieD p(¾lk a[kiuºTºT`s

{AICPA) a[ aip[l) Äyi²yi m&jb, ''nim&> a[Tl[ j[ Äyvhiri[ an[ bnivi[ ai[Cimi> ai[Ci a>St:

r)t[ niNik)y Av$pni C[ t[n[ mh_vp*N< r)t[ niNiAv$p[ ni[>Fvin), vg)<krN krvin) tYi siri>S

kiQvin) tYi t[ni> kirNi[n&> aY<GTn krvin) kLi.""

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ a[Tl[, g&jrit ri¶y (SxN (vBigni p#i k\mi>k um[S/,

ti- Y) m>j*r Fi[rN-11n&> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPyn&> piqyp&Atk (vBig-1. g&jrit rijy SiLi

piqyp&Atk m>DL '(vwiyn", s[kTr 10-a[, gi>F)ngr Úiri a[(p\l-2004 Y) m>j*r krvimi> aiv[li

nvi a¿yisk\m an&sir t]yir krvimi> aiv[l Fi[rN-11 ni> a¿yisk\mni[ a[k (vPy.

aimni[>Faimni[>Faimni[>Faimni[>F

riNi,dlil,ji[giN),pT[l,BÍ,jr)vili7{2000} a[ jNiv[l Äyi²yi an&sir,''aimni[>F

a[Tl[ nimini[ a[vi[ ci[pDi[ k[ j[mi> F>Fini bFi Äyvhiri[, tir)Kni k\mmi> kyi Kit[ k[Tl) rkm

uFirv) k[ jmi krv) t[ nÊ) kr), Äyvhirn) T*>k) smj*t) s(ht p\Ym ni[>Fvimi> aiv[ C[.""

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPyni> a¿yismi> aivti> a[kmi[mi>ni[ a[k a[km

a[Tl[ aimni[>F. t[ni p[Ti a[km tr)k[ aimni[>F, Kis aimni[>F an[ B*l-s&FirNini[>Fni[ smiv[S

krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[.

AviAviAviAvi¹yiy pÜ(t¹yiy pÜ(t¹yiy pÜ(t¹yiy pÜ(t

pT[l8{2005} a[ n[Ãsn a[l. bi[(s>gn[ n)c[ m&jb avt(rt kyi< C[. ''j[ a[km

(vwiY)<ai[a[ BNvini[ C[ t[n) ai[LK an[ Av)kir $p[ j[ S]x(Nk p\vZ(_i krvimi> aiv[ an[ j[niY)

a[ a[kmni[ a¿yis xmtip*v<k Ye Sk[ t[v) p\vZ(_i a[Tl[ Avi¹yiy pÜ(t.""

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> Aviýiy pÛ(t a[Tl[ ps>d kr[l nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F"

a[km miT[ (vPy vAt&ni j&di j&di p[Ti (vBign[ an&$p t]yir kr[li Aviýiy Úiri krvimi> aivti

Av-aýynn[ Aviýiy pÛ(t kh[ C[.

kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(tkÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(tkÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(tkÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(t

Juergen Hass9{2009} ni mtin&sir, ''Computer Assisted Learning is a

teaching process in which a Computer is used to enhance the education of a

student.""

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt kiy<k\m a[Tl[ ps>d kr[l nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi>

'aimni[>F" a[km miT[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn {Computer Assisted Learning-CAL} a[

a[vi p\kirni[ kiy<k\m C[ k[ j[ni Úiri (vwiY)< kÀ¼y*Trni[ upyi[g kr)n[ pivr pi[eºT p\[zºT[Sn Úiri







11

t]yir kr[l kiy<k\m k[ j[Y) (vwiY)<ai[ pi[tin) r)t[ Av-g(tY) a´yyn kr) Sk[. smg\ kiy<k\m r](Kk

a(Bk\mni Av$p[ hti[.

rcrcrcrcnininini

d[sie an[ Sih10{1984} ni mt m&jb ''rcni a[Tl[ pi[tin) m[L[ k[ aºyni s*cnY)

(v(vF p(r(AY(tai[n[ phi[>c) vLvi miT[n) Äy(ktn) (SxN Úiri m[Lv[l) aivDtmi> (vkis.”

Sing, S. K.11(2004) Activities concerned with evolving process of

utilizing the products of research and considered judgement in the deliberate

improvement of educational programs.

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> rcni a[Tl[ n)c[ni> pg(Yyi>ai[n[ an&srt) kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn

kiy<k\mn) rcni.

(1) a[kmn) ps>dg) (2) (vPyvAt&n&> pZYÊrN (3) a¹yipn)y h[t&ai[n&> (nmi<N (4) ATi[r)bi[D<n&>

(nmi<N (5) (vPyvAt&n) Si(¾dk fieln&> (nmi<N (6) (c#ii[n) fieln&> (nmi<N (7) siuºD fieln&>

(nmi<N (8) kÀ¼y&Tr shi(yt a¹yyn s>p&Tn) s>rcni (9) tj`X)y a(Bp\iyi[ (10) p\iY(mk

ajmiyS (11) a>(tm Av$pni kÀ¼y&Tr shi(yt a¹yyn s>p&Tn) s>rcni.

1.3.7 vt}r;tlte ymthfthf;tt

Definition Details12(n.d.) ni mtin&sir, "Effectiveness is measure of the

ability of a programme, project or task to produce a specific desired effect or

result that can be qualitatively measured."

a[(lyT13{2007}ni mt m&jb,

'Effectiveness means able, capable, powerful and successful."

aYi<t` asrkirkti a[Tl[ liyk, sxm, S(ktSiL) an[ sfL.

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> pÛ(tn) asrkirkti a[Tl[ p\yi[gni aml)krNn[ a>t[ #iN[y j*Yni

(vwiY)<ai[a[ (Sxk (n(m<t ksi[T) pr p\i¼t kr[l p\i¼ti>ki[n) srisr)ai[ vµc[ni siY<k tfivtn[ j[ t[

a´yipn pÛ(tn) asrkirkti tr)k[ Av)kir[l) C[.

1.5 s>Si[Fnni> h[t&ai[s>Si[Fnni> h[t&ai[s>Si[Fnni> h[t&ai[s>Si[Fnni> h[t&ai[

p\At&t s>Si[Fn miT[ ps>d kr[l) yiØ(µCk pi#ii[ ‘p*v< ksi[T) - u_ir ksi[T) smkx j*Y

yi[jni’ n[ lxmi> riK)n[ s>Si[Fk[ n)c[ m&jb kiy<ni h[t&ai[ an[ s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[ (nFi<(rt kyi<

hti> :

kiy<ni h[t&ai[ :kiy<ni h[t&ai[ :kiy<ni h[t&ai[ :kiy<ni h[t&ai[ :

p\At&t s>Si[Fn kiy<ni h[t&ai[ n)c[ m&jb hti :







12

{1} Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr Aviýiy si(hRyn) s>rcni

krv).

{2} Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn

kiy<k\mn) s>rcni krv).

{3} Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr (Sxk (n(m<t ksi[T)n) rcni

krv).

{4} s&rt Sh[rmi> aiv[l) SiLini> Fi[rN-11 mi> vi(Njy p\vihmi> a¿yis krti (vwiY)<ai[ pr

s>Si[Fk Úiri Avr(ct 'Aviýiy pÛ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t" kiy<k\mn)

ajmiyS krv).

{5} s&rt Sh[rmi> aiv[l) SiLini> Fi[rN-11 mi> vi(Njy p\vihmi> a¿yis krti (vwiY)<ai[ pr

s>Si[Fk Úiri Avr(ct 'Aviýiy pÛ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t" kiy<k\mn)

asrkirkti ckisv).

s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[ :s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[ :s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[ :s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[ :

p\At&t s>Si[Fn miT[ ps>d kr[l) yiØ(µCk pi#ii[ ‘p*v< ksi[T) - u_ir ksi[T) smkx j*Y

yi[jni’n[ lxmi> riK)n[ s>Si[Fk[ n)c[ m&jbni s>Si[Fn h[t&ai[ (nFi<(rt kyi< hti> :

{1} mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n) SiLini Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr

p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n) SiLiai[ni Aviýiy pÛ(t,

kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t an[ Äyi²yin pÜ(t Úiri (SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[n)

u_ir ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr)ai[n) t&lni krv).

{2} mi#i (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) SiLini Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr

p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ mi#i (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) SiLiai[ni Aviýiy pÛ(t,


u_ir ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr)ai[n) t&lni krv).

{3} smg\ SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[ni Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km

pr p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ smg\ SiLiai[ni Aviýiy pÛ(t, kÀ¼y*Tr

shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t an[ Äyi²yin pÜ(t Úiri (SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[n) u_ir

ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr)ai[n) t&lni krv).

{4} smg\ SiLiai[ni Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr p*v<ksi[T)ni

p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ smg\ SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_ir ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l)

srisr) pr (SxN pÜ(t, jit)yti an[ t[n) ai>tr(k\yin) asr tpisv).







13


p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n) SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_ir

ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr) pr (SxN pÜ(t, (s(Ükxi an[ t[n) ai>tr(k\yin) asr

tpisv).


p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ mi#i (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n)

u_ir ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr) pr (SxN pÜ(t, (s(Ükxi an[ t[n) ai>tr(k\yin) asr

tpisv).


pr p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ smg\ SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_ir ksi[T)n)

s&Fir[l) srisr) pr (SxN pÜ(t, (s(Ükxi an[ t[n) ai>tr(k\yin) asr tpisv).


p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n) SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_ir

ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr) pr (SxN pÜ(t, b&(Ükxi an[ t[n) ai>tr(k\yin) asr

tpisv).


p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ mi#i (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n)

u_ir ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr) pr (SxN pÜ(t, b&(Ükxi an[ t[n) ai>tr(k\yin) asr

tpisv).


pr p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ smg\ SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_ir ksi[T)n)

s&Fir[l) srisr) pr (SxN pÜ(t, b&(Ükxi an[ t[n) ai>tr(k\yin) asr tpisv).

{11} Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr Avi¹yiy pÜ(t Úiri (SxN

m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ni a(Bp\iyi[ p\i¼t krvi.


pÛ(t Úiri (SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ni a(Bp\iyi[ p\i¼t krvi.


m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ni a(Bp\iyi[n) t&lni krv).


pÛ(t Úiri (SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ni a(Bp\iyi[n) t&lni krv).







14

1.6 s>Si[Fnn) uRkÃpniais>Si[Fnn) uRkÃpniais>Si[Fnn) uRkÃpniais>Si[Fnn) uRkÃpniai[

uRkÃpni a[ aigih)y&kt (vFin C[, j[ s>Si[Fkn[ a[k ci[Ês mig< c)>F[ C[. a[k s>dB< aip[

C[. j[ Avt>#iclni[ prt>#icl siY[ aTkLy&kt s>b>F ji[D[ C[. j[n& v]Xi(nk pÛ(t Úiri p(rxN

krvimi> aiv[ C[.

p\At&t a¿yis smAyin[ ¹yinmi> riK)n[ s>Si[Fk[ n)c[ m&jbn) uRkÃpniai[n) rcni kr)

ht).


p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n) SiLiai[ni Aviýiy pÛ(t,


u_ir ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr)ai[ vµc[ ki[e aY<s*ck tfivt nh)> hi[y.


p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ mi#i (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) SiLiai[ni Aviýiy pÛ(t,


u_ir ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr)ai[ vµc[ ki[e aY<s*ck tfivt nh)> hi[y.

{3} smg\ SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[ni Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr

p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[ shcl tr)k[ len[ smg\ SiLiai[ni Aviýiy pÛ(t, kÀ¼y*Tr

shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t an[ Äyi²yin pÜ(t Úiri (SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[n) u_ir

ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr)ai[ vµc[ ki[e aY<s*ck tfivt nh)> hi[y.

{4} 4.1 Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[

shcl tr)k[ len[ smg\ SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_ir ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr) pr

(SxNpÜ(tn) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.

4.2 Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[


jit)ytin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.



(SxNpÜ(t an[ jit)ytin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.


shcl tr)k[ len[ mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n) SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_ir ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l)

srisr) pr (SxNpÜ(tn) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.







15



srisr) pr (s(Ükxin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.



srisr) pr (SxNpÜ(t an[ (s(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.

(6) 6.1 Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[n[

shcl tr)k[ len[ mi#i (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_ir ksi[T)n) s&Fir[l)




srisr) pr (s(Ükxin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.



srisr) pr (SxNpÜ(t an[ (s(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.






(s(Ükxin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.



(SxNpÜ(t an[ (s(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.






srisr) pr b&(Ükxin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.







16



srisr) pr (SxNpÜ(t an[ b&(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.






srisr) pr b&(Ükxin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.



srisr) pr (SxNpÜ(t an[ b&(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.






b&(Ükxin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.



(SxNpÜ(t an[ b&(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e aY<s*ck asr n(h hi[y.


m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ni a(Bp\iyi[ vµc[ ki[e aY<s*ck tfivt nh)> hi[y.


pÛ(t Úiri (SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ni a(Bp\iyi[ vµc[ ki[e aY<s*ck

tfivt nh)> hi[y.

1.7 s>Si[Fnmi> smi(vOT cli[n) ApOTtis>Si[Fnmi> smi(vOT cli[n) ApOTtis>Si[Fnmi> smi(vOT cli[n) ApOTtis>Si[Fnmi> smi(vOT cli[n) ApOTti

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> smiy[li cli[n) (vgti[ sirN) - 1.1 mi> aipvimi> aiv) C[.







17

sirN)sirN)sirN)sirN)----1.1

s>Si[Fnmi> smi(vOT cli[n) ApOTtis>Si[Fnmi> smi(vOT cli[n) ApOTtis>Si[Fnmi> smi(vOT cli[n) ApOTtis>Si[Fnmi> smi(vOT cli[n) ApOTti

k\m clni p\kiri[ p\At&t s>Si[Fnni s>dB<mi> ApOTti 1 Avt>#i cl ¥ (SxNpÜ(tai[

1. Avi¹yiy pÛ(t Úiri Av-a¹yyn 2. kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a´yyn pÛ(t Úiri Av-a¹yyn 3 : Äyi²yin pÛ(t Úiri (SxN

¥ prt>#i cl pr asr krnir cl C[. ¥ (SxNpÜ(tn&> (nymn Ye Sk[ C[.

2 prt>#i cl ¥ u_ir ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[ an[ a(Bp\iyiv(l pr p\i¼t p\(tciri[

¥ Avt>#i cln) asri[n&> mipn kr[ C[.

3 shcl ¥ p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>ki[ ¥ smg\ p\yi[g dr(myin p*v<ksi[T)ni p\i¼ti>kn) asr prt>#i cl pr Ye Sk[ C[. t[Y) shcl tr)k[ ps>d kyi<.

4 p(rvt<kcli[/ gi]Ncli[

¥ jit)yti {a} (vwiY)<ai[ an[ {b} (vwi(Y<n)ai[ ¥ (s(Ükxi {a} (nÀn (s(Ükxi {b} m¹ym (s(Ükxi {k} uµc (s(Ükxi ¥ b&(Üai>k {a} (nÀn b&(Üai>k {b} m¹ym b&(Üai>k {k} uµc b&(Üai>k

jit)yti, (s(Ükxi an[ b&(Ükxia[ gi]N Avt>#i cli[n) prt>#i cl pr asr Ye Sk[ C[ t[Y) t[ai[n[ p(rvt<k cl tr)k[ Av)kiyi< hti>.

5 a>k&(St cli[ ¥ Fi[rN-11ni> (vwiY)<ai[ ¥ (SxNn&> mi¹ym g&jrit) ¥ a¹yipn smy ¥ SiLi pyi<vrN ¥ (vPyvAt&

¥ mi#i Fi[rN-11n) (vPyvAt&ni g&jrit) mi¹ymni (vwiY)<ai[ pr j s>Si[Fn hiY Fy&<> ht&>. ¥ #iN[y j*Yi[ miT[ a¹yipn smy a[ksmin. ¥ s>Si[Fk Úiri j SiLimi> a¹yipn.

6 ai>trvt)< cl ¥ p\yi[gmi> niv)ºy ¥ (vPy p\Ry[ rs an[ uRsih ¥ p(rpkvti ¥ (vwiY)<ai[n) prAprn) ai>tr(k\yi ¥ vg<n&> vitivrN ¥ g\hNS(kt ¥ (SxN p\i¼t krvin) tRprti an[ FgS.

¥ t[ai[ Avt>#i cln) siY[ prt>#i cl pr aÑÆy r)t[ asr kr) Sk[ C[ pN t[ai[n&> mipn Ye Skt&> nY). ¥ ¹yiniRmk k[ Fi[rNiRmk cli[ C[. ¥ p\yi[g siY[ s)Fi[ s>b>F C[.







18

1.8 s>Si[Fnn&> mh_vs>Si[Fnn&> mh_vs>Si[Fnn&> mh_vs>Si[Fnn&> mh_v

p\At&t s>Si[Fnn&> mh_v n)c[ m&jb dSi<Äy&> C[ :

1. p\At&t s>Si[Fnni> p(rNimi[n[ ¹yinmi> le aiciy< tYi (Sxki[ nv)n a¹yipn pÛ(tni[

vg<K>Dmi> aml krvi a>g[ (nN<yi[ le SkS[.

2. vg<mi> (vwiY)<ai[n) s>²yimi> YE rh[li vFiriY) (SxNn) g&Nv_ii ji[Kmiy C[ Ryir[

ai p\kirni kiy<k|mi[ g&Nv_ii jiLv) riKvimi> upyi[g) YE Sk[.

3. nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi>Y) rs g&miv) c*k[li (vwiY)<ai[ t[mj nimini> m*Lt_vi[mi>

rs Frivti (Sxki[, (nr)xki[ miT[ pN ai kiy< upyi[g) (nvD) Sk[.

4. (Sxkn) g[rhijr) aYvi ap*rt) s>²yini s>ji[gi[mi> (vwiY)<ai[n[ Av-a¹yyn krvi

miT[ p\At&t s>Si[Fnn) n)pji[ j[v) k[ {1} kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a´yyn kiy<k\m an[ {2}

Avi¹yiy pÛ(tni[ aiciy< upyi[g kr) SkS[.

5. nimini> m*Lt_vi[ j[vi (vPyi[n[ vF& asrkirk an[ U>DiNp*v<k a¿yis krvi miT[

(vwiY)<ai[n[ p\[(rt kr) Sk[.

6. (vwiY)<ai[ pi[tin) aivDt an[ S(kt an&sir Av-a´yyn kr) aigL vF) Sk[.

1.9 s>Si[Fnn&>s>Si[Fnn&>s>Si[Fnn&>s>Si[Fnn&> s)mi>kns)mi>kns)mi>kns)mi>kn

p\At&t s>Si[Fn S$ krti> ph[li> a[n) k[Tl)k s)miai[ nÊ) krvimi> aiv) ht) j[ n)c[

m&jb dSi<v) C[ :

1. p\At&t s>Si[Fn Fi[rN 11ni nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> aimni[>F a[km p*rt&> j

myi<(dt ht&>.

2. aimni[>F a[km pr aiFi(rt kiy<k|m g&jrit) BiPimi> hi[viY) mi#i g&jrit)

mi¹ymni (vwiY)<ai[ p*rti[ j t[ni[ upyi[g s)(mt gNiy.

3. p\At&t s>Si[Fnni nm*nimi> s&rt Sh[rni (vAtirn) a[k Ci[kriai[n) an[ a[k

Ci[kr)ai[n) a[m b[ j SiLiai[ni[ smiv[S krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[.

4. mi(ht) a[k#i)krN miT[ s>Si[Fk oiri Avr(ct upkrNi[, lÈy ksi[T)ai[ an[

a(Bp\iyiv(lni[ j upyi[g krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[.

5. a¹yyn-a¹yipn simg\) miT[ #iN mi¹ymi[ni[ j upyi[g krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[. j[mi>

{1} Äyi²yin pÛ(t {2} Avi¹yiy pÛ(t {3} kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÛ(tni[

smiv[S Yyi[ hti[.

6. Avi¹yiy pÜ(t Avi¹yiy p\t Úiri t[mj kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn kiy<k\m r](Kk

a(Bk\(mt a¹yynni frmi Av$p[ t]yir krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[. j[mi> ØÆy mi¹ymi[ni[







19

upyi[g kr[li[ hti[ t[mj kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn kiy<k\mmi> ØÆy t[mj ~iÄy

{avij k[ s>g)t} ni[ pN (v(nyi[g krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[.

1.10 Äyip(vÄyip(vÄyip(vÄyip(vÅv an[ nm*ni ps>dg) Åv an[ nm*ni ps>dg) Åv an[ nm*ni ps>dg) Åv an[ nm*ni ps>dg)

1.10.1 Äyip(vÅvÄyip(vÅvÄyip(vÅvÄyip(vÅv

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> s&rt Sh[rn) g&jrit mi¹y(mk (SxN bi[D< Úiri miºy mi¹y(mk tYi

uµctr mi¹y(mk SiLiai[mi> vi(N¶y p\vihmi> Fi[rN-11mi> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPyni[ a¿yis

krti> vP< 2010-11ni s&rt Sh[rni g&jrit) mi¹ymni tmim (vwiY)<ai[ p\At&t s>Si[Fn miT[

Äyip(vÅv bn[ C[.

1.10.2 nm*nm*nm*nm*ni ps>dg)ni ps>dg)ni ps>dg)ni ps>dg)

1.10.2.1 p*v[<xN miT[ni[ nm*ni[p*v[<xN miT[ni[ nm*ni[p*v[<xN miT[ni[ nm*ni[p*v[<xN miT[ni[ nm*ni[

p*v[<xN miT[ hiYvgi sh[t&k nm*ni tr)k[ s&rt Sh[rn) aK>D ain>d (vwily, v[Dri[D,

s&rtni vP< 2009-10mi> Fi[rN-11mi> a¿yis krti 12-12 (vwiY)<ai[n[ yiØ(µCk r)t[ nm*nimi>

ps>d krvimi> aiÄyi hti. ai (vwiY)<ai[mi> 6-6 (vwiY)<ai[ an[ 6-6 (vwi(Y<n)ai[ni[ smiv[S Yti[

hti[. j[n) (vgt sirN)- 1.2 mi> dSi<vvimi> aiv) C[.

sirN)sirN)sirN)sirN) ---- 1.2

Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(tni p*Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(tni p*Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(tni p*Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(tni p*v[<xN miT[ni[ nm*ni[v[<xN miT[ni[ nm*ni[v[<xN miT[ni[ nm*ni[v[<xN miT[ni[ nm*ni[

SiLin&> nimSiLin&> nimSiLin&> nimSiLin&> nim pÜ(tai[pÜ(tai[pÜ(tai[pÜ(tai[ Ô(tÔ(tÔ(tÔ(t (s(Ü kxi(s(Ü kxi(s(Ü kxi(s(Ü kxi

k&lk&lk&lk&l uµcuµcuµcuµc m¹ymm¹ymm¹ymm¹ym (nÀn(nÀn(nÀn(nÀn

aK>D ain>d (vwilyaK>D ain>d (vwilyaK>D ain>d (vwilyaK>D ain>d (vwily v[Dri[D, s&rt.v[Dri[D, s&rt.v[Dri[D, s&rt.v[Dri[D, s&rt.

Avi¹yiy pÜ(tAvi¹yiy pÜ(tAvi¹yiy pÜ(tAvi¹yiy pÜ(t Ci[kriCi[kriCi[kriCi[kri 02 02 02 06 Ci[kr)Ci[kr)Ci[kr)Ci[kr) 02 02 02 06

kkkkÀ¼À¼À¼À¼y*Tr shi(yt y*Tr shi(yt y*Tr shi(yt y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(ta¹yyn pÜ(ta¹yyn pÜ(ta¹yyn pÜ(t

Ci[kriCi[kriCi[kriCi[kri 02 02 02 06 Ci[kr)Ci[kr)Ci[kr)Ci[kr) 02 02 02 06

k&lk&lk&lk&l 08 08 08 24

1.10.2.2 m&²y pm&²y pm&²y pm&²y p\\\\yi[gni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[yi[gni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[yi[gni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[yi[gni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> m&²y p\yi[gni aml)krN miT[ SiLi, (vwiY)<ai[ an[ p\yi[gn)

an&k*Lti t[mj ÄyvAYipnn[ ¹yinmi> len[ Äyip(vÅvmi>Y) sh[t&k nm*ni ps>dg)n) r)t[ krvimi>

aiv) ht). s&rt Sh[rn) b[ SiLiai[ ~) Avi(mniriyN g&$k*L (vwily, v[Dri[D, s&rt an[ a>bibi

h(rpri gÃs< e>(³lS Ak*l, s&rt sh[t&k r)t[ ps>d krvimi> aiv) ht). b>n[ SiLimi> Fi[rN-11ni b[

- b[ vg<ni (vwiY)<ai[n[ nm*ni tr)k[ smiv) l[vimi> aiÄyi hti. ai vgi[<n[ yiØ(µCk r)t[ p\iyi[(gk

an[ (ny>(#it j*Yi[mi> f[rvvimi> aiÄyi hti. ai b>n[ SiLiai[mi> uµctr mi¹y(mk kxia[ vi(N¶y

p\vihni g&jrit) mi¹ymni> Fi[rN-11ni> k&l 300 (vwiY)<ai[ {j[mi 150 Ci[kriai[ an[ 150







20

Ci[kr)ai[}ni[ nm*nimi> smiv[S krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[. b>n[ SiLiai[mi> yiØ(µCk r)t[ (cÎ)ai[ upiD)

(vwiY)<ai[n[ j*Yi[mi> vh[>cvimi> aiÄyi hti>. nm*nini pi#ii[n) (vgti[ n)c[ sirN)-1.3 an[ sirN)-

1.4 mi> dSi<vvimi> aiv) C[.

sirN) sirN) sirN) sirN) ---- 1.3

pppp\\\\yi[gyi[gyi[gyi[g----1 ni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[ni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[ni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[ni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[----(vwiY)<ai[ miT[(vwiY)<ai[ miT[(vwiY)<ai[ miT[(vwiY)<ai[ miT[

{~) Avi(mniriyN g&$k*L (vwily, v[Dri[D}{~) Avi(mniriyN g&$k*L (vwily, v[Dri[D}{~) Avi(mniriyN g&$k*L (vwily, v[Dri[D}{~) Avi(mniriyN g&$k*L (vwily, v[Dri[D}

pÛ(tni[ kpÛ(tni[ kpÛ(tni[ kpÛ(tni[ k\\\\mmmm pÛ(tn&> nimpÛ(tn&> nimpÛ(tn&> nimpÛ(tn&> nim pipipipi#ii[n) s>²yi#ii[n) s>²yi#ii[n) s>²yi#ii[n) s>²yi 1 (ny>(#it j*Y Äyi²yin pÛ(t 50 2 p\iyi[(gk j*Y-1 Aviýiy pÛ(t 50 3 p\iyi[(gk j*Y-2 kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t 50 k&lk&lk&lk&l ---- 150


pppp\\\\yi[gyi[gyi[gyi[g----2 ni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[ni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[ni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[ni aml)krN miT[ni[ nm*ni[----(vwi(Y<n)ai[ miT[(vwi(Y<n)ai[ miT[(vwi(Y<n)ai[ miT[(vwi(Y<n)ai[ miT[

{a>bibi h(rpri gÃs< e>(³lS Ak*l}{a>bibi h(rpri gÃs< e>(³lS Ak*l}{a>bibi h(rpri gÃs< e>(³lS Ak*l}{a>bibi h(rpri gÃs< e>(³lS Ak*l}

pÛ(tni[ kpÛ(tni[ kpÛ(tni[ kpÛ(tni[ k\\\\mmmm pÛ(tnpÛ(tnpÛ(tnpÛ(tn&> nim&> nim&> nim&> nim pi#ii[n) s>²yipi#ii[n) s>²yipi#ii[n) s>²yipi#ii[n) s>²yi 1 (ny>(#it j*Y Äyi²yin pÛ(t 50 2 p\iyi[(gk j*Y-1 Aviýiy pÛ(t 50 3 p\iyi[(gk j*Y-2 kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t 50 k&lk&lk&lk&l ---- 150

1.11 upkrNn) ps>dg) an[ s>rcniupkrNn) ps>dg) an[ s>rcniupkrNn) ps>dg) an[ s>rcniupkrNn) ps>dg) an[ s>rcni

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> b[ p\kirni upkrNi[n) ps>dg) an[ s>rcni krvimi> aiv) ht).

{{{{1}}}} s>Si[Fn ps>Si[Fn ps>Si[Fn ps>Si[Fn p\\\\yi[g miT[ni upkrNi[ yi[g miT[ni upkrNi[ yi[g miT[ni upkrNi[ yi[g miT[ni upkrNi[

¬ p\iyi[(gk j*Y -1 : Av-a¹yyn simg\) tr)k[ Aviýiy p\t

¬ p\iyi[(gk j*Y -2 : Av-a¹yyn simg\) tr)k[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn kiy<k\m

{{{{2}}}} mi(ht) a[k#i)krN miT[ni upkrNi[ mi(ht) a[k#i)krN miT[ni upkrNi[ mi(ht) a[k#i)krN miT[ni upkrNi[ mi(ht) a[k#i)krN miT[ni upkrNi[

{a} s>Si[Fk Úiri Avr(ct upkrNi[{a} s>Si[Fk Úiri Avr(ct upkrNi[{a} s>Si[Fk Úiri Avr(ct upkrNi[{a} s>Si[Fk Úiri Avr(ct upkrNi[

¬ lÈy ksi[T)

¬ a(Bp\iyiv(l

{b} p{b} p{b} p{b} p\\\\mi(Nt upkrNmi(Nt upkrNmi(Nt upkrNmi(Nt upkrN

¬ d[sie Si(¾dk-aSi(¾dk sm*h b&(Üksi[T)







21

1.12 s>Si[Fn pÜ(t an[ s>Si[Fn yi[jni s>Si[Fn pÜ(t an[ s>Si[Fn yi[jni s>Si[Fn pÜ(t an[ s>Si[Fn yi[jni s>Si[Fn pÜ(t an[ s>Si[Fn yi[jni

p\At&t s>Si[Fn p\iyi[(gk s>Si[Fn pÜ(tY) hiY Frvimi> p\yi[g yi[jni tr)k[ yiØ(µCk pi#ii[

'p*v< ksi[T) - u_ir ksi[T) smkx j*Y yi[jni" ps>d krvimi> aiv) ht). tYi j*Yn[ p*v< ksi[T) pN

aipvimi> aiv) ht).

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> yi[jnin[ sirN) n>-1.5 mi> dSi<vvimi> aiÄyi[ C[.


yiØ(µCk pi#ii[ 'p*v< ksi[T) yiØ(µCk pi#ii[ 'p*v< ksi[T) yiØ(µCk pi#ii[ 'p*v< ksi[T) yiØ(µCk pi#ii[ 'p*v< ksi[T) ---- u_ir ksi[T) smkx j*Y yi[jnu_ir ksi[T) smkx j*Y yi[jnu_ir ksi[T) smkx j*Y yi[jnu_ir ksi[T) smkx j*Y yi[jni"i"i"i"

j*Yj*Yj*Yj*Y p*v< ksi[T)p*v< ksi[T)p*v< ksi[T)p*v< ksi[T) Avt>#i clAvt>#i clAvt>#i clAvt>#i cl u_ir ksi[T)u_ir ksi[T)u_ir ksi[T)u_ir ksi[T)

(ny>(#it j*Y CR RX1 CR X2

p\iyi[(gk j*Y-1 ER1 R1X3 ER1 X4

p\iyi[(gk j*Y-2 ER2 R2X5 ER2 X6

CR = Äyi²yin pÛ(t Úiri a¹yipn pim[l (ny>(#it j*Y

ER1 = Aviýiy pÛ(t Úiri aýipn pim[l p\iyi[(gk j*Y

ER2 = kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn kiy<k\m Úiri aýipn pim[l p\iyi[(gk j*Y

R = (ny>(#it j*Yni yiØ(µCk pi#ii[

R1 = p\iyi[(gk j*Y-1ni yiØ(µCk pi#ii[

R2 = p\iyi[(gk j*Y-2ni yiØ(µCk pi#ii[

X1 = (ny>(#it j*Yn) p*v< ksi[T)

X2 = (ny>(#it j*Yn) u_ir ksi[T)

X3 = p\iyi[(gk j*Y-1 n) p*v< ksi[T)

X4 = p\iyi[(gk j*Y-1 n) u_ir ksi[T)

X5 = p\iyi[(gk j*Y-2 n) p*v< ksi[T)

X6 = p\iyi[(gk j*Y-2 n) u_ir ksi[T)

1.13 mimimimi(ht) a[k#i)krNn) r)t(ht) a[k#i)krNn) r)t(ht) a[k#i)krNn) r)t(ht) a[k#i)krNn) r)t

p\At&t s>Si[Fnn) s>Si[Fn yi[jni an&sir m&²y p\yi[g(v(F hiY Fr), mi(ht)n&> a[k#i)krN

krvimi> aiÄy&> ht&>. m&²y p\yi[g(v(F miT[n) p\iyi[(gk yi[jnini[ ciT< n)c[ m&jb dSi<vvimi> aiÄyi[

C[.







22

ciT< n>br - 1.1

pppp\\\\iyi[(gk yi[jniiyi[(gk yi[jniiyi[(gk yi[jniiyi[(gk yi[jni

yiØ(µCk j*yiØ(µCk j*yiØ(µCk j*yiØ(µCk j*Y Y Y Y ''''p*v< ksi[T) p*v< ksi[T) p*v< ksi[T) p*v< ksi[T) ---- u_ir ksiu_ir ksiu_ir ksiu_ir ksi[[[[T) T) T) T) smkx j*Y smkx j*Y smkx j*Y smkx j*Y yi[jniyi[jniyi[jniyi[jni""""

p\iyi[(gk j*Y-1 p\iyi[(gk j*Y-2 (ny>(#it j*Y SiLi-1 SiLi-2 SiLi-1 SiLi-2 SiLi-1 SiLi-2 {N=50} {N=50} {N=50} {N=50} {N=50} {N=50} d[sie Si(¾dk-aSi(¾dk d[sie Si(¾dk-aSi(¾dk d[sie Si(¾dk-aSi(¾dk sm*h b&(Ü ksi[T) sm*h b&(Ü ksi[T) sm*h b&(Ü ksi[T) {smy - 40 (m(nT} {smy - 40 (m(nT} {smy - 40 (m(nT} p*v< ksi[T) p*v< ksi[T) p*v< ksi[T) {smy - 90 (m(nT} {smy - 90 (m(nT} {smy - 90 (m(nT} Avi¹yiy pÜ(t kÀ¼y&Tr shi(yt a¹yyn $(Qgt pÜ(t oiri (SxN oiri (SxN oiri (SxN {smy - 22 tis} {smy - 22 tis} {smy - 22 tis} m&²y lÈy ksi[T) m&²y lÈy ksi[T) m&²y lÈy ksi[T) {u_ir ksi[T) tbÊi[} {u_ir ksi[T) tbÊi[} {u_ir ksi[T) tbÊi[ } {smy - 90 (m(nT {smy - 90 (m(nT {smy - 90 (m(nT an[ 50 g&N} an[ 50 g&N} an[ 50 g&N} a(Bp\iyiv(l a(Bp\iyiv(l {smy:15 (m(nT} {smy:15 (m(nT}

p\At&t s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[n[ ¹yinmi> len[ #iN[y j*Yi[n[ b&(Ü ksi[T) an[ p*v< ksi[T) aipvimi>

aiv) ht). Ryirbid p\iyi[(gk j*Y-1ni (vwiY)<ai[n[ Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ p\iyi[(gk j*Y-2ni

(vwiY)<ai[n[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn kiy<k|m oiri an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n[ $(Qgt (SxN

p*r&> piDvimi> aiÄy&>. a[kmn[ a>t[ #iN[y j*Yi[n[ lÈyksi[T) aipvimi> aiv) ht) an[ b>n[ p\iyi[(gk

j*Yi[n[ pÜ(tai[ a>g[ni p\(tciri[ m[Lvvi miT[ a(Bp\iyiv(l aipvimi> aiv) ht).

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> x[(#iy ajmiyS miT[ s&rt Sh[rn) b[ SiLiai[mi> p\iyi[(gk kiy< ky&<> ht&>.

b>n[ SiLimi> vi(Njy p\vihni Fi[rN-11ni (vwiY)<ai[n) an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) yid) m[Lv)n[ b>n[

SiLiai[mi> (vwiY)<ai[n) yiØ(µCk nm*nin) r)t[ (cÎ) upiD)n[ #iN j*Yi[n) vh[>cN) krvimi> aiv)







23

ht). b>n[ SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[n[ p\yi[g ph[li> j$r) s*cniai[ an[ mig<dS<n aip)n[, p\iyi[(gk

kiy<n) smys*(c an[ (SxNkiy<n) (vgti[ m&jb p\yi[gn&> aml)krN smin r)t[ krvimi> aiÄy&> ht&>.

a[k SiLimi> p\yi[g miT[ 15 (dvsn) fiLvN) krvimi> aiv) ht). b>n[ SiLiai[mi> aiciy<~)ai[n)

p*v< m>j*r) p\miN[ p\yi[gkiy< ky&<> ht&>. bFi p\yi[gi[ k&l 15 (dvsmi> (nFi<(rt smy aiyi[jn an&sir

b>n[ SiLiai[mi> p*N< kyi< hti>.

1.14 a>kSiA#i)y pZYÊrNn) pÜ(ta>kSiA#i)y pZYÊrNn) pÜ(ta>kSiA#i)y pZYÊrNn) pÜ(ta>kSiA#i)y pZYÊrNn) pÜ(t

p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> mi(ht)n&> pZYÊrN krvi miT[ s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[ an[ uRkÃpniai[n[

¹yinmi> riK) t[n[ an&sir a>kSiA#i)y p\y&(kt nÊ) krvimi> aiv) ht). p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> p\i¼t

mi(ht)n&> a>kSiA#i)y pZYÊrN krvi miT[ SPSS ni upyi[g Úiri sh(vcrN pZYÊrN, aivy(vk

sh(vcrN pZYÊrN, smin s>Bv an[ ais>g sirN) Úiri kie-vg< ksi[T) t[mj Tkivir) an[

k\mi>knni[ upyi[g krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[. s>Si[Fn miT[ upyi[gmi> l)F[l) a>kSiA#i)y p\y&(ktai[ h[t&ai[

an[ uRkÃpniai[ an&sir tYi ps>d krvin&> kirN siY[ sirN) 1.6 mi> dSi<v) C[.


h[h[h[h[t&ai[ an[ uRkÃpniai[n[ aiFir[ upyi[gmi> l)F[l) a>kSiA#i)y pt&ai[ an[ uRkÃpniai[n[ aiFir[ upyi[gmi> l)F[l) a>kSiA#i)y pt&ai[ an[ uRkÃpniai[n[ aiFir[ upyi[gmi> l)F[l) a>kSiA#i)y pt&ai[ an[ uRkÃpniai[n[ aiFir[ upyi[gmi> l)F[l) a>kSiA#i)y p\\\\y&(ktai[y&(ktai[y&(ktai[y&(ktai[

k|mk|mk|mk|m h[t&h[t&h[t&h[t& n>brn>brn>brn>br

uRkÃpniuRkÃpniuRkÃpniuRkÃpni n>brn>brn>brn>br

a>kSiA#i)y pa>kSiA#i)y pa>kSiA#i)y pa>kSiA#i)y p\\\\y&(kty&(kty&(kty&(ktn&>n&>n&>n&> nimnimnimnim

a>kSiA#i)y pa>kSiA#i)y pa>kSiA#i)y pa>kSiA#i)y p\\\\y&(kty&(kty&(kty&(kt ps>d krvin&> ps>d krvin&> ps>d krvin&> ps>d krvin&> kirNkirNkirNkirN

1 1 Y) 3 1 Y) 3 sh(vcrN pZYÊrN j*Yi[n) yiØ(µCk vh[>cN) krti

shcl s>dB[< j*Yi[ vµc[ tfivt hti[.

2 4 Y) 10 4 Y) 10 3 ¢ 2 an[ 3 ¢ 3

aivy(vk sh(vcrN

pZYÊrN

Avt>#i cl (SxNpÜ(tni #iN Atri[

tYi p(rvt<k cli[ni (v(vF Atri[

hi[viY) ai p\y&(kt ps>d kr) ht).

3 11an[12 - Tkivir), k\mi>kn an[

smins>Bv Úiri

kievg< m*Ãy

(vFinvir kievg<n) gNtr) ap[(xt

an[ avli[(kt aivZ(_in) t&lni

krvin) hi[viY).

5 13an [14 11an[12 Tkivir), k\mi>kn an[

ais>g sirN) Úiri

kievg< m*Ãy

b[ Y) vF& cli[ Úiri ais>g mi(ht)

p\i¼t Yt) hi[viY).







24

1.15 s>Si[Fnni> tirNi[s>Si[Fnni> tirNi[s>Si[Fnni> tirNi[s>Si[Fnni> tirNi[

{1} mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n) SiLini Aviýiy pÛ(t, kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t an[ Äyi²yin

pÜ(t Úiri (SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr)ai[ vµc[ni[ p\i¼t tfivt

siY<k C[. (ny>(#it j*Y krti> p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[n) s&Fir[l) srisr) U>c) C[. aYi<t` mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n)

SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Äyi²yin pÜ(t krti> Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr

shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(t Úiri vFir[ sir) r)t[ S)K) Sk[ C[. tYi Aviýiy pÛ(t an[ Äyi²yin pÜ(t

Úiri (SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Äyi²yin pÜ(t krti> Avi¹yiy pÜ(t Úiri

vFir[ sir) r)t[ S)K) Sk[ C[. tYi kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t an[ Äyi²yin pÜ(t Úiri (SxN

m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Äyi²yin pÜ(t krti> kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t

Úiri vFir[ sir) r)t[ S)K) Sk[ C[. tYi Aviýiy pÛ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t Úiri

(SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn

pÜ(t Úiri srK) r)t[ S)K) Sk[ C[ pr>t& t[ b>n[n) srKimN)mi> Avi¹yiy pÜ(t Úiri vFir[ sir)

r)t[ S)K) Sk[ C[.

{2} mi#i (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) SiLini Aviýiy pÛ(t, kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t an[ Äyi²yin

pÜ(t Úiri (SxN m[Lvt) (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr)ai[ vµc[ni[ p\i¼t tfivt

siY<k C[. (ny>(#it j*Y krti> p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[n) s&Fir[l) srisr) U>c) C[. aYi<t` mi#i (vwi(Y<n)ai[n)

SiLiai[n) (vwi(Y<n)ai[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Äyi²yin pÜ(t krti> Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr


Úiri (SxN m[Lvt) (vwi(Y<n)ai[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Äyi²yin pÜ(t krti> Avi¹yiy pÜ(t Úiri


m[Lvt) (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Äyi²yin pÜ(t krti> kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn

pÜ(t Úiri vFir[ sir) r)t[ S)K) Sk[ C[. tYi Aviýiy pÛ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t

Úiri (SxN m[Lvt) (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt

a¹yyn pÜ(t Úiri srK) r)t[ S)K) Sk[ C[ pr>t& t[ b>n[n) srKimN)mi> Avi¹yiy pÜ(t Úiri vFir[

sir) r)t[ S)K) Sk[ C[.

{3} smg\ SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[ni SiLini Aviýiy pÛ(t, kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t an[

Äyi²yin pÜ(t Úiri (SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T)n) s&Fir[l) srisr)ai[ vµc[ni[ p\i¼t

tfivt siY<k C[. (ny>(#it j*Y krti> p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[n) s&Fir[l) srisr) U>c) C[. aYi<t` smg\

SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Äyi²yin pÜ(t krti> Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr








25

Úiri (SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Äyi²yin pÜ(t krti> Avi¹yiy pÜ(t Úiri


m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Äyi²yin pÜ(t krti> kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t

Úiri vFir[ sir) r)t[ S)K) Sk[ C[. tYi Aviýiy pÛ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt aýyn pÛ(t Úiri

(SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy Avi¹yiy pÜ(t an[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn

pÜ(t Úiri srK) r)t[ S)K) Sk[ C[ pr>t& t[ b>n[n) srKimN)mi> Avi¹yiy pÜ(t Úiri vFir[ sir)

r)t[ S)K) Sk[ C[.

{4} smg\ SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[ni p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T)

prni p\i¼ti>ki[ pr pÜ(tn) siY<k asr C[ pr>t& jit)ytin) ki[e siY<k asr nY). a[Tl[ k[ nimini>

m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ a[k smin r)t[ (SxN m[Lv[ C[. smg\ SiLiai[ni

(vwiY)<ai[ni p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T) prni p\i¼ti>ki[ pr (SxN

pÜ(t an[ jit)ytin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e siY<k asr nY).

{5} mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n) SiLini p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T) prni

p\i¼ti>ki[ pr pÜ(tn) siY<k asr C[ pr>t& (s(Ükxin) ki[e siY<k asr nY). a[Tl[ k[ nimini>

m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> uµc, m¹ym an[ (nÀn #iN[y (s(Ükxini (vwiY)<ai[ a[k smin r)t[ (SxN m[Lv[

C[. mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n) SiLini p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T) prni

p\i¼ti>ki[ pr (SxN pÜ(t an[ (s(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e siY<k asr nY).

{6} mi#i (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) SiLini p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T)

prni p\i¼ti>ki[ pr pÜ(tn) an[ (s(Ükxin) siY<k asr C[. a[Tl[ k[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi>

uµc, m¹ym an[ (nÀn #iN[y (s(Ükxini (vwiY)<ai[ (s(Ükxi p\miN[ (SxN m[Lv[ C[. mi#i

(vwi(Y<n)ai[n) SiLini p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T) prni p\i¼ti>ki[

pr (SxN pÜ(t an[ (s(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e siY<k asr nY).


prni p\i¼ti>ki[ pr pÜ(tn) an[ (s(Ükxin) siY<k asr C[. a[Tl[ k[ nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi>

uµc, m¹ym an[ (nÀn #iN[y (s(Ükxini (vwiY)<ai[ (s(Ükxi p\miN[ (SxN m[Lv[ C[. smg\

SiLiai[ni (vwiY)<ai[ni p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T) prni p\i¼ti>ki[

pr (SxN pÜ(t an[ (s(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e siY<k asr nY).

{8} mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n) SiLini p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T) prni

p\i¼ti>ki[ pr pÜ(tn) siY<k asr C[ pr>t& b&(Ükxin) ki[e siY<k asr nY). a[Tl[ k[ nimini>

m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> uµc, m¹ym an[ (nÀn #iN[y b&(Ükxini (vwiY)<ai[ a[k smin r)t[ (SxN m[Lv[







26

C[. mi#i (vwiY)<ai[n) SiLini p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T) prni

p\i¼ti>ki[ pr (SxN pÜ(t an[ b&(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e siY<k asr nY).

{9} mi#i (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) SiLini p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T)

prni p\i¼ti>ki[ pr pÜ(tn) siY<k asr C[ pr>t& b&(Ükxin) ki[e siY<k asr nY). a[Tl[ k[ nimini>


C[. mi#i (vwi(Y<n)ai[n) SiLini p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T) prni

p\i¼ti>ki[ pr (SxN pÜ(t an[ b&(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e siY<k asr nY).


prni p\i¼ti>ki[ pr pÜ(tn) siY<k asr C[ pr>t& b&(Ükxin) ki[e siY<k asr nY). a[Tl[ k[ nimini>


C[. smg\ SiLiai[ni p\iyi[(gk j*Yi[ an[ (ny>(#it j*Yni (vwiY)<ai[n) u_irksi[T) prni p\i¼ti>ki[ pr

(SxN pÜ(t an[ b&(Ükxin) ai>tr(k\yin) ki[e siY<k asr nY).


m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ni a(Bp\iyi[ prY) ApOT Yiy C[ k[, (vFiY)<ai[n[ Avi¹yiy

pÜ(t kiy<k\m Úiri nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy BNvini[ gÀyi[, (vPyvAt&n) srL rj*ait, (vPymi>

U>DiNp*v<kn&> Xin, (Sxkn) g[rhijr)mi> pN upyi[g), rsp\d kiy<k\m, ciT<, (c#ii[ an[ aikZ(_iai[ni[

upyi[g, Yik ligti[ n hti[, srL BiPi, Ava¹yyn krvin&> gÀy&>, udihrNi[, ciT< t[mj diKliai[

(vPyvAt& siY[ b>F b[sti, (vPyvAt&n) k\(mk rj*ait, rsp\d p\~i[_ir), S)Kvin) siY[ smj

S(ktmi> vFiri[, k>TiLi[ aivti[ n hti[, Avt>#i r)t[ pN S)K) Skiy an[ (vFiY)<ai[n[ Avi¹yiy pÜ(t

kiy<k\mmi> mLti p\~i[ a>g[ni p\(tpi[PNY) aigL vFvin) p\rNi mLt) ht).

{12} Fi[rN-11 ni> nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPymi> 'aimni[>F" a[km pr kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(t

Úiri (SxN m[Lvti (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ni a(Bp\iyi[ prY) ApOT Yiy C[ k[, (vFiY)<ai[n[

kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn kiy<k\m Úiri nimini> m*Lt_vi[ (vPy BNvini[ gÀyi[, (vPyvAt&n) srL

rj*ait, (vPymi> U>DiNp*v<kn&> Xin, (Sxkn) g[rhijr)mi> pN upyi[g), rsp\d kiy<k\m, ciT<, (c#ii[

an[ aikZ(_iai[ni[ upyi[g, Yik ligti[ n hti[, srL BiPi, Ava¹yyn krvin&> gÀy&>, udihrNi[, ciT<

t[mj diKliai[ (vPyvAt& siY[ b>F b[sti, (vPyvAt&n) k\(mk frmi> Av$p[ rj*ait, rsp\d

p\~i[_ir), S)Kvin) siY[ smj S(ktmi> vFiri[, k>TiLi[ aivti[ n hti[, Avt>#i r)t[ pN S)K) Skiy

an[ (vFiY)<ai[n[ kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a¹yyn kiy<k\mmi> mLti p\~i[ a>g[ni p\(tpi[PNY) aigL

vFvin) p\rNi mLt) ht).







27

{13} (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ni Avi¹yiy pÜ(t Úiri (SxN a>g[ni a(Bp\iyi[ vµc[ ki[e

aY<s*ck tfivt nY). a[Tl[ k[ (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ p\Ry[k (vFini[ pr smin a(Bp\iyi[

Friv[ C[.

{14} (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ni kÀ¼y*Tr shi(yt a´yyn pÛ(t Úiri (SxN a>g[ni

a(Bp\iyi[ vµc[ ki[e aY<s*ck tfivt nY). a[Tl[ k[ (vwiY)<ai[ an[ (vwi(Y<n)ai[ p\Ry[k (vFini[ pr

smin a(Bp\iyi[ Friv[ C[.

1.16 ups>hirups>hirups>hirups>hir

p\Ry[k ait&r an[ uRsih) (vwiY)< amyi<(dtpN[ mh_im S)Kvi miT[n&> ¹yin an[ s>siFni[

p\i¼t kr[ C[. vg<(Sxk a[k siY[ j vg<ni bFi (vwiY)<ai[ni a¹yynn[ aigL vFirvin) jvibdir)

upiDti[ hi[y C[. (Sxk t[ni vg<ni p\Ry[k Äy(ktgt (vwiY)<ai[n) aivÆyktiai[n[ phi[>c) vLvi t[ni

pi[tini S]x(Nk ki]SÃyi[n[ (dSi-s*(ct kr[ k[ gm[ t[Tli[ smy aipvini[ p\yis kr[ ti[ pN, t[ Sky

nY). ai s>ji[gi[mi> p\At&t s>Si[Fnni> tirNi[ mh_vni C[. Avi¹yiy pÜ(t Úiri a¹yyn an[ kÀ¼y*Tr

shi(yt a¹yynn[ v[g aip) Skiy C[. p\vt<min mi(ht)ni Ø(OT(b>d& an[ Av-a¹yynni ²yiln[

kiyi<>(ºvt krvi miT[ an[ (vwiY)<ai[n[ S)Kvvi miT[ Avi¹yiy pÜ(t Úiri a¹yyn an[ kÀ¼y*Tr

shi(yt a¹yyn pÜ(t Úiri a¹yynn) ps>dg) krv) DihpNByi[< (nN<y gNiy.







28

• s>dB<s>dB<s>dB<s>dB<s*(cs*(cs*(cs*(c

1. pT[l, a[m.{2005}.aY<SiA#ini a¹yipnn&> p(rS)ln,{#i)J aivZ(_i}.amdivid : n)rv

p\kiSn. pZ.135.

2. rivL, a[n.{n.d.}. (SxNmi> an&d[S tk`(nk), {p\Ym aivZ(_i}. amdivid : n)rv p\kiSn.

pZ.-1.

3. mh[ti, a[c. an[ dv[, a[m.{1984}. uµctr mi¹y(mk (Sxki[ an[ (Sxk[_ir km<cir)ai[

s>b>F) kiydi[. amdivid : b). a[s. Sih p\kiSn. pZ. 19.

4. d[sie, k[. J. an[ Sih air.p).{2000}. S]x(Nk p(rBiPi an[ (vBivni {pi>cm)

aivZ(_i}. amdivid : y&(nv(s<T) g\>Y(nmi<N bi[D<, g&jrit ri¶y. pZ. 130.

5. riNi, T).j[., dlil, v).a[s., ji[giN), D).D)., pT[l, b).J., BÍ, j[., jr)vili,

p).T).{2000}.nimini> m*Lt_vi[.{s_irm) aivZ(_i}.amdivid : b). a[s. Sih

p\kiSn. pZ.-1/7.


p).T).{2000}. upri[kt. pZ.1/7.


p).T).{2000}. upri[kt. pZ.2/3.

8. pT[l, a[m.a[m., an[ aºy.{2005}.aY<SiA#ini a¹yipnn&> p(rS)ln,{#i)J

aivZ(_i}.amdivid : b). a[s. Sih p\kiSn. pZ.-50.

9. J.Hass, (n.d.). Computer Assisted Learning in Definition Details.

Retrieved from hppt://linux.about.com/cs/linux101/8/computer…

Assist. htm. On 8th March 2009.

10. d[siE, k[.J., Sih, j[.a[c. an[ Sih, air.p).{1984}. S]x(Nk p(rBiPi an[ (vBivni.S]x(Nk p(rBiPi an[ (vBivni.S]x(Nk p(rBiPi an[ (vBivni.S]x(Nk p(rBiPi an[ (vBivni.

amdivid : y&(nv(s<T) g\>Y(nmi<N bi[D<, g&jrit rijy.

11. Singh, Y. K. (2005). Insructional Technology in education. New Delhi :

A P H Publishing Corporation.

12. Definition Details (n.d.). Effectiveness in Visitask. Retrieved from

http://www. Visitask.com/effectiveness.g.asp. on 8th March 2009.

13. Elliott, J. (2007). Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus III (6th Edition).

London : Oxford University press, p.237.






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